Fall Final Review Study Guide
1. What are the steps of the scientific method?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. What is a control group?
3. What is an independent variable (IV)?
4. What is a dependent variable (DV)?
5. What is a hypothesis?
6. How do you write a hypothesis?
7. What are the parts of a graph?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8. Where do the ID and DV go on a graph?
9. How do you remember where they go?
A science class collected some earthworms and measured their length.
Length of Worms vs. Number of Worms
10. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
11. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
12. What length of worm was most common?
13. Name at least 2 things missing from the
graph:
a.
b.
c.
14. Name the DV.
15. What happens to the ability of the blue line person over time?
A science class tested the effects of slope on speed. Below is the graphed data. Use the data to answer the
questions.
22
20
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
90o
80o
70o
60o
50o
40o
30o
20o
2
10o
Average Speed (cm/s)
18
Angle of Slope
16. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
17. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
18. What happens to the average speed of a vehicle as the angle changes?
19. What is missing from this graph?
20. Name at least 3 things wrong
or missing from the graph.
a.
b.
c.
d.
21. What was the mass in 2007?
22. If there is an accident in the lab, what do you do first?
23. List the SI unit prefixes in order from largest to smallest.
24. What SI unit do you use for:
a. Mass:
b. Distance:
c. Volume:
25. What does a triple-beam balance measure?
26. What does a ruler measure?
27. What does a graduated cylinder measure?
28. What does a beaker measure?
29. Define the following (include it’s location and charge):
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Neutron
30. What is an ionic bond?
31. What is a covalent bond?
32. How do you know if two elements have similar properties?
33. What is the law of conservation of mass?
34. What are the characteristics of a physical change?
35. What are the characteristics of a chemical change?
36. How many protons do each of the following have:
a. He
b. Au
c. Mg
d. K
37. Identify the location of the following on the periodic table:
a. Alkali metals
b. Halogens
c. Noble gases
d. Transition metals
e. Metalloids
38. Define family as it relates to the periodic table.
39. Define period as it relates to the periodic table.
40. What is atomic number?
41. What is atomic mass?
42. What is the definition of a mineral?
43. What are the names for these crystal shapes?
44. What are the two ways that minerals will form?
a.
b.
45. What are the 4 different types of luster?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Answer the following questions about the Hardness Scale
1
Talc
46. A mineral sample is able to scratch Fluorite & Quartz, but not Corundum.
2
Gypsum
What is the sample’s harness?
3
Calcite
4
Fluorite
5
Apatite
6
Orthoclase Feldspar
47. A mineral sample is able to scratch Talc & Calcite, but not Fluorite. What
7
Quartz
is the sample’s hardness?
8
Topaz
9
Corundum
10
Diamond
48. What is streak?
49. What is cleavage?
50. What is fracture?
51. What are some “special” properties of minerals?
52. According to the rock cycle, does the mass of the rock change as it goes from one rock type to
another? Explain why or why not.
53. Draw the rock cycle.
54. What material forms Igneous Rock?
55. What processes form sediment?
56. What processes change sediment into Sedimentary Rock?
57. What processes are known as metamorphism?
Fill Out the Chart
Description
58.
Rocks formed by volcanoes.
These rocks form layers because of
59.
heat & pressure.
Rocks that form by chemicals
60.
crystallizing out of solution.
Rocks that are made of previously living
61.
organisms.
Rock Type
Classification Group
Rocks formed by magma cooling
62.
underground.
These rocks form when rocks are
63.
changed by chemical reactions.
These rocks are made of smaller rock
64.
pieces & particles.
65. Which of these statements is correct in relation to the Law of Conservation of Mass?
 The mass of the starting chemicals will be greater than the chemicals at the end of a reaction.
 The mass of the starting chemicals will be equal to the chemicals at the end of the reaction.
 The mass of the starting chemicals will be less than the mass of the chemicals at the end.
66. What is mechanical weathering?
67. What are some direct causes of mechanical weathering?
68. What is chemical weathering?
69. What is the difference between mechanical & chemical weathering?
70. What is soil made of?
71. What are some factors that affect soil formation?
72. Label the layers in the soil profile.
73. Why is topsoil important?
74. What is erosion?
75. What is deposition?
76. How are erosion & deposition different?
77. What factors affect the amount of runoff?
78. What is an ice age?
79. What characteristics do young rivers have?
80. What characteristics do mature & old rivers have?
81. What is a floodplain?
82. How are caverns formed?
83. What factors affect how violent a volcanic eruption will be?
84. What is a batholith?
85. Explain the processes involved in metamorphism.
Volcano Type
Diagram
86. Cinder Cone
87. Shield
88. Composite
89. Describe the characteristics of Detrital Sedimentary Rocks.
90. Give some examples.
91. Describe the characteristics of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks.
92. Give some examples.
93. Describe the characteristics of Organic Sedimentary Rocks.
94. Give some examples.
Characteristics