OSLO GROUP ON ENERGY STATISTICS
HELSINKI, FINLAND, 23-26 OCTOBER 2012
Azerbaijan’s experience
in making Energy balance
Rauf Gurbanov,
Head of the unit on Energy statistics
of the State Statistical Committee
of the Republic of Azerbaijan
raufg@azstat.org
1
Brief history
 First decisions for improvement of energy statistics (2006-2007)
 National methodology and recommendations on energy statistics
(2007-2012);
 National recommendations on energy statistics indicators (2007,
2009, 2010);
 Improvement of questionnaires according to energy balance
(Eurostat, IRES) (2007-2012);
 Creating of model of energy balance
(on the base of Eurostat from 2007 up to 2010), (since 2011 IRES);
 Agreement structure of balance with all relation government
organizations, IEA and adaptation (2007-2008);
 Compilation energy balance (2008);
 Publication new energy balance (2008);
2
Step by step for implementation new
structure
Submitted to Cabinet Ministries
(December, 2007)
Agreement structure of balance with
all relation government organization
(December, 2007)
Reference from IEA, seminars,
discussion, creating of working group
(2007-2008)
Creating of model of energy balance
on the base of Eurostat
( February, 2007)
Learning of structure of
balance of IEA and Eurostat
(2006-2007)
3
Text 1 for chapter 5 ... Previous structure of Energy Balance
Bad practice – wrong way
Some countries, especially former soviet union countries, also Republic of Azerbaijan fuelenergy balance has been compiled once in every 5 years. Since 1930, commodity balances of
main energy products (oil, gas, electricity) and once in every 5 years from 1950 to 1990 fuelenergy balance were published. After gaining of the independence by the Republic of
Azerbaijan there was published fuel-energy balance based on old structure from 1991 to
2007. Old structure of the energy balance is given below:
Item
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
Balance items
Resources
Extraction (production)
Import
Stock at the beginning of year
Distribution
Consumption inside of the country
including:
12 rows
conversion into other type of energy
production–technological and
other needs
Losses
Export
Stock at the end of year
4
Example previous Energy Balance with data
5.21 Fuel-energy balances in 2006 (thousand ton conditional fuel)
Resources
Stock to the beginning of the
year
Production (extraction)
Import
76 643
Natural fuel
including:
Other
kind of
crude oil, natural other
fuelincluding
gas
total
energy
gas
resources
condensat
e
60 733
46 981 13 720
32
15 910
2 593
68 483
5 567
1 842
53 745
5 146
838
46 143
-
997
7 583
5 140
7
19
6
751
14 738
421
Distribution
Domestic consumption
conversion of energy (electricity
and heating)
as raw material
other needs
Losses
Export
Stock to the end of the year
76 643
32 786
60 733
22 475
46 981
10 799
13 720
11 654
32
22
15 910
10 311
7 993
11 899
12 894
1 413
40 054
2 390
6 058
11 082
5 335
934
35 568
1 756
10 705
94
219
35 493
470
6 058
377
5 219
715
75
1 276
22
10
1 935
817
7 559
479
4 486
634
Fuelenergy
resourcestotal
5
Text 1 for chapter 5 (cont’d)
Continuation of the text 1. Bad practice – wrong way
The shortages of the previous energy balance are following: - there is a no analog of this
balance in the international sphere, as well as lack of transformation sector, re-accounting
of data, incorrect accounting of the consumption of energy products between sectors, nonapplication of consumption principle on several consumption groups, incomplete coverage
of energy products, lack of commodity balance conversion factors (TOE) applied in
international practice, and above all non-calculation of the “statistical difference”
indicator characterizing energy balance data quality.
On other hand - previous balance was only data flows, but not energy flows.
6
Energy balance: Purposes
 Enhance the relevance of energy statistics by providing comprehensive and reconciled data on
the energy situation on a national territory basis;
 Provide comprehensive information on the energy supply and demand on the national territory
in order to understand the energy security situation, the effective functioning of energy markets
and other relevant policy goals, as well as to formulate energy policies;
 Serve as a quality tool to ensure completeness, consistency and comparability of basic
statistics;
 Ensure comparability between different reference periods and between different countries;
 Provide data for estimation of CO2 emissions with respect to national territory;
 Provide the basis for indicators of the energy’s role in the country’s economy;
 Calculate efficiencies of transformation processes occurring in the country (e.g., refining,
electricity production by combustion of fuels, etc.);
 Calculate the relative shares of the supply/consumption of various products (including
renewable versus non-renewable) of the country’s total supply/consumption;
 Provide an input for modeling and forecasting.
