Training Course on the System of Environmental-EconomicAccounting for Water Resources (SEEAW) –New-York 13-17 Nov 2006
“Pilot Compilation of the SEEAW in China”
Session 6- Asset Accounts :
•From the basic hydrological information to the asset accounts
•Water Infrastructures
Implementation of
Physical Water Accounts
By
Jean-Michel Chéné
UN-DESA-DSD
in collaboration with
Jean Margat
Objective
GLOBAL INFORMATION AND DEBATE
NATIONAL WATER POLICY
Decision
Making
Reporting
Water
Management
Integrated
Information
Measurements
Analysis of policy needs
Monitoring
Water Accounts,
Models
GIS, Evaluat.qual.
Implementation of
Physical Water Accounts
1- Identification of needs and of the base line
2-International experiences
3-Implementation principles
4- Hydraulic Infrastructures Asset Account
5-Proposed next steps
6-Conclusions and recommendations
1- Identification of needs / Base line
The lack of basic data and statistics, both qualitative and quantitative,
Constraints to overcome :
1.
information is either not available or often scattered
2.
observation networks have often deteriorated in many parts of the
world over the past decade and, in most developing countries,
databases are inadequate;
3.
4.
lack of financial and human resources, poor information sharing;
water resources data is often collected in isolation of other
relevant socioeconomic and environmental variables at the basin
level;
5.
data are collected and compiled using alternative definitions and
classifications across the various data producers, thus rendering
the existing datasets incomparable;
Data collection and processing
Usually sources of data comes from :
• monitoring by hydro-meteorological services;
• observations made by science and research
institutes in the in the field of geography,
geodesy and hydrology;
• regular survey of withdraws, consumption and
discharges
•
special household surveys
• annual technical - economical report by basin,
regional, communal services….
• Data per unit of production
• Socio-economic data by economic unit
• …………………………..IT…….
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF HYDRO DATA COMPILATION
Table Asset accounts
Territory:
Unit: hm3
Period:
Matrix of flux within the environment
Evapotranspiration
Precipitation
Atmosphere
Territory of Reference
Inland Water Resource System
upstream
basins and
aquifers
outside
the territory
of reference
Surface water
(rivers, lakes, snow
ice and glaciers)
Soil water
Natural
transfers
Inflows
Outflows
infiltration
lt in
Sa
s
tru
Groundwater
infiltration
ion
Ou
tflo
w
downstream
basins and
aquifers
outside
the territory
of reference
s
Sea
Returns
Abstraction
Sea
Economy
Matrix of natural flux within the environment
Matrix of manmade induced flux within the
environment
Matrix of flux within the Economy
Atmosphere
Territory of Reference
Returns
Returns
Abstraction
Returns
Abstraction
In situ use of
precipitation
Abstraction
Inland Water Resource System
Evapotranspiration
Sea
Sea
Re
Sewage and refuse
disposal...
