The World Water Development Report
Gordon Young
Coordinator, UN-WWAP
The Hague
24 May 2006
World Water Assessment Programme
(WWAP)
The State of The World’s
Freshwater Resources
Assessing, Monitoring and Targeting
• Need to assess in an objective and
comprehensive way while considering both
the global picture and local circumstances
• Need to monitor through time to assess
change
• Need to set targets at all levels to motivate
and engage everyone
Fundamental principles
• Equity: Involves human
betterment in many ways
- Human well-being – health,
food security
- Economic development
- Social development
- Security (floods, droughts,
pollution)
• Environmental
sustainability:
- Preservation of the ecosystems
on which we all depend
Elements of poverty
Governance: Human Water Stewardship
• Ability to Cope
• Resilience of Human Societies
• Governance issues:
•Cultural background
•Attitudes of people
•Political setup
•Institutions
•Legislation
•Financial instruments
Global change
• Population growth, movement and age
structures
• Geo-political changes and realignments
• Trade and subsidies
• Technological changes
• Climate change
Rural and Urban Population
Density
The Nature of Water
• Surface water / soil moisture /
ground water
• Quantity and quality
• Variation in space
and time / reliability
• Long-term trends
• Extreme events
Frequency, timing, duration, intensity
• Links with the marine environment
The Climate Moisture Index, representing
climatically-induced water variability
Rainfall affects growth..
the case of Zimbabwe
15.0
10.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
-1.0
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
0.0
1979
Real GDP growth (%)
2.0
-2.0
-5.0
-3.0
Real GDP grow th (%)
Variability in Rainfall (Meter)
-10.0
-4.0
Years
Correlation between GDP and Rainfall in Zimbabwe
Variability in Rainfall (Meter)
3.0
Infrastructure gap: Water storage
Water storage per person (m3)
6,150
4,729
3,255
1,406
Laos
746
1,287
Thailand
2,486
North
America
Australia
Brazil
China
South
Africa
43
Ethiopia
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
Water for Energy
DAMS
History of US Dam & Reservoir Construction
1800
1900
1950
2000
2000
• 700% increase in
water held by river
systems
Stored Runoff
< 2% annual flow
2
10
25
50
100
>100
• Several years of
residence time
change in many
basins
• Tripling of river runoff
travel times globally
(from 20 up to 60
days)
• Substantial impact
on aquatic
biodiversity
• Interception of 30%
of continental TSS
flux
From: Vörösmarty et al. 2004, Eos-AGU Trans.
MDG typology
1: Poverty
All
2: Hunger
Health
3: Ensure primary schooling for all
Social
4: Eliminate gender disparity in education
Social
5: Reduce under-five mortality rate
Health
6: Reduce maternal mortality ratio
Health
7, 8: HIV/AIDS; and major diseases
Health
9: Sustainable development and environmental resources Environment
10: Drinking water and sanitation
Health
11: Slum dwellers
Health
Major water-related issues not covered by the MDGs:
• Water-related disasters
• Water and energy
• Water and industry
Extreme hydrological variability: floods and droughts
FLOODS
AND
DROUGHTS
OXYGEN STARVED ZONES
The Energy Linkage
2,000
1,800
United States consumption – 12000kWh/capita/yr
1,600
1,400
581
800
29
Burkina Faso
114
38
Uganda
204
55
Tanzania
126
21
200
85
400
184
600
430
1,000
500 kWh/capita/year minimum consumption
for reasonable quality of life
900
1,200
Morocco
Egypt
Algeria
Senegal
kWh/cap/year
World Average
Energy use per person in Africa
Ghana
Kenya
Ethiopia
Nigeria
0
Cameroon
Elec. consumption (kWh/yr)/Capita
2108
Industrial Water Use
Changing approaches to management
• Management within river basins or within
administrative units?
• Integrated or holistic approaches
• Top / Bottom up approaches
The basics of integration
Energy
Fisheries
Agriculture
National
Basin
Local
Enviro
nment
Water
Finance
Tourism
Industry
Finding a balance
Integrate
d
approach
Each country needs
to decide where
integration makes
sense based on its
social, political and
hydrological situation
Sectoral
approac
h
Domestic Water Use
Relative Water Stress Index
Non-Sustainable Water Use
Framework of Governance
Framework of Governance
User Groups
Energy
Mining
Agriculture
Manufacturing
Recreation & Tourism
Domestic
Framework of Governance
Government
National
Education
Health
Finance
Agriculture
Environmental Affairs
Mineral & Industry
Provincial / State
Local/Community
Organizations
Metropolitan Areas
Municipalities
Village
Framework of Governance
International
Organizations
United Nations and
Specialized Agencies
Regional Organizations
(e.g.. NEPAD, EU)
Global Water Partnership
World Water Council
Framework of Governance
Non Government
Organizations
From major international
organizations
(e.g. Red Cross /Red
Crescent, Oxfam)
to community action groups
Framework of Governance
Water Management
Institutions
Water Management Regions
/ Catchment Management
Agencies
Water User Associations
Municipalities
Water Boards
Water Management
Corporations
Contractors and
Implementing Agencies
Service Providers
Framework of Governance
Trade Unions
Local and National
Federations
Framework of Governance
Enabling Institutions
Government Research
Agencies
Academic Institutions
Universities
Technicians
Colleges
Schools
Consulting and Technical
Organizations
Framework of Governance
Investment Agencies
Major International
Development Banks
Regional Development
Banks
Aid Agencies