The energy balance in Finland
The 7th Oslo Group Meeting, Helsinki
25.10.2012
Leena Timonen
leena.timonen@stat.fi
Compiling of energy balance in Finland
Energy Balance sheets have been compiled at Statistics Finland
since 1993 (earlier in the Ministry of Trade and Industry)
 In 1998 methodology was revised and harmonised with
international “common” methodolgy (ie. physical energy content
method)
 The energy balance is compiled on annual basis (calendar year)
 Energy commodity balance is compiled (ie. balance between
energy supply and consumption) for all energy sources (in
physical unit or in TJ)
 Commodity balances are used as data source for overall energy
balance

Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
2
Data sources for energy balance
Energy statistics system uses multiple data soures
 The majority of the basic data for energy statistics are collected by
Statistics Finland, obtained from other statistical authorities or
administrative data sources
 Statistics Finland is obliged to utilize as much as possible the data
sources that are collected by other organisations (Statistics Act)
 Energy statistics is also feeded to certain extent with the data from
associations and federation operating in the field of energy
 “written” agreements on collaboration
 agreed methodology in data collection
 common fuel classification
 quality control (in case of annual statistics)
 used mainly in monthly statistics (with some exceptions)
 The model for estimating consumption patters of space heating and
water heating has been developped in 1997 and thoroughly revised in
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
2010 and 2011

3
Modelling as a data source:
e.g. Estimation model for space heating and water heating
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The model uses all relevant data sources available and creates a data system
which is consistent and fits the frames.
In the model space heating is calculated as the sum of main heating system
and the supplementary systems
In the model the heating patterns are estimated using the following main data
sources:
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surveys: e.g. district heating statistics (annual), fuel wood consumption in small-sized
dwellings, Household Budget survey, sales data of heat pumps (annual), natural gas statistics
(annual), Households electricity consumption
admininistrative data sources: the housing and building stock, tax-based information from Tax
Administration,
metering: Heating degree day data (monthly), measurement of electricity consumption and
diary study of app. 100 household with relevat analysis inc. model testing and weighing for
representativeness (in 2006)
tecnology assumptions/research-inform.: energy efficiency values of dwellings,
expert estimations: e.g. consumption of domestic water per occupant among different types of
building and heatings systems
The results are validated against energy commodity balances
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
4
Outcome: statistics
Data sources
Statistics Finland
Direct data collection:
- Monthly and annual data collection
- Censuses and surveys
- Additional questions to existing other surveys
Other statistical authorities
Direct data collection carried out by:
eg.
-National Board of Customs (foreign trade stat)
-Information Centre of Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry, Tike (energy cons. in agriculture)
Energy flows:
*Indigenous production
*Imports
*Exports
*Stocks
*Transformation
*Transmission, distribut.
*Consumption by end
use sectors
*Non-energy use
Data/statistics from associations (NGOs)
- used mainly in short terms statistics
- “written” agreements on collaboration
- common classification, agreed methodology,
quality control
Modelling (eg. estimation model for
space and water heating /StatFin)
Researches, ad hoc surveys etc.
Statistics on internet eg.
- Energy supply and consumption
- Energy prices
- Energy use in manufacturing ind.
- Production of elecricity and heat
- Energy consumption in housing
Publications /Energy CD:
Energy Statistics -yearbook, Energy in Finland
Energy balance sheet
Pocketbook and other Statistical Yearbooks
Reporting oblications to EU
Energy products:
* Oil, Coal, Natural gas,
Biomass, Electricity &
Heat etc.
Administrative data sources
Administrative data /databases, eg:
- emission monitoring and environment
loading data system /Environment
administration
- annual monitoring data of EU/ETS
/Emission trading authority
National publications /statistics
releases
*Technical characteristics
of certain technologies,
* Activity Information
Such as GDP, value added,,
produced tonns, population
Energy Prices
and Taxes
Electricity and fuel
stock prices,
consumer price,
import prices,
energy taxes etc.
Energy statistics regulation
- Monthly reporting
- Annual reporting (IEA, UN)
Other directives eg.
- monitoring of renewable energy sources,
CHP-prod., biofuels in transportation,
- New: Energy efficiency (EED)
Other international reporting
IEA, European Commision /DG Energy, UN, FAO etc.
Greenhouse gas inventory
Eg. energy consumption by sectors (non-point sources)
Indicators
Other information service
Energy accounts (new)
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
5
Common national fuel classification