Ab
n
io
ct
ra
st
R
et
ur
ns
s
turn
Households
Other Industries
(incl. Agriculture)
RoW
Economy
Imports
Collection, purification
and distribution of water;
Transport via pipeline
RoW
Economy
Exports
Economy
Matrix of flux within the Economy
GPS, digitalization, GIS and classification of basic
Infrastructures
Aggregation and exchange of data
DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DISAGGREGATION
NATIONAL
BASIN
PROGRAMMATIC
UNIT
Table1
Subject 1
Table1
Subject 1.1
Table1
Subject 1.1.1 Table1
Subject 1.1.1.1
2-International experiences
•
•
•
•
Nordic countries
Australia
Developing countries
France 1981
GERMANY 1995
Water flow between nature and the economy, and
within the economy ,
mn m³
Abstraction from
nature
Foreign and rain
water 5,273
43,636
Ground, spring, and surface water, bank filtrate
48,909
6,448
8
Water supply 1)6,448
Distribution
47
2,339
124
Production/
consumption
37,141
3,266
8
711
Final consumption
of households
Other
production
5,273
3,313
39,480
285
250
1,635
152
2,930
Waste water disposal
329
9,962
4,689
Disposal
Exports less
imports
of water
35,801
1,715
Water
incorporation
into less water
removal from
other
materials
177
Discharge
into nature
48,724
Foreign
and
rain water
5,273
Losses in
water
distribution 711
Evaporation
and
other
2,000
losses
Waste water
indirectly
discharged
4,689
Waste water
directly
discharged
36,051
MOLDOVA : HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM FLOW ACCOUNT 1994
INLAND WATER ACCOUNTS / RESOURCE ACCOUNTS IN RAW QUANTITIES
T2 - HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM FLOWS ACCOUNT (INPUT-OUTPUT TABLE)
YEAR : 1994 - COUNTRY : REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
-
UNIT : Mm³
T2A - TOTAL INPUT AND OUTPUT TO THE (FROM THE) HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM
w1
Soil &
vegetation
f11
Precipitation
f12
Outside natural influents
f311
Returns of lost water (incl. leaks)
f312
Returns of waste water
f321
Irrigation
f23 A
SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL INPUT
D
TOTAL INPUT TO THE HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM
f23B
SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL OUTPUT
f34
Primary withdrawals (extraction…)
f16
Evapo-transpiration
f131
Natural outflows towards territories (regions, basins…)
f132
Natural outflows towards the sea
w2
w3
Groundwater
Snow & ice
13635,5
"
w4
Lakes &
reservoirs
210,2
w5
TOTAL
Rivers
168,2
14013,9
9000,0
10100,0
81,1
1763,3
1844,4
310,0
2123,0
2453,0
13054,5
29250,3
65,5
20,0
2453,0
264,5
2452,6
2717,1
332,8
13472,0
10000,0
11379,1
1100,0
218,0
218,0
621,0
14256,5
621,0
1709,1
2367,5
210,2
12723,3
415,9
1379,1
E
WITHDRAWALS AND FINAL OUTPUT
F
CHANGES IN STOCKS (NET ACCUMULATION OF WATER) = (H - E)
G
TOTAL OUTPUT FROM THE WATER SYSTEM AND NET
ACCUMULATION = (f23B + E + F)
H
GLOBAL AVAILABLE ANNUAL RESOURCE = (D - f23B)
12723,3
1643,6
-834,3
415,9
12785,4
27568,2
-205,7
249,1
-770,9
14256,5
1709,1
210,2
13054,5
29250,3
11889,0
1643,6
210,2
13034,5
26797,3
T2B - INTERNAL TRANFERS BETWEEN HYDROLOGICAL SUB-SYSTEMS
w1
to recipient
from origin
w1
Soil & vegetation
w2
Groundwater
w3
Snow & ice
w4
Lakes & reservoirs
w5
Rivers
f23 A
SPONTANEOUS INTERNAL INPUT
Soil &
vegetation
w2
Groundwater
w3
w4
Snow & ice
Lakes &
reservoirs
310,0
"
"
"
f23B
w5
Rivers
SPONTANEOU
S INTERNAL
OUTPUT
2057,5
2367,5
65,5
65,5
2123,0
2453,0
"
20,0
330,0
20,0
France’s Physical Water Account 1981
France’s Physical Water Account 1981
o
Pilot Water
Accounting in a
sub-basin in
Morocco
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN MOROCCO
Phase 1: (implemented)
• Identification Mission
• National workshop – Training on WA
• Pilot compilation of water resource accounts for one subbasin
• Validation workshop with stakeholders
Phase 2: ( still not implemented)
• Resource mobilization …
• Drafting of a guidance document (on-going)
• Compilation of water resource accounts in the other
basins and integration of the accounts at the national
level
• Preparation of a publication on the results of the project
to be used as an example for other countries.
ENABLING INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Results on the pilot sub-basin
• informational and methodological
difficulties were encountered, mainly on
the monetary account.
• From a physical point of view, the SEEAW
can, with a better intergovernmental
coordination, be used for the compilation
of the water accounts per basin. However,
certain gaps in the data are observed
related to the water quality, the ground
water and to some assessments of water
uses.
