Presented on:
United Nation Workshop on Census Evaluation
2-6 December, 2013,
Hanoi, Vietnam
Presented by:
Purushotam Subedi
Ganesh Acharya
Government of Nepal
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Nepal in Brief
Historical Background of census in Nepal
National Population and Housing Census, 2011
Analytical Study
Challenges faced during the census operation
Recommendations for the next Census
Location between India and China
Total Area – 147,181 sq. km.
Total Population- 26.5 million.
Altitude Range- Minimum 70 m. and maximum
8848m.
Mt. Everest – The top of the World is identity and
glorious.
Great variety of topography and diversity of weather
and climate.
A Multiethnic, Multi-lingual, Multi-religion and Multicultural country.
Population Census started by 1911.
Conducting Decennially.
11th Census conducting in 2011.
Census conducted in 1952/54 is considered to be
first modern census. (Because introducing
internationally comparable concepts, definitions
and classification.
Computer processing was introduced for the first
time in 1971 census.
Overview
Recruitment of Supervisors and assign the
area for field work
Field Work of Household Listing
Apr 28 – May 03, 2011
May 15 – Jun 01, 2011
Sample Selection and Preparation for
Enumerators' Training
Jun 02 – 03, 2011
MTOT for Supervisors who work as a resource
person in Enumerators' Training
Jun 05 - 06, 2011
Recruitment of Enumerators' and assign the
area for Field Work
Jun 07, 2011 Tuesday
Enumerators' Training
Jun 08 – 14, 2011
Deadline for Enumerators to reach the
assigned area for fieldwork
Jun 16, 2011 Thursday
Census
Jun 17 – 27, 2011
Census Day
Jun 22, 2011 Wed
Deadline for Enumerators' to submit the filled
up questionnaires to supervisor
Jun 28 – Jul 02, 2011
Dissemination of Preliminary Census Results
October, 2011
A steering committee headed by the Hon. Vicechair man of NPC.
A Technical Committee was formed under the chair
of the DG, CBS.
Special thematic committees formed for publicity,
data processing etc.
Various working groups.
District Census Coordination committee.
A person was counted at his/her usual place of
residence.
Usual place of residence is defined as a place where a
person had been living or intends to live for at least six
months.
A person absent from usual place for a short period for
the purpose of treatment or pilgrimage or similar causes
is treated as present in the usual place.
Persons away or absent from birth place or usual place
for employment or study or business purpose is
considered absent population and thus, not counted as
present population.
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Homeless or mobile population was counted at
the place where they were traced on the last day
of enumeration or 27 June 2011.
This method in brief, is termed as ‘modified
de jure’.
Questions on literacy and level of education were
asked to all persons aged 5 years and above.
Questions on activities were asked to all persons
of age 10 years and above living in the
households selected systematically.
Accordingly, his or her activities, occupation and
industry of current employment were recorded
using Individual Form 2 in the census.
Used 3 types of forms
Listing Form
Individual Form-1
Individual Form-2
It contains
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Questions on number of houses
Households
Household members
(By Sex, Agricultural land operated and livestock owned)
It contains Questions on:
 Type of houses,
 Household facilities/assets,
 Ownership of house or land of female members
of the households,
 Details of absent member of households.
It also included in the form-1 are:
name, relationship to head, sex, age,
caste/ethnicity, marital status and age at first
marriage, religion, mother tongue and second
language, citizenship, type of disability, literacy
and level of education.
It contains the question on:
 migration,
 fertility,
 labor force,
 occupation,
 industry,
 employment status
 living arrangement of children
Note: But this firm (form-2) is used for every
eighth household by selected systematically
Total field staff engaged –Around 41000
Enumerator- 31000
Supervisor- 7900
Others -2000
Supervisor- enumerator ratio was 1:4.
Women participation more than 40%
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Preliminary result released on Sept. 2011.
It has included the total no. of houses,
household and sex-wise population by 75
district.
Final Result is planned to release in different
Phases and volumes e.g. volumes on
demographic characteristics, volume on social
characteristics, Volume on Literacy and
education, volume on economic characteristics,
volumes on migration and absent population,
Special volume by gender characteristic and
urban areas will also produce and release.
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Census result analyze by experts
Applied ‘Modified De Jure’ method
Followed by:
◦ Trend Analysis,
◦ Social and Demographic analysis,
◦ Economic demography.