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Harmonised fuel/energy classification fasilitates the compilation process of EB
Introduced in year 2005
Widely use in all organisations, which collect energy data
 surveys and energy statistics /Statistics Finland
 GHG-inventory /Statistics Finland
 Electricity and heat statistics /Energy industries (association)
 annual monitoring data of EU/ETS /Emission trading authority
 annual reports for emission monitoring and environment loading data
system /Environment administration
 Other non-governmental organisations in the energy field
(or on aggregated level)
Regular review every second year (updated if necessary)
Includes average default NCV values and CO2 default values for all fuels
www.tilastokeskus.fi/polttoaineluokitus (also in english)
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
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Energy balance sheet, 2010 (TJ, NCV)
S UPPLY AND
Coal and
Crude oil and Petroleum
CONS UMPTION
coal derivates feedstocks
Products
Indigenous production
14 893
Recovered products
740
Imports
167 078
475 277 202 576
Exports
-147
0 -283 662
International Marine Bunkers
-8 945
Stock Changes
26 351
-5 087
35 076
TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
193 282
470 190 -39 323
STATISTICAL DIFFERENCE
488
-18 851
15 868
GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION
192 794
489 040 -55 191
Electricity Generation
-91 602
-1 322
CHP /energy industries
-51 431
-2 180
CHP /manuf. industry
-1 520
-1 838
Heat Production (sold)
-4 032
- -13 467
Oil Refineries
-489 040 486 873
Coal Transformation
-21 290
Consumption of energy branch
-5 796
Transmission and distrib. losses
-1 615
-440
TOTAL FINAL CONSUMPTION
Industry
Transport
Residential
Agriculture/Forestry
Commerce and Public Services
Other Consumption /not specified
NON-ENEGY USE
15 508
15 322
10
176
-
-
412 436
91 774
196 448
23 630
25 176
12 783
8 548
54 078
Gas
Nuclear
- 248 727
160 668
160 668 248 727
108
0
160 560 248 727
-2 003 -248 727
-72 972
-13 198
-15 945
-
Hydro and Wind Peat Fuel Biomass fuels Others Electricity Heat (sold) and
heat pumps
47 592
75 620
322 673 6 114
10 990
- 20 045
71
2 358 2 367
56 588
-173
-3 372
- -18 785
19 504
47 592
95 022
321 659 28 526
37 804
10 990
0
0
0
0
0
0
47 592
95 022
321 659 28 526
37 804
10 990
-47 592 -23 437
-15 284 -2 470 176 785
- -48 841
-58 667 -7 022
69 372
136 100
-3 393
-33 004 -2 142
31 774
12 195
-8 346
-23 527 -4 856
60 704
-
-
-
-
-
56 442
40 296
612
2 006
448
1 200
-
-
11 005
9 619
540
713
132
-
11 880
For quality
control: checking
of efficiencies and
shares (%)
Leena Timonen
191 177 12 036
123 297 3 965
- 6 116
58 380
544
6 000
483
3 500
260
668
-
Totals
-9 958
-12 434
726 609
20 785
1 066 983
-306 139
-8 945
75 844
1 575 136
-2 387
1 577 523 EFF.:
-255 652
40,9 %
-35 640
85 %
-11 126
80 %
-9 469
87 %
-2 167
-21 290
-5 796
-24 447
305 777
150 552
2 664
85 136
3 240
64 184
-
207 555
79 095
81 138
534
46 788
-
1 211 936
513 921
205 839
251 385
36 770
128 847
9 216
65 958
25.10.2012
SHARE
42 %
17 %
21 %
3%
11 %
1%
5%
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Room for improvements

Efforts are now underway to facilitate the compiling of energy
balance (a new database and data processing system is under
construction and is expected to be in use in year 2014)

There is always room for improvements in accuracy

Further harmonisation of methodology
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
8
Energy balance
Stock change 11.3
Recycled oil 1.0
Exports oil
Oil refineries
460.7
Crude oil and NGL 443.7
178.7
Bunkers
Petroleum products
OIL
213.4
140.6
151.0
NATURAL GAS
NUCLEAR POWER 243.9
1.7
1.3
7.4
1.7
45.7
27.4
COAL
TRANSPORT
198.4 PJ
12.0
13.3
Stock change
of peat
20.1
11.1
34.7
3.1
Exports of
wood fuels
3.3
Natural
gas
13.3
12.0
INDIGENOUS WOOD AND RECYCLED FUELS 232.7
ENERGY 371.8
Wood 14.7
Natural gas
ELECTRICITY
2.5
Nuclear power GENERATION
HEAT
24.7
202.4
Source: Energy Statistics 2005
Oil
1.3
33.1
Heat
pumps
10.6 33.1
HEAT
SUPPLY
54.3
Oil
70.2
27.3
2.5
Coal 28.9
INDUSTRY
DISTRICT
HEAT
PRODUCTION
CHP
INDUSTRY
ELECTRICITY
Non-energy
use and
statistical
difference
53.7
0.07
Peat 17.7
Wood 164.3
506.8 PJ
District
heat
16.8
4.1
Peat
1.1
District
heat
103.1
16.8
103.1 4.1
Natural Coal Oil Wood
gas 0.2 66.3 49.4
3.1
158.9
RESIDENTIAL
AGRICULTURE.
COMMERCE AND
PUBLIC SERVICES
348.5 PJ
126.5
Losses 10.8
Losses 12.2
40.6
126.5
149.2
158.9
64.5
Hydro and wind power 49.6
91.0
Coal
1.7
54.3
243.9
Imports of
electricity 64.5
40.6
DISTRICT
Wood 24.8
Peat Oil
Coal 12.0 1.5
27.4
Wood 32.6
CHP
Natural gas67.4
HYDRO AND
WIND POWER 49.6
Peat 3.9
Oil
1.7
Coal 45.7
Peat 30.4
PEAT 89.5
Eija Alakangas, VTT
Natural Coal Oil
gas
3.0 7.4
12.0
Peat 3.7
Wood 11.1
0.6
FINLAND'S ENERGY
BALANCE SHEET
(PJ)
Natural
gas
50.0
1.0
Imports of
wood fuels
66.3
Exports of peat
Exports of coal
Coal transformation
0.9
Transport
3.0
IMPORTS OF ELECTRICITY 64.5
Stock change
21.1
Non-energy use, other consumption and statistical difference
1.5
Stock change6.3
IMPORTS
1257.1 PJ
213.1
24.7
ELECTRICITY
SUPPLY
10.7
Exports of electricity 3.4
Electricity consumption in transport 2.3
Other consumption of electricity 6.8
27.1
Losses 264.9
Losses
Leena Timonen
25.10.2012
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