The regional workshop on Integrated Water Resource Accounting in Morocco
was organized by the Government of Morocco and UNDESA (DSD- SD) has
recommended :
• To expand the pilot compilation at the sub-basin
level to the whole Oum-Er-Rbia river basin, and to
extend, after validation at the national level, the
water accounts to all river basins within Morocco,
with the objective of establishing a national satellite
water accounts to be obtained by aggregation;
• To take the necessary steps to institutionalize the
National Committee for Water Accounts;
• That the Ministry in charge of Water recognizes the
water accounts as an important and useful tool for
the monitoring and integrated management of water
resources in Morocco and establish the
implementation of water accounting as a priority in
future action programmes of River Basin Agencies,
as well as in its own training and action-research
programmes at the central level;
• To prepare, with the support of UNDESA a project on
building capacity in the country to ensure the
successful implementation of water accounts;
• To prepare a special study analyzing the
institutional, technical and organizational issues for
establishing water accounts by river-basin in the
whole country;
• To establish water accounts within the regular
programme of work of the government
administrations, businesses or offices dealing with
water, and in particular of regional administrations
and River Basin Agencies.
3-Implementation Principles
See the available paper on the
“implementation of physical water accounts”
Asset accounts (flows and stocks) of :
• water resources and its utilizations;
and, on an indicative basis (in Annex 1),
• infrastructures.
The following issues are addressed:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Place of the water accounts in the water information system;
Methodological prerequisites;
Elaboration of measured accounting data;
Deduction of calculated accounting data;
Preparatory documentation;
Operation strategy and work organization;
Means called upon.
Methodological prerequisites
• Reference territory – reference period –
accounting unit
• Two different type of data within tables :
 Measured data (from independent sources)
Calculated data (dependent of previous data : summation,
coefficients…)
Preparatory documentation
•
General geography and cartography
Total area of the reference territory / occupation of lands,
General map with location of the main hydraulic infrastructures (dam reservoirs, in- outlets, diversion canals)
and main utilization areas (agglomerations, industries, irrigation and drainage perimeter, collectors etc.).
•
•
Isohyetal maps (average annual rainfall) with the location of measurement stations, and possibly
a map with rainfall data on the year of reference.
Hydrographic map
Watercourses ranked by the average size of its trenches;
Location of lakes and reservoirs;
Location of possible humid zones;
Location of discharge measurement stations (hydrometric) and of the sampling for the analysis.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Climatologic maps
Hydro-geologic maps, with the representation of the main aquifer systems and classification of
the outcropped lithologic areas.
Soil maps showing the extension of cultivable land, grazing land and forest areas
Hydro-climatologic data
Hydrographic statistics
Hydrologic data
Hydrographic data
(Hydro-chemical data on the quality variables of water: for quality accounts)
Hydraulic data
–
–
–
•
Characteristics of all relevant hydraulic infrastructures for water production Area of each reservoir (on
average) or the relation between area and water level (graph) in case of significant variation; and table of
average daily or monthly areas for the calculation of losses due to evaporation.
Water volume of each reservoir at initial and final date.
Volumes of possible dam releases and losses by infiltration of each reservoir.
Hydro-economic data on the ex-situ usage
Elaboration of “measured”
accounting data
• Initial and final stock
• Exterior input and output from the
environment
• Internal transfers within the environment,
resulting from the dynamics of the resource
system or induced by manmade
arrangements,
• Exchanges between the environment and the
economy
• Internal transfers between different
categories of economical entities
Deduction of “calculated” accounting data
Examples :
1) By summation -
examples :
– the stocks of soil water and of groundwater are
calculated using water balances;
– precipitation of soil water calculated by difference
– the transfers of soil water to rivers and to
groundwater.
– Exchanges between the environment and the
economy deducted from the “measured” data from
the ad hoc rows in Supply and Use Tables
2) By Use of coefficients to get “calculated” data
from “observed” data.
Example of table of coefficients
Operation strategy and
work organization
1.
