“Migration & Community Building”
www.hillsboro_museums.com/images/early_threshing_1890s-4.jpg
Migration
• Migration is people moving from one place
to another.
• How many of you have moved before?
– It may have been house to house, one town to
another or maybe a new state.
Push-Pull & Counter-stream
• What may have “pushed” people (including
yourselves) to move from one place to
another?
• Often people migrate (move) because some
difficulties “push” them to leave.
• At the same time the hope for a better life
“pulls” people to a new country or region.
• Has anyone ever moved back to a place you
once left?
That's Counter-stream
• Counter-stream is when people leave a
country or a region and then come back.
• What are some instances that you can think
of where people left an area only to return?
• Discuss these ideas of push, pull and counterstream with a partner. Then read together
pages 67-71 on “Migration.”
Assignment
• Each of you will need to have completed an
“entrance ticket” to get into class tomorrow
describing what push, pull and counterstream mean to you.
Ethnic Groups
• What are ethnic groups?
• What ethnic groups make up the residents of
Black River Falls?
• How did these groups get here?
• Do you know your ethnicity?
Reasons Ethnic Groups Came
• Obviously our community has a rich history
of the Ho-Chunk nation living here.
• Ethnic Europeans came to this region early
on for the fur-trade. In the 19th century
people came for what the land offered
them.........farming and lumbering.
•Wisconsin
ethnic
groups
What does
this map
show of
ethnic
patterns in
our
county?
What is it
not
showing?
Wisconsin’s Past and Present: A Historical Atlas by the Wisconsin Cartographers’ Guild (1998)
The Cut-over
• Cut-over? What is
that?
• Northern Wisconsin
land that was cleared
by loggers. Farming
was then tried on
“worthless” stump
filled land.
• What takes place in
this region now?
Image ID: 3724
Collection Name:
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/full
Record.asp?id=3724&qstring
Image ID: 10565
Collection Name: Hand-Book for the
Homeseeker
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord
.asp?id=10565&qstring
Farming built Community
• Jackson County, as well as much of
Wisconsin, was a farming community. With
the technologies of the 1800s, for all the
work to get done on all the farms, people
came together to help one another out.
• Husking and threshing in particular were
events where people worked together.
• Coming together to help.... build community!
• What is the common feature of the following
pictures?
Husking in 1903
Image ID: 28955
Collection Name: Charles Van Schaick:
Photographs and Negatives, ca. 1880-ca. 1940
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=28955
Threshing in Black River
Falls, 1897
Image ID: 1896
Collection Name: Krueger Collection
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.as
p?id=1896
www.wisconsinhistory.org
House and Barn Raisings
Image ID: 32219
Collection Name: Place File
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullR
ecord.asp?id=32219&qstring
“The gathering took on the ‘character of a festival, for during the work stories had been told,
adventures related, and everybody served with food and refreshments, which, in all, makes a house
raising an “institution” among pioneers in America, much heralded, cheerfully attended, and long
remembered by the participants’.”
quote from “Social Life in Wisconsin” by Lillian Krueger
Threshing in
Cassville,
1905
Husking and
Shredding, 1919
Image ID: 23682
Collection Name: McCormick-International
Harvester
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecor
d.asp?id=23682&qstring
www.wisconsinhistory.org
Image ID: 31816
Collection Name: Frank W. Feiker Photographs: 1910-1950
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=31
816&qstring
The common thread between
them all?
People working together.
Coming together = Community
What happens as time moves on?
