Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Sustainable Development Indicators and
Environmental-Economic Accounting
Karl Schoer
Federal Statistical Office Germany
E-mail: karl.schoer@destatis.de
Paper presented at the Meeting of the UNCEEA
New York 23-24 June 2006
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Measuring the „sustainability gap“
Sustainability gap
Simple indicator approach
Accounting approach
Adjusted macro-economic
aggregates
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Integrated indicator
approach
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Two separate worlds
Indicators
Political
relevance
Accounts
Communication/visualization,
performance control
SDI
Theoretical
foundation,
system
description,
integration
Accounting
SNA, EEA, SEA
Primary data
Primary data
Policy makers
stakeholders, statisticians
Accountants
statisticians
scientists (modelers)
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Integrated
analysis,
formulation
of measures,
balancing
conflicting
goals
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
The policy cycle
Problem description
Analysis
Measures
Performance control
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Integration of the German sustainability indicators into the accounting data set
7
20 21
National Accounts
6
8
10
1
11
2
4
13
9
12
Environmental
Economic
Accounts
15
17
19
5
16
14
18
3
Socio-economic
Accounts
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
1 Productivity of energy and raw materials
2 Emissions of greenhouse gases
3 The proportion of renewable energy sources
in overall energy consumption
4 Increase in land use for housing and
transport
5 Development of stocks of specified animal
species
6 Balance of public sector financing
7 Private- and public-sector expenditure on
research and development
8 Capital-outlay ratio
9 Educational outcomes for 25-year-olds and
number of new students
10 Gross domestic product
11 Transport intensity and share of the railways
in providing transport
12 Proportion of ecological agriculture and
general statement on nitrogen surplus
13 Air pollution
14 Satisfaction with health
15 Number of burglaries
16 Labour force participation rate
17 Full time children care facilities
18 Relationship between male and female gross
annual earnings
19 Number of foreign school-leavers who have
not completed secondary school
20 Expenditure on development collaboration
21 EU imports from developing countries
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Data of the German Environmental-Economic
Accounting in a NAMEA-type breakdown
Unit
Primary material by aggregated categories of material
Tons
Abstraction of water from nature and water flows within the economy
m
Primary energy consumption (total and emission relevant)
Air emissions
Greenhouse gases by type
Air pollution by type
Terajoules
Tons
Tons
Tons
Waste water and other discharge of water into nature
Waste by waste categories 1)
Land use for housing and transport by land use categories
m
Tons
2
km
Figures on the transport sector by mode of transport:
Transport related energy consumption, fuel consumption, air emissions
Terajoules/Tons
3
3
Kilometres driven, person kilometres, tonnes kilometres
km
Transport related environmental taxes by type
Stock of vehicles by type
Euro
Number and Euro
1) Only figures until 1995, old classification.
Part of the sustainable development indicator set
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Environmental pressure factors and economic factors in Germany
Change 1995 to 2003 in percent
Energy
0,5
- 7,8
Primary material
- 7,7
Green house gases
- 28,3
Air pollution
8,7
Settlement and traffic area
Goods transport performance
19,9
Gross Domestic Product
11,7
- 3,5
Employment
Capital formation
- 6,9
- 30,0
- 25,0
- 20,0
- 15,0
- 10,0
- 5,0
-
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
Federal Statistical Office of Germany 2005
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Domestic use of abiotic primary material by economic activities 2002
in %
Branches,
total
25.2
96.5%
7.2
total
1,246 1)
mn t
3.5%
Consumption
by private
households
thereof:
18.4
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing 0.8%
Mining of coal; extraction of peat 0.8%
Other mining and quarrying 0.2%
Manuf. of food prod. and beverages 1.3%
Manuf. of chemicals a. chem. prod. 2.8%
Manuf. of other non-metal. mineral products
Manufacture of metals
Electricity, gas, steam and hot water supply
21.1
Construction
13.6
Other manufacturing
5.1
Services
96.5 % Branches, total
1) Without other imported abiotic products .
