THE 2004 LIVING CONDITIONS
MONITORING SURVEY : ZAMBIA
EXTENT TO WHICH GENDER WAS
INCORPORATED
presented at the Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Accra Ghana, 26-28
January 2009
Presentation Lay Out
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Introduction
Objectives of the survey
Sample design methodology
Gender integration strategy
Findings
Objectives of the survey
• Monitor the impact of Government policies, programmes and
donor support on the well being of the Zambian population
• Monitor poverty and its distribution in Zambia
• Provide various users with a set of reliable indicators against which
to monitor development
• Provide province specific poverty profiles using different poverty
lines
• Identify vulnerable groups in society and enhance targeting in policy
formulation and implementation
• Provide data required for estimating Gross Domestic Products’
(GDP) household final consumption
• Provide data required for developing new national and province
specific weights for the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
Introduction
• The LCMS arose out of the need to monitor the living
conditions of the people after government started
implementing the Structural Adjustment Programme
meant to reform the economy in the 1990’s
• The SAP policies adversely affected the people- rising
poverty trends and deteriorating socio-economic
conditions
• Four LCMS have conducted since 1996, to monitor the
impact of various government and donor policies and
programmes: 1996, 1998, 2002/3, 2004
Sample Design Methodology
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Sample, 1048 SEA’s and 20,000 households
Nationwide
Covered both rural and urban areas
Data collected by way of personal interviews
using structured questionnaire
Gender Integration
• A distinction was made between male headed
households and female headed households
• Questionnaire designed to capture
information for males and females
Some summary results
Demographic Characteristics of the population
• Estimate population 10.9 million
• Concentrated in rural areas at 61 percent ; 39
percent in urban areas
• No significant difference in the proportion of
males and females, almost equal proportions
• 22 percent female –headed households
Some Summary results cont’
Education
• School attendance rates among children of primary
school age marginally higher for female children (80
percent) than for male children at (78 percent)
• School attendance among students of secondary
school age was higher for males ( 84 percent)
compared to ( 79 percent ) for females
• School attendance for post secondary, 36 percent for
males and 18 percent for females, suggesting a greater
drop-out rate for females at secondary school level and
higher
Some summary results cont’
Migration
• Out of a total population of 10,992,538, 4 percent
involved in migration
• Of those involved, 3 percent males, 4 percent
females
• More female migrants than males in the age
group 20-24; 6 percent for females and 4 percent
for males
• More male migrants than females in the age
group 25-29; 6 percent for males and 5 percent
for females
Some summary results cont’
Health
• 10 percent of the total population reported an
illness two weeks preceding the survey
• Of these, 11 percent female and 10 percent male
• The most common reported illness was malaria
• 56 percent of the total population that reported
an illness consulted a doctor. No difference in the
proportion of males and females that consulted
Some summary results cont’
Economic Activity
• Out of a total population aged 12 years and above, 64
percent constitute the labour force, of which 67 were male
and 60 percent were female
• 81 percent of employed persons were engaged in the
informal sector
• Informal sector employment common among females (90
percent) than males (74 percent)
• Of all persons employed in informal sector, 82 percent were
in the informal agriculture while 18 percent were in
informal non-agriculture
• More females engaged in the informal agriculture (83
percent) than males at 80 percent
Some summary results cont’
Household Income
• Mean monthly income for a household in
Zambia for persons aged five years and above
was K502,030 ( about $100 current rate)
• Mean monthly income for male-headed
household was 535 790 ($107)
• Mean monthly income for female-headed
household was 382,314 ($76)
Some summary results cont’
Poverty Analysis
• 68 percent of the population lived below the
poverty line
• Of these 71 percent were female headed
while 66 percent were male headed
households
Gaps
• No sex disaggregated data in the report on
some issues on which data was collected
• Lack of focused and in-depth sex
disaggregated data on all issues on which data
was collected
Conclusion
• Need to train statisticians at all levels in
gender statistics
• Need to involve users at questionnaire design,
analysis and report writing