Federal Statistical Office of Germany
London Group Meeting – New York, 19-21 June 2006
The German sectoral reporting module on transport
and environment
Walther Adler / Karl Schoer
Federal Statistical Office Germany, Environmental-Economic Accounting
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Overview
1 Goals
2 Methodology
3 Analysis
2.1 Transport’s share on environmental pressures
2.2 The environmental efficiency of transport
2.3 Decomposition of change of the transport-related
environmental pressures
2.4 Decomposition of change of freight transport
performance
2.5 Econometric modelling of environmental-economic
effects of transport
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Goals of the Project
-Sectoral reporting modules: deepening (disaggregation of
existing variables) and enhancing (inclusion of new variables) of
the EEA-standard data-set in order to obtain more detailed and
integrated accounting data on issues that are especially policy
relevant.
-Mobility is a important topic of sustainable development policy
-There strong interlinkages between transport and other SD
topics (need for integrated accounting data)
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Methodology 1
- Definition: motorised transportation of people and freight
over land and water, and in the air.
-Integration: transport data a accounting satellite system
(same concepts, definitions, classifications) = mainly
reformatting of existing data
- Accounting concepts for transport:
Production perspective (who is the produces of the
transport service?): production of transport services
by resident units (homogeneous branches in a
NAMEA-type breakdown / mode of transport)
Use perspective (who is the user of the transport
service?): transport of goods for intermediate or final
use (in a NAMEA-type breakdown) on the economic
territory
-Variables: Kilometres driven, passenger and freight transport
performance, transport related energy use, transport related air
emissions, land use (transport area)
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
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Methodology 2
Calculation method (so far only production perspective):
Example road transport: Starting point: stock of vehicles in a detailed
breakdown by type and technical classes as well as by type of
owner.
The ownership classification is transformed into the
classification of economic activities (production branches,
private households) of the national accounts by using various
data which are available in the National Accounts on asset
stocks and burden distributions of mineral oil tax.
Those stock data are the basis for assigning the flow
information on kilometres covered, transport performance,
energy and emissions to the economic activities.
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Transport-related environmental burdens 2001
by passenger and freight transport
Share of transport in total economy in %
Passenger transport
Energy
consumption
Freight transport
18,1
Greenhouse
gasses
17,3
19,5
CO2
48,2
NOx
2,5
SOx
NMVOC
Land use for
housing
and transport
16,0
39,0
0
20
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
40
60 %
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Environmental intensity of freight transport by modes of transport,
including electricity generation for rail 1)
Environmental burdens per freight traffic output
Road2)
Rail
Inland waterways
2001
Gigajoule / mill. tkm
1 961
450
197
Energy
Change
2001 as against 1995
in %
-6,0
-18,7
-46,4
t CO2-equivalents / mill. tkm
141
27
14
Greenhouse gasses
-7,4
-12,8
-47,7
t / mill. tkm
-7,3
-12,7
139
CO2
26
14
-47,6
kg / mill. tkm
888
NOx
114
199
-32,4
-22,3
-46,9
kg / mill. tkm
21
SO2
17
2
-82,7
-67,2
-87,3
kg / mill. tkm
-65,6
155
13
-23,2
NMVOC
34
-46,6
1) Conversion losses and emissions in electricity generation for traction of rail engines 2) not incl. light commercial vehicles up to 3.5 tonnes permissible total weight
and not incl. special vehicles.
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Energy intensity of land freight transport by homogeneous branches
Environmental burdens per freight traffic output
Changes
2001 as against 1995
in %
2001
Gigajoules / mill. tkm
2 024 Products of agriculture, forestry
and fishing
2 436
0,2
Mining
-5,2
Manufacturing
2 282
2 436
2 446
Electricity, gas and
water supply
-2,1
-17,9
4,1
Construction
2 040
Trade
-6,5
1 971 Other services (not incl. transport)
-3,6
Transport, storage and communication
-4,9
All homogeneous branches
-5,5
1 174
1 437
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Energy consumption of freight transport1)
Change 2001 as against 1995 by effects
of various influencing factors
Effect of energy intensity of freight transport
Effect of sector structure of freight transport
Effect of transport volume of freight transport
- 11,3
Energy
consumption
in PJ
- 45,0
87,8
-30
0
30
60
90
1) Modes of transport road, rail and inland shipping, not incl. light commercial vehicles
up to 3.5 tonnes permissible total weight and not incl. special vehicles.
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Decomposition analysis of freight transport performance
The freight transport performance itself can be depicted as a mathematical product
of five factors:
FTP GDP

VAM TSM TONS
FTP



GDP VAM
TSM
TONS
Scale effect: Change of GDP at constant prices.
Degree of tertiarisation (service sector share): gross value added of material
production to total production (VAM / GDP).
Factual division of labour in the material production: relationship between total supply
of material goods in monetary units to the gross value added of material goods
production (TSM/VAM).
Degree of refining of the transported goods: total weight of the transported goods is
related to the total supply of material goods in monetary terms (TONS/TSM).
Spatial differentiation of economic activities: freight transport performance to total
freight volume in tonnes (FTP/TONS).
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Freight transport performance of land transport
Change 2001 as against 1995 by effects
of various influencing factors
Degree of refining
Tertiarisation
Scale
Factual division of labour
Spatial differentiation of economic activities
Freight transport
performance
in mill. tkm
44 959
- 138 185
-300 000
- 43 302
- 150 000
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
101 905 114 424
0
150 000
300 000
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
German sustainability indicators: business-as-usual forecast
Indicator
Intensity of passenger transport
Intensity of goods transport
Share of rail transport to total goods transport
performance
Energy productivity
Green house gas emissions
Air pollution
Increase of the settlement and traffic area
Unit
1991
2000
2010
2020
1999=100
1999=100
102.9
90.6
94.7
99.8
84.9
102.8
77.1
106.4
in %
1990=100
1990=100
1990=100
hectare per
day
Euro
in %
20.0
104.6
95.6
85.7
15.1
122.5
81.2
50.2
13.3
137.7
78.8
44.5
11.6
170.5
78.1
38.9
119.7
21312
65.8
129.2
23943
65.5
93.4
27034
67.2
81.5
32010
73.2
3.0
23.8
-1.3
21.7
3.3
17.3
2.7
15.6
Gross domestic product per capita
Employment ratio
Increase of budget deficit
in % of GDP
in % of GDP
Capital formation ratio
Source: Gesellschaft für wirtschaftliche Strukturforschung
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Simulation of the effect of doubling the road toll for heavy goods vehicles
2010
Intensity of goods transport (1999=100)
Share of rail transport to total goods transport
performance (%)
CO2-emissions (million tons)
GDP per capita (Euro 1995)
Employment (1000)
Source: Gesellschaft für wirtschahftliche Strukturforschung
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006
2020
-3.3
-3.6
1.6
-2.7
16.0
10.0
1.8
-2.9
34.0
28.0
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Thank you!
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental-Economical Accounting, 2006