Final Study Guide
1. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, & control group in an experiment.
2. Proper units & instruments for:
Measurement
Mass
Volume
Length
Temperature
Units
Instrument
3. The atom:
Particles
Location in the atom
4. Families of the Periodic Table:
Family
Charge
Column
#
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
5. Chemical Bonding:
Type of
Description
Bond
Ionic
Covalent
6. Chemical & Physical Changes
Type of
Definition
Change
Physical
Chemical
Examples
7. What are the 5 traits that define a mineral?
8. Mineral Physical Properties:
Property
Definition
Luster
Example
Streak
Hardness
Cleavage
Fracture
9. How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply to the Rock Cycle?
10. Rock Types:
Type
Definition
Classification Groups
11. Which layer of soil must be present for grass to grow?
12. Weathering & Erosion:
Definition
Erosion
Mechanical
Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Examples
13. What is an ice age?
14. What factors will affect the amount of runoff in an area?
15. How is a cave formed?
16. Volcanoes:
Volcano Type
Shield
Description
Cinder cone
Composite
Super volcano
17. What is metamorphism?
18. What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?
19. What evidence is used to support the Theory of plate Tectonics?
20. Plate Boundaries:
Boundary
Definition
Transform
Diagram
Divergent
Convergent
21. What may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs?
22. What conditions will increase the possibility of something becoming fossilized?
23. What is the Principle of Superposition?
24. What is half-life & how can it be calculated?
25. Where are the focus& epicenter located during an earthquake?
26. During which era & period did the largest extinction in Earth’s history occur?
27. Which type of seismic wave will reach a seismograph first? Second?
28. Laws of Motion
Law
Definition
st
(1 ) Law of
Inertia
Example
(2nd) Law of
Acceleration
(3rd) Law of
Action/Reaction
29. What causes the Earth to experience seasons?
30. What causes the phases of the Moon?
31. What shape is the Earth’s orbit around the Sun & where is the Sun positioned?
32. What is the difference between the Terrestrial planets & the Jovian planets?
33. Hertzsrung – Russell Diagram:
 Where are the brightest & hottest stars found on the diagram?

 Where are the dimmest & coolest stars found on the diagram?

 What are most of the stars in the Universe classified as?

34. At which point during stellar evolution does a star become stable?
35. What wavelength of light does the Ozone layer protect us from?
36. What two major gases make up the Earth’s atmosphere & what are their percentages?
37. What gas is said to cause the greenhouse effect?
38. What causes low air pressure? High air pressure?
39. What causes air to move from one place to another?
40. Fronts:
Front
Description
Warm
Cold
Stationary
Dry Line
41. How do you use a psychrometer?
Type of Weather