7
Text 2 for chapter 5
Best practice
Since 2008 - the energy balance based on international standards (within the
framework of recommendations of IEA and Eurostat). The energy balance
published in 2011 was compiled on the basis of IRES requirements prepared by
Oslo Group and adopted in 42nd session of the UN Statistical Commission.
The SSC has adopted the format of the energy balances contained in IRES for
the national energy balances and presents information on 23 types of products
and 5 product groups. The availability of detailed energy balances has fostered
transparency; it has allowed for the assessment and monitoring of the energy
sector and it has provided information on the structure of the consumption of
energy products. It has overall provided policy makers with necessary statistical
information for decisions making and policy planning.
SSC compiles energy balances annually and publishes them in the annual
publication “Energy balance of Azerbaijan” available online at www.azstat.org.
8
Energy balance of Azerbaijan
Energy balance in 2011
Total all
products
Primary production
Import
Export
International bunkers
International marine bunkers
International aviation bunkers
Stocks changes
Total energy supply
Statistical difference
Transfers
Transformation processes
Electricity plants
CHP plants
Heat plants
Gas works
Blast furnaces
Oil refineries
Petrochemical plants
Other transformation processes
Energy industries own use
Losses
Final consumption
Final energy consumption
Industry and construction
Iron and steel
Chemical and petrochemical
Non-ferrous metal
Non-metallic minerals
Transport equipment
Machinery
Mining and quarrying
Food and tobacco
Paper, pulp and print
Wood and wood products
Textile and leather
Construction
Non-specified
Transport
Road
Rail
Domestic aviation
Domestic navigation
Pipeline transport
Non-specified
Other fields of economy
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Commerce and public services
Households
Not elsewhere-specified
Non-energy use
62 541,5
45,3
-48 783,5
-517,2
-79,2
-438,0
308,8
13 594,9
257,2
-3 160,0
-1 623,2
-1 219,7
-47,2
54,0
-1,4
-349,0
26,5
1 033,1
1 235,9
7 908,7
7 290,4
949,0
64,7
236,3
3,9
194,7
8,3
24,3
19,5
237,5
1,2
2,2
8,5
127,6
20,3
1 984,7
1 789,3
44,2
106,5
35,3
9,4
4 356,7
428,0
519,5
3 409,2
618,3
thousand TOE
Crude oil Refinery Petrofeedleum Refinery
stocks products, gas
total
46 949,4
-40 160,5
-60,9
6 728,0
150,7
-6 521,0
-6 521,0
8,6
47,7
-
-
26,5
-2 193,2
-517,2
-79,2
-438,0
23,5
-2 660,4
72,2
6 177,5
-4,7
-81,4
-1,3
66,4
6 172,0
26,5
429,0
3 015,9
2 430,1
87,2
2,2
0,3
0,9
1,3
0,1
0,7
6,2
12,5
0,1
0,4
62,1
0,4
1 934,0
1 789,3
2,8
106,5
35,3
0,1
408,9
337,2
9,2
62,5
585,8
248,6
248,6
248,6
-
LPG
-123,9
-1,7
-125,6
4,3
283,0
34,5
248,5
153,1
84,7
6,8
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,6
5,7
0,1
26,1
26,0
0,1
51,8
0,2
3,4
48,2
68,4
Motor Kerosen
gasoline e - type
jet fuel
1,0
-99,6
-26,5
-125,1
28,8
1 337,0
1 337,0
1 183,1
1 183,1
1 170,6
1 170,6
12,5
11,5
1,0
-
-81,3
-438,0
-438,0
-13,2
-532,5
640,7
640,7
108,2
106,5
106,5
106,5
1,7
of which:
Natural
gas
Other
Diesel Fuel oil - Bitumen
Other
kerofuel
low
petroleum
sene
sulphur
products
0,3
0,1
- -1 384,9
-79,2
-79,2
0,1
-6,4
0,4 -1 470,4
29,6
0,3 2 527,9
-2,6
0,3 2 530,5
0,3
0,7 1 027,6
0,7 1 026,8
0,1
55,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
5,6
4,1
0,3
44,5
0,1
630,1
592,7
2,1
35,3
0,6
341,7
325,3
0,1
3,6
0,5
12,8
0,8
-216,3
94,7
-121,6
0,4
172,8
-2,1
-81,4
-1,3
257,6
19,2
31,6
28,3
25,3
2,1