2.
Preparatory documentation,
Elaboration of the “measured data” and the ad hoc
filling in of the different tables and matrixes.
3. Calculation of the “calculated data”
4. Summation of the water use and water supply tables
5. Final calculation into table 1: “Asset accounts (water
resources stock; inflow-outflow
Soil water evapotranspiration = Precipitation – Transfer to
rivers and groundwater
6. Verification and adjustment of the general equilibrium of
each accounting table. Difficulties in creating an
equilibrium can raise doubts on the validity of
certain data and lead to a revision of the figures
and may require to go back to the sources.
Means called upon.
•
Political will
•
Institutional environment
•
•
•
•
Experimental stage.
Legal environment
Human resources
An adequate level of subsidiarity.
•
•
Adequate educational programs must be conceived
Communication
•
Distribution of the results
The same tool can also be used to perform long-term simulations on the basis
of collectively chosen scenarios.
•
Financial means and sustainability
•
Monitoring and evaluation
4-Infrastructures Asset Account
Schematic presentation of the proposed hydraulic infrastructure asset
account for each type of infrastructure and group of age (residual
value / monetary account) :
Ex of groups of age
New
Infrastructures
: 0-5 ; 6-10 ; 11-25 ; 26- infinity
Stock age group X
Functional units
Breaking down of infrastructure
Stock age group X
Dysfunctional units
Other increase of
infrastructure
Other increase of
infrastructure
Rehabilitation of infrastructure
Aba
ndon
ing of
infrastr
ucture
Other
decreas
e of
infrastr
ucture
Aba
ndon
ing of
infrastr
ucture
Other
decreas
e of
infrastr
ucture
benefits of building an hydraulic
infrastructure asset account
Especially evident for developing countries (MDG) . Example of indicators that
can be derived from this new kind of asset table :
•
progress in number of population having effectively access to safe water
supply (geographic distribution of this indicator and mapping)
•
progress in number of population having effectively access to basic
sanitation (geographic distribution of this indicator and mapping)
•
above progress of impacts in relation with quality of maintenance and
services
•
progress in water quality in relation with the stock of operational waste
water treatment stations ---> policy monitoring
Progress in water use efficiency / new hydraulic infrastructures
•
•
evolution of the value of the stock of each type of infrastructures versus
costs of investments versus economic, social and environmental impacts.
•
One key basis for measuring progress towards
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
5- Proposed next steps
Recent recommendations of CSD-13 (04-2005) :
“…develop and strengthen national monitoring systems
•
Establishing and managing water information systems;
•
Installing networks for monitoring water resources and
quality;
•
Standardizing methodologies and developing monitoring
indicators;
•
Disseminating information to relevant stakeholders.”
5- Proposed next steps
1- Technical Cooperation arrangements : at the request of the Gvt
an advisory mission of DSD can be organized.
2- Drafting
of a UN guidance document on
implementation in practice.
The document will provide hands-on guidance on how to compile the
accounts on the basis of the experience gained in the compilation of
the accounts for some pilot sub-basins. The document would serve
as a training tool for the compilation of the accounts in the other
basins of the voluntary country, with the support of existing
institutions, institutes and organizations, at all levels, including basin
agencies when available.
It could be used later on as a training tool between developing
countries (South-South cooperation) within an UN framework.
6 Conclusions and recommendations
•
Integrated water accounts, when disaggregated and
when expanded (infrastructures, social and
environmental dimensions) should constitute a central
and powerful part of a national integrated water
information system.
•
Within a national policy and strategy, effective decisions and
actions for sustainable water development and management
can mainly be conducted at the district and main river-basin
levels within a country. This calls for the collection of data,
and use of water accounts, at those basin levels, with
participation of several administrations and contribution of
generally fragmented databases.
•
The regular use of GIS and of scientific hydro-system
modeling (updated each 5 years) can be a necessity, as well
as targeted researches on distributed “coefficients”.
•
Simulation of futur development scenari by using the
structure of water accounts could be easily explored, when
built and reliable.