UNFPA:- Technical assistance, Pilot census, field
work and PES Analysis
UNWOMEN:- publicity and development of
information, education and communication
material
DANIDA:- Development of EA maps
UNDP:- Designing and developing of training
materials
UN Census Bureau:- Technical support on final
stage data processing.
Total Population:26494504 (26.5 million)
Male:- 12849041 (48.50%)
Female:- 13645463 (51.50%)
Households :5427302
(5.4million)
Individual:5423297
Institutional:- 4005
Ownership of housing units:Own house reside:85.26%
Rental:12.81%
Others:1.93%
Source of drinking water:
Tap/Piped used
47.78%
Tube well/ Hand Pump
35%
Uncovered Well/ Kuwa
17.22%
Sex Ratio:- 94.16%
Population Density :- 180 per sq. km.
Urban Population :17%
Working Age Population :57% (15 to 59 yrs.)
Caste Ethnicity :- 126 Caste/Ethnic group
Mother Tongue :-123 Language Spoken
Literacy :65.9% ( 5 yrs. and above)
Religion :Hindu:81.3%
Kirat:3%
Buddhist:- 9%
Christian:- 1.4%
Islam:4.4%
Rest:Misc.
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Inter- Censual Population Change
Census
year
Population Inter
censual
changes
Inter
censual
changes
(%)
Annual exponential
growth rate
(%)
1911
5638749
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-
-
1920
5573788
-64961
-1.15
-0.13
1930
5532574
-41214
-0.74
-o.o7
1941
6283649
751075
13.58
1.16
1952/54
8256625
1972976
31.40
2.27
1961
9412996
1156331
14.01
1.64
1971
11555983 2142987
22.77
2.05
1981
15022839 3466856
30.00
2.62
1991
18491097 3468258
23.09
2.08
2001
23151423 4660326
25.20
2.25
S. N.
Description
Result/Situation
Remarks
1.
No. of Population
Increase
By 3343081
2.
Growth Rate
Decrease
1.35 from 2.25
3.
Average Households size Decrease
4.88 from 5.44
4.
No. of houses
Increase
By 22%
5.
Average age
Increase
69.1 from 65
6.
Literacy rate (5 yrs. and
above )
Increase
65.9% from 54.1%
7.
Sex ratio
Decrease
94.2 from 99.80
8.
Population Density
Increase
180 From 157
9.
Population by Broad age
group (population
bonus)
Increase
57% from 54%
10.
Urbanization
Increase
17.07% from 13.9
Indicators
Crude Birth Rate
33.1
27.7
24.3
Crude Death
Rate
9.6
8.3
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Total Fertility
Rate (per
women)
4.1
3.1
2.6
Infant Mortality
Rate
64
48
46
Mortality Rate
under five
91
61
54
Source: Demographic Health Survey
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Conducted consultation and roundtable
workshop with stakeholders and data users.
Pre-reviewed and revised the questionnaire
and manuals by specialists and GESI experts
Provided the Master training program for all
supervisor and training program for all
enumerator.
Independent monitoring and observation by
civil society.
Key entry operation were monitored and
supervised by Core Team of CBS.
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None of the wards or VDC or any parts of the
country is missed in census which could not
happen in 2001 due to the conflict.
Census questionnaires, enumeration and
other manual, EA maps were major tools used
to conduct field enumeration.
Ratio of supervisor to enumerator is
improved to 1:4 as compared to 1:5 in 2001.
The work load on an average is 828 persons
per enumerator against 1135 in 2001.
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Making a new constitution is national priority
instead of census.
People’s aspiration are very high (various caste,
social group)
High expectation from users (They demanded for
more questions to be included in questionnaire
The longest questionnaire itself.
Financial Resource management was critical
Managing large number (40,276 persons) of
human resource of different level was one of the
major challenges.
Lack of Qualified Personnel (i.e. internal experts.
Enumerator etc.)
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Financial resources should be manage
Selection of technology and methodology could be fixed in
advance to avoid errors.
Number of census questions should be optimally determined;
open questions should strictly be minimized; and a viable new
technology should be explored for more efficient field
operation and data processing.
Enumeration area (EA) maps should be prepared in time and
use extensively for reducing coverage errors in the census.
Field staff should mostly be recruited from unemployed
educated youths and priority should be given to college
students.
A Special Census Act that mandates for an independent
commission for the census, facilitates financial and human
resources required, eases quick procurement of census
materials and services and, addresses gender and social
inclusion in overall management of the operation is
recommended.
For your Kind Attention