0,9
1,2
0,5
0,5
7,8
0,1
0,1
11,9
0,2
0,7
0,7
2,3
0,2
2,1
3,3
-19,6
-8,3
-27,9
11,0
259,9
259,9
221,0
221,0
25,1
-267,6
-15,2
-257,7
-1,9
707,3
31,9
648,9
26,5
160,9
290,6
290,6
15 265,2
-6 360,6
345,1
9 249,7
23,1
-4 439,7
-2 529,6
-1 774,4
-123,3
-12,4
380,1
832,7
3 574,1
3 545,7
691,2
31,0
205,8
2,1
179,5
7,1
13,7
6,5
201,7
0,9
1,7
3,0
23,3
14,9
2 854,5
26,1
116,2
2 712,2
28,4
Renewables
326,9
-0,2
326,7
-230,1
-230,1
96,6
96,6
0,2
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
96,2
1,1
18,5
76,6
-
Heat
109,4
32,0
77,4
22,1
13,8
73,5
73,5
0,3
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,0
73,2
24,1
49,1
-
Electricity
11,0
-69,2
-58,2
11,2
1 745,3
1 141,2
604,1
193,3
341,7
1 140,9
1 140,9
170,1
31,5
30,2
0,9
13,9
1,0
9,8
6,7
23,2
0,3
0,4
5,1
42,1
5,0
46,9
37,6
9,3
923,9
63,6
351,5
508,8
-
Other
fuel
products
7,8
1,3
9,1
-1,4
-1,4
7,7
3,6
3,6
3,6
4,1
9
Text 3 for chapter 5
Data sources and questionaries
Data on production of energy products collected with monthly periodicity from large enterprises;
quarterly from small enterprises; and annually from natural entities.
Data on consumption of energy products collected with monthly from large enterprises, annually from
small enterprises. with monthly periodicity from households (sample survey) Data on the sale of fuel are
collected from legal and natural entities with monthly periodicity. Data on import-export are obtained
from the State Customs Committee with monthly periodicity
10
Commodity balances
Customary for Azerbaijan, commodity balances are compiled
on 23 types of energy products
Primary Products - 7:
Crude oil, Natural bitumen and natural asphalt, Natural gas, Wood, Hydroenergy, Wind energy, Other fuel products (hard coal and etc).
Secondary Products - 16:
Refinery feed stock, Refinery gas; Oil products: LPG, Motor gasoline,
Kerosene – type jet fuel, Other kerosene; Diesel fuel, Fuel oil-low sulphur,
Fuel oil-high sulphur, Naphtha, Petroleum coke, Bitumen, Lubricants,
Other petroleum products, Electric energy (EP working with fuel), Heat
energy.
11
Conversion factors
Commodity balances
Conversion factors
Energy balance
12
Text 4 for chapter 5
Net Calorific Values for some energy products in Azerbaijan
Best practice
Main important work that has been carried out in Azerbaijan was the
identification of the country specific calorific values for the energy
products. This was considered particularly important in order to reflect
in the energy balances the higher calorific values of the energy products
in the country. The SSC commissioned experts from the scientific
institutions to identify the country specific calorific values. In particular,
the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the Academy of National
Sciences of Azerbaijan carried out laboratory works and determined the
calorific values of 23 energy products which are now used for the
compilation of energy statistics and balances.
13
Net Calorific Values for some energy products in Azerbaijan
Best practice
№
Kind of energy products
Net Calorific Values (Gj/metric tons)
By Azerbaijan
Upper
Lower
By world
Upper
Lower
1. Crude oil
43,1
45,3
40,1
44,8
2. Gasoline
43,2
46,3
42,5
44,8
3. Aviation gasoline
43,4
46,5
42,5
44,8
4. Jet fuel
43,2
46,2
42,0
44,8
5. Diesel oil
42,7
45,5
41,4
43,3
6. Kerosene
43,1
46,1
42,4
45,0
7. Fuel oil (low-sulphur)
42,5
45,4
39,8
41,7
8. Fuel oil (high-sulphur)
41,2
43,8
39,8
41,7
9. Natural gas (cubic meter)
35,9
38,9
36,0
39,02
47,4
52,4
44,8
52,2
10. LPG
14
Thank you for attention!
15