London Group on Environmental and Economic Accounting
Brussels, Belgium, 30 September 2008
Harmonisation of the Definitions of
Flows and Products:
The Contribution of the InterEnerStat Initiative
Jean-Yves Garnier
Head, Energy Statistics Division
International Energy Agency
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Why a need for harmonising definitions and
strengthening cooperation
 Avoiding/reducing the differences between
statistics published by various organisations
 Reducing
Secretaria de Energía
Mexico
the reporting burden passed to countries
UN
Crude Oil Production for Mexico (in
kbd)
1995 1996 1997 1998
© OECD/IEA, 2008
APEC
IEA
OLADE
OPEC
UN
2653
2741
2722
2618
2834
2903
2872
2969
2858
2977
3087
3062
3022
3022
3166
3134
3109
3070
3071
3210
The JODI Initiative: A first attempt to harmonise oil
definitions and to strengthen cooperation
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
Joint questionnaire
with harmonised
definitions
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
CTY
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Start simple: one key to success
JOINT APERC/EUROSTAT/OECD-IEA/ OLADE/OPEC/UN
DATA EXERCISE
A Simple Format (42 data points)
Country:
Month:
Unit:
Petroleum Products
Crude Oil
LPG
Gasoline Kerosene
Gas/Diesel
Fuel Oil Total Oil
Oil
Month -1 and MonthRefinery
-2 Output
Production
Imports
Imports
Exports
Exports
Stocks
Closing
Change
Refinery Intake
Stocks
Choice of units left to organisations
Closing
Change
Demand
Simple Definitions
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Harmonisation and Cooperation is a long Process
Doha
May 06
Riyadh
Nov 05
Launch of the JODI Database
Amst.
May 04
Bali
Oct 04
Cairo
Oct 03
Mexico
May 02
Riyadh
Nov. 01
Bangkok
Apr 01
Madrid
July 00
Riyadh
Nov 00
Paris
Nov 00
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Vienna
May 01
Vienna
Oct 01
Luxem.
Jan 02
Vienna
Apr 02
Osaka
Sep 02
Paris
July 02
Vienna
Jan 03
Paris
Dec 03
Riyadh
Jan 05
Paris
Jul 05
Paris
Nov 05
Luxem.
Jan 06
N York
May 06
Riyadh
Nov 06
Vienna
Sep 06
Vienna
Jun 04
Amst.
May 04
International Energy
Forum Conferences
Mexico
May 02
JODI Conferences
Paris
Dec 03
Inter-Secretariat Working
Group Meetings
Paris
Nov 07
Since the launch, the JODI database is
updated every month
Although still imperfect, the database has started
to be used by analysts and oil companies
© OECD/IEA, 2008
What has JODI changed
 How Statistics is Viewed by Policy Makers and
Analysts
 Policy makers and analysts have realised that building a detailed,
timely and reliable global database on oil supply and demand
cannot happen overnight.
 It involves political commitment, a great deal of cooperation
between companies, countries and organisations. It also needs
proper resources.
 The place and role of statistics and statisticians have certainly
benefited from JODI
 International Cooperation
On 19 November 2005, King
Abdullah launched the JODI
database live on internet
 JODI has contributed to strengthen links between organisations:
The strong cooperation between APEC and the IEA is a
great example of the strengthening of the links
 InterEnerStat: JODI has created a momentum to further
strengthen international cooperation not only on oil statistics but
on all energy statistics
© OECD/IEA, 2008
A short background
 At the 36th Session of the UN Statistical
Commission, energy was in the spotlight of
the Commission
 This led to the Ad-hoc Energy Group Meeting
on 23-25 May 2005 organised by UNSD in
New York
 This subsequently led to the recommendation
to establish
 A City Group (the Oslo City Group)
 An Inter Secretariat Working Group (InterEnerStat)
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The 1st InterEnerStat Workshop
 Date: 22-23 November 2005
 Place: International Energy Agency, Paris
 Participants: 24 major regional and international
organisations. Both data providers (IEA, UNSD, OPEC,
Eurostat, FAO) and users (WB, IMF, UNFCCC,…)
 Objectives:
 To hear from each organisation what they do, what are
their problems and their expectations for more
co-operation
 To pave the way for more harmonisation and for
strengthening bilateral and international co-operation
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Two Clear Requests
Harmonisation
 Methodologies
Co-operation
 Definitions
 Raising political
awareness
 Units
 Harmonisation
 Conversion factors
 Joint Questionnaires
 Harmonised demands
and questionnaires
 Joint Training
 Handbooks and
manuals
 Training
 Quality framework
© OECD/IEA, 2008
 Common manuals
 Joint quality
assessment
 Exchange of data
The first step was to collect from each organisation
its own set of definitions
UN
FAO
OAPEC
EUROSTAT
WORLD BANK
OPEC
The
2nd step was to assemble them in a transparent way easy to access
Preparation of a joint website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
An overview of the InterEnerStat website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
An overview of the InterEnerStat website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
An overview of the InterEnerStat website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
An overview of the InterEnerStat website
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The 2nd InterEnerStat Workshop
19-20 November 2007, IEA, Paris
 Comments on the website
 Decision to hire an independent expert to
look at flows and products definitions
and propose “compromise” definitions
 Other actions
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Current status on InterEnerStat
The expert has prepared a set of compromise
definitions
The set of definitions are being circulated to all
organisations for comments
Organise meetings by fuel for concerned
organisations to discuss findings
(end October 2008)
Try to get an overall agreement on most (all) of
the definitions
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Sample of proposed compromised definitions
Oil
A group of liquid hydrocarbons of fossil origins comprising Crude (that is, unprocessed) oil and fully or partly processed products from
the processing of Crude oil. Functionally similar liquid hydrocarbons and organic chemicals from vegetal or animal origins are identified
separately within oil under liquid biofuels.
