Conceptualization of change through metaphor/ Thaiss
metaphor: A form of imagery in language and symbols based on analogy,
a comparison between two objects or concepts according the their perceived
similarity
metonymy: A form of imagery in language and symbols based on contiguity
(contact) or the idea that part stands for the whole
Two perspectives which are used in the article
1. Rhetoric is the art of persuasion and religious cosmologies and belief
systems are designed as modes of persuasions.
2. Religious concepts are really theoretical models/intellectual constructs
which are used to account for otherwise incomprehensible phenomena.
Representations
Muslim community (pure, virginal) – female
non-Muslim (violent) – male
non-Muslim → Muslim (penetration)
dancer-prostitute
dancer/prostitute is a metaphor for temptation

females in one's kin- sister/mother (threat to men's honour, needs control)

females outside kin – evil, tempting
female = fickle, tempting represents world pleasures, makes men go astray
modernization, Westernization = diverts the right path
straightness vs. crookedness
male vs. female
divinity vs. spirituality