The Market Revolution
&
Antebellum Reform
Warm Up

What supreme court case established the
principal of Judicial Review?

A = Marbury v. Madison

What is “Judicial Review?”

A = The idea the Supreme Court can rule if laws
passed by congress are constitutional or not.
More Warm Up

What were the two causes of the War of 1812?

A = Impressment and the English giving
weapons and support to western Indians.

What was impressment?

A = When the English kidnapped American
sailors.
More WU

What land purchase doubled the size of the U.S.?

A = the Louisiana Purchase

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts and why
were they controversial.

A = Alien Acts = Laws that gave the president the
power to deport any aliens he thought were
troublesome.
Sedition Act= Made it illegal to criticize the
government. Many people felt this violated the 1st
amendment right of free speech.

Early American Manufacturing

Mostly small scale-Master craftsmen own
shops that make and sell
items.



A. Master craftsman
B. Journeyman
C. Apprentice
System operates on idea of
“Self-Making.”
Self-Making

Belief that: hard work + clean-living = success.

In the early days, success means owning
productive property (either a farm or a shop).
The Market Revolution

1820s-1840s

A dramatic change in the making and transportation of
goods.

1. Factories (1st water, then steam)

2. New modes of transportation:

A. Canals (Erie)
B. Turnpikes
C. Steamboats (Robert Fulton)

3. Improvements in communications –The Telegraph


Erie Canal
Erie Canal
Communication

Samuel F.B. Morse

1844 “What Hath God
Wrought?”

Mostly in North

Western Union
Review

Describe the different level in the old Artisan system.

What is “Self-Making”?

What were the three major transportation
improvements in America during the early 1800s?

Who invented the telegraph?
Industrialism

Samuel Slater—Spinning Mill in Pawtucket, RI. First modern factory in
America. 1793


Most early factories in New England use female labor.
Families in mid-Atlantic.

1st water, then steam for power
The Lowell System

Female Employees

Chaperoned
boardinghouses.

Highly regulated
environment

Cultural activities
New Labor Force

Competition forced factory owners to cut wages
and working conditions began to deteriorate.

Housing women became too expensive.

Factory owners begin to turn to immigrant labor
(The Irish).
Warm Up

Describe the three-tired hierarchy that existed in the
old artisan workshops system.

What was “self-making”?

Who made the first factory in the US?

What was the “Lowell System”

Why did the Lowell System come to an end?
American System

Eli Whitney—
Interchangeable parts

American System
=Making identical
parts—speeds up
production and makes
easier to replace.
Impact of Market Revolution

Caused anxiety and tension:

1. Greatly increased speed and scope of
economic activity.

2. Seemed harder to “Self-Make.”
Utopian Movements

Because of anxiety brought upon by the Market
Revolution, many people sought alternative
lifestyles/religions.





A. Brook Farm
New Harmony—Robert Owen
B. Shakers
C. Oneida
D. Mormons—founded by Joseph Smith in New York.
Face persecution and head west. Eventually settle in Utah.
Shakers
Shakers
Joseph Smith & the Mormons

Book of Mormon (1830)

Killed in 1844.

Brigham Young is his
successor.
The
nd
2
Great Awakening

Religious revival in 1830s-1840s.

Emphasized that individuals could gain salvation
through their own efforts.

People sought to perfect themselves and society in
hopes of bringing about the millennium.

Helped to give comfort to people who felt anxiety
because of Market Revolution.

Women very active
The “Burned-Over District”

Western NY (near Erie Canal).

Area that had been greatly impacted by the Market
Revolution.
Charles Finney
Reform from 2nd Great Awakening

1. Temperance (no alcohol).

2. Abolition (no slavery).

3. Women’s Rights.
Temperance

Average male in 1830 drank 3times the amount of alcohol as
today.

People blamed alcohol for many
problems.

Many women were especially
against it.

Seemed to inhibit self-making.
Northern (white) Attitudes Towards
Slavery

They vary

Some feel slavery is morally wrong and that blacks should have
full equality.

Some feel is morally wrong, but still think blacks are inferior.

Some oppose slavery because it prohibits self-making.

Others are okay with slavery.
Abolition

Slavery seen as immoral.

Leading Abolitionists were:
A. William Lloyd Garrison (The Liberator)
 B. Frederick Douglass (ex-slave)
 C. Sojourner Truth (ex-slave)

Frederick Douglass & Sojourner
Truth
The Abolition Movement

American Colonization Society—1817 (Liberia)

American Anti-Slavery Society (1833)

Personal Liberty Laws passed in several
northern states.

The Liberty Party (1840) “Free Soil” rather than
abolition.
Divisions within the Abolitionist
Movement

Immediate or gradual.

Women’s Rights, too, or just slavery.
Violence against Abolitionists

Elijah Lovejoy--Attacked
4 times by angry mobs

Killed & printing press
destroyed (1837)
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Sentimental Novelist

Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

300,000 copies sold in 1st
year.

Brought about great
passions towards slavery
in both regions.
Women’s Rights

Many women become active in other reforms:
Temperance and abolitionism.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, organize
Seneca Falls Convention (1848). First women’s
rights conference.

Issue “Declaration of Sentiments.”
Seneca Falls 1848
Education Reform

Horace Mann (Mass.)

Education essential for
democracy.

Called for: professional
training for teachers, higher
salaries, longer school year.

Other northern states
followed suite.
Treatment for the Mentally Ill

Dorothea Dix

Asylum movement

Mentally ill, orphans, and
poor should be able to lead
more productive lives.
The Dark Side
Some historians have claimed that one impulse of
the reform movement was to control workers.
Protestant native born. Vs. Irish Catholics.
Temperance
Review

What was the Market Revolution?

What were three new transportation improvements that
contributed to the Market Revolution?

What was the “Lowell System”?

Why did the Lowell system come to an end and what
were the new type of workers?
Mo Review

What were:


A. Shakers
B. Oneida

Who was the founder of the Mormon religion and
where did they eventually settle in the West?

What was the 2nd Great Awakening and how was its
message different than that of the first Great
Awakening?

What ws the “American System” and who invented it?
Even Mo Review

Who was the leading preacher during the 2nd Great Awakening?

What were the three reform movements that came out of the 2nd
Great Awakening?

Name the three abolitionists that we covered?

What was the first women’s rights conference and who were the
two women who organized it?

What was the document produced at the first women’s rights
conference and what famous document was it molded after?