Crude Oil
Crude oil is a mineral oil of fossil origin extracted from underground reservoirs and which comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons and
associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and usually flows to
the surface under the pressure of the reservoir. The physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable.
In its marketable state crude oil may include field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is
commingled with the commercial crude oil stream.
Crude oil may also be extracted from reservoirs containing heavy oils or tar sands which need heating or emulsifying in situ before they
can be brought to the surface.
Natural Gas Liquids (NGL)
NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from wet (associated or non-associated) natural gas in separation facilities or gas
processing plants. See entry for natural gas for an explanation of some of the terms used here.
Natural gas liquids comprise ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as
natural gasoline or plant condensate).
NGL may be distilled with crude oil in refineries, blended with refined petroleum products or used directly depending on their
characteristics.
Do not confuse NGL with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).
Refinery Feedstock
A product from crude oil refining or the processing of hydrocarbons in the petrochemical industry which is destined for further processing
in the refinery excluding blending.
Additives/Oxygenates
Additives and oxygenates are non-hydrocarbon compounds added to or blended with a product to modify fuel properties (octane, cetane,
cold properties, etc.):
•oxygenates, such as alcohols (methanol, ethanol), ethers (such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether),
TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether));
•esters (e.g. rapeseed or dimethylester, etc.);
•chemical compounds (such as TML, TEL and detergents).
Liquid Biofuels
Liquid biofuels are derived from organic matter and used as complete or partial substitutes for petroleum products at the point of use.
The most common liquid biofuels are biogasoline and biodiesel.
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Cooperation and harmonisation are progressing
much more than one could think
The
Website
In fact, a lot of
work took place in
each organisation
and between
organisations
Harmonisation
Manuals
Statistics Law
Training
Dissemination
©
©OECD/IEA,
OECD/IEA,2008
2008
Manuals
Organisations can work together on joint
manuals, e.g. the IEA/OECD/Eurostat Manual
English
French
German
Spanish
Russian
Chinese
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Turkish
Manuals
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The JODI Manual is another example of
harmonisation and cooperation
Organisations can work together on joint training
sessions, e.g. the JODI training programme
3rd JODI
Training
-----23-26 10/07
-----IEFS
IEA
OPEC
UNSD
IMF
Caspian
Sea
4thJODI
Training
-----09/08
-----IEFS
APEC
IEA
Algiers
Caracas
Bangkok
1st
JODI
Training
-----14-19/08/06
-----OLADE
IEFS
IEA
OPEC
UNSD
IMF
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Johannesburg
2nd JODI
Training
-----29/01-2/02/07
-----IEFS
Eurostat
IEA
OPEC
IMF
The ultimate goal would be to have one questionnaire
common to all countries and organisations
UN
EUROSTAT
FAO
OAPEC
?
WORLD BANK
OPEC
Dream or reality?
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Harmonisation passes by
an agreement on key points
Term to be harmonised Comments
Definitions
Not so easy – eg:crude oil production
Units
Easy in principle – conversion factors
Questionnaires
Related to definitions but also to level of
detail
Methodology
Depending on convention adopted
e.g. TPES vs. TPER
Processing
Who processes what
(e.g. Mexico: APEC, OECD, OLADE, UNSD)
Quality checks/standards
Essential for sake of comparability/level of
confidence
Dissemination
Should be easy… when all the other
points have been agreed
© OECD/IEA, 2008
The primary purpose of energy statistics is to
support the work of energy policy makers:
the example of the IEA
US$/bl
80
Therefore, definitions of energy flows and products
70
are specific to energy analysts and policy makers
60
50
40
30
20
10
 Production
 Imports/Exports
 Stocks
 End-Use
 Socio-Economic
 Production
 Consumption
 Transformation
 Diversity
(gas, coal, electricity)
 Security of supply
 Security

Security of demand
 Price
 Dependency
 Oil prices at $37/bl
 Efficiency
 Efficiency
 Efficiency
 Emissions
 Energy intensity vs energy efficiency
 Stocks (levels, changes)
Establishment
of the IEA
Prices
escalating
 Imports and exports (definition varies from fuel to
Kyoto Protocol
fuel)
Rio Summit
2nd Oil Crisis
1st Oil Crisis
© OECD/IEA, 2008
20
07
20
05
20
03
20
01
19
99
19
97
19
95
19
93
19
91
19
89
19
87
19
85
19
83
19
81
19
79
19
77
19
75
19
73
19
71
0
Most of the services in charge of energy
statistics are not the national statistics offices
Example of the IEA




Observatoire de l’Energie for France
Energy Information Administration for US
METI for Japan
Only a few countries have appointed their statistics
offices as data providers
The same applies to other organisations
 OLADE for Latin America
 APEC for Asia-Pacific
 OPEC for oil exporting countries
© OECD/IEA, 2008
What does this mean in terms of priority and
harmonisation?
Priority is to harmonise definitions and methodologies between
organisations dealing with energy statistics and energy matters
Thus, initiatives such as JODI or InterEnerStat
This does not mean that there is no room for harmonising with
other sectors of activities (the cooperation with IPCC or CO2
emissions from fuel combustion is a good example of such
harmonisation)
However, this should be done in the full respect of the priority
mission of energy statistics which is to offer energy analysts
and policy makers all the necessary information to conduct their
analyses and launch their policies
It is our sincere hope that InterEnerStat will contribute to
harmonising definitions (and methodologies) between energy
organisations which could then be used for building interfaces
and bridges with other sectors in the respect of each other’s
interest and mission
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Thank you