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office Germany
Environmental Economic Accounting 2005
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Intensity of use of abiotic primary material by branches 2002
kg per 1,000 Euro gross value added
Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing
393
Manufacturing and construction
2,298
11,490
Mining of coal; extraction of peat
Other mining and quarrying
Manuf. of food prod. and beverages
Manuf. of chemicals a. chemical prod.
1,278
551
932
Manuf. of other non-metallic mineral prod.
21,503
Manufacture of metals
6,150
7,599
Electricity, gas, steam and hot water
Construction
Other manufacturing
Services
All branches
2,872
627
49
663
Federal Statistical Office Germany
Environmental Economic Accounting 2005
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Decomposition of the change of sustainable development indicators
Production
Change 1995 to 2001 by effects
Scale effect = 100
Energy TJ
Primary material 1 000 t
Greenhouse gases 1 000 t CO2 equivalents
Intensity
Structure
Scale
CO2 1 000 t
Ch4 t
N2O t
SO2 t
NOx t
NMVOC t
NH3 t
Settlement and traffic area km²
Goods transport performance mill. tkm
Employment annual average in 1 000
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Decomposition of change of mobility-related CO2-emission of
private households by influencing factors
1991 to 2000
Million tons
CO2-intensity of individual transport
CO2-intensity of fuel consumption
Fuel intensity
Mobility volume
Individual mobility
Houeshold size
Number of households
Total Change in CO2-emissions
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
-27.0
-6.4
-20.6
+18.2
+15.6
-4.4
+7.0
+8.8
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
CO2- emissions related to the imports,
the production and the consumption of private
households (supply) and the use of products
million tons
1995
Imports
257,3
Production,
consumption
of private
households
Exports
285,7
Imports
319,1
Domestic
use
Production,
consumption
of private
households
946,5
974,8
supply
2002
Exports
374,9
Domestic
use
802,8
858,6
use
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
supply
use
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
German sustainability indicators: business-as-usual forecast
Indicator
Intensity of passenger transport
Intensity of goods transport
Share of rail transport to total goods transport
performance
Energyproductivity
Green house gas emissions
Air pollution
Increase of the settlement and traffic area
Unit
1991
2000
2010
2020
1999=100
1999=100
102.9
90.6
94.7
99.8
84.9
102.8
77.1
106.4
in %
1990=100
1990=100
1990=100
hectare per
day
Euro
in %
20.0
104.6
95.6
85.7
15.1
122.5
81.2
50.2
13.3
137.7
78.8
44.5
11.6
170.5
78.1
38.9
119.7
21312
65.8
129.2
23943
65.5
93.4
27034
67.2
81.5
32010
73.2
3.0
23.8
-1.3
21.7
3.3
17.3
2.7
15.6
Gross domestic product per capita
Employment ratio
Increaseof budget deficit
in % of GDP
in % of GDP
Capital formation ratio
Source: Gesellschaft für wirtschahftliche Strukturforschung
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
Simulation of the effect of doubling the road toll for heavy goods vehicles
2010
Intensity of goods transport (1999=100)
Share of rail transport to total goods transport
performance (%)
CO2-emissions (million tons)
GDP per capita (Euro 1995)
Employment (1000)
Source: Gesellschaft für wirtschahftliche Strukturforschung
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
2020
-3.3
-3.6
1.6
-2.7
16.0
1.0
1.8
-2.9
34.0
28.0
Federal Statistical Office of Germany
The way forward:
Strategy for an integrated sustainable
development analysis and policy
SDindicator set
Deriving indicators from
the accounting data-set
Adjusting the
accounts
Accounting
to the
Embedded
system
requirements SD-indicators
(SNA; EEA, SEA) of SD
Tools for economic
and environmental
economic
analysis
Developing tools
for SD-analysis
© Federal Statistical Office of Germany, Environmental- Economic Accounting, 2006
Integrated
SD-analysis
Integrated
SD-policy