Threshing in Wisconsin - 1928
Image ID: 9247
Collection Name: McCormick-International Harvester
Website: http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=9247&qstring
Threshing in Dane,
1950
Image ID: 8472
Collection Name: John Newhouse Photographs:
1945-1974
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.as
p?id=8472&qstring
Harvesting and
Threshing in 1954
Image ID: 24611
Collection Name: McCormick-International
Harvester
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord
.asp?id=24611&qstring
Image ID: 4330
Collection Name: McCormickInternational Harvester
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org
/whi/fullRecord.asp?id=4330&qs
tring
Image ID: 12436
Collection Name: McCormick-International
Harvester
Website:
http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/fullRecord.
asp?id=12436&qstring
Isolating the Farmer
• Gathering to harvest no longer
needed
• Farm machinery isolates the
farmer
• Rituals are lost
• Sense of community diminishes
Image ID:
Collection Name:
Website:
Through Festivals!
Independence Day
Celebrations
http://www.riverfestlacrosse.com/
Festivals begin to become the way to keep
community alive.
La Crosse Winter Festival (1922)
Image from William J. Fitzpatrick’s book Official Souvenir
View Book Out-Door Winter Carnival, Lacrosse, Wisconsin,
January 25-28, 1922
Website:
http://murphylibrary.uwlax.edu/digital/lacrosse/LaxWinterCa
rnival/00090008.htm
The Winter Festival becomes Oktoberfest in the 1960s
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com/
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
http://www.oktoberfestusa.com
Celebrating the End of
World War I in West Salem
1923 Dairy Parade in West
Salem
From Leonard’s Dream by Errol
Kindschy (1981)
Centennial
Celebrations
From Leonard’s Dream by Errol
Kindschy (1981)
Birth of Community
Festivals
Town
Festival
Inaugural Event
La Crescent, MN
Applefest
1949
La Crosse
Oktoberfest
1961
Westby
Syttende Mai
1969
Warrens
Cranfest
1972
West Salem
June Dairy Days
1974
Sparta
Butterfest
1984
Festivals from around our area.




The festivals around our area are our way of
bringing back community and preserving our
history. The two forms of history they
preserve are....
1. Ethnic preservation
2. Agricultural preservation
Enjoy the pictures of some of these
celebrations and determine if they are ethnic
or agricultural in nature
Postmodern Community:
“Festivals in Rural Towns”
Heritage is still
emphasized in many large
and small communities.
More festivals and other ways to keep
community alive
Website:
http://www.ruralexperiences.com/
RS/images/Whitehall%20.1.JPG
Involvement by groups such as the
Lions Club, 4-H, Ladies Aide, Scouts,
etc. help to keep the sense of
community alive.
Syttende Mai in
Westby
http://www.westbywi.com/Syttende%20Mai.html
http://www.cranfest.com/
CranFest in
Warrens
Sparta Butter
Fest
www.spartabutterfest.com
Memorial Day Pow Wow in Black River
Falls
http://www.trempealeaucountytours.com/
arcadia_broiler_dairy_days.htm
Arcadia Broiler Days
Eleva Broiler Days
http://www.trempealeaucountytours.com/ele
va_broiler_days.htm
Hillsboro “Cesky Den
Festival”
Czech Heritage Festival
www.ceskyden.com
Viroqua Wild
West Days
www.viroqua-wisconsin.com/attractions/
http://www.tomahtractorpull.com/
Tomah Super
National Truck and
Tractor Pull
117th La Crosse
Inter-State Fair
www.lacrossetribune.com
Alma– Music & Arts Festival
Independence– Independence Days
Whitehall– Beef & Dairy Days
Blair– Cheese Fest
Bangor– Fun Days
West Salem– Garland Days
La Crosse– Deke Slayton AirFest, RiverFest, Winter Rec Fest
Onalaska– Sunfish Days
Holmen– Corn Fest
Cashton– July 4th
Leon– Gator Days
Ettrick– Fun Days
Galesville– Apple Affair
Pigeon Falls– Memorial Celebration
Trempealeau– Catfish Days
Celebrations still continue
to unite community
members.
Norske Nook Restaurant in Osseo.
Whether Norwegian, Polish, Native American, Old
Stock American… the importance of community
is still alive in the large and small communities
of Western Wisconsin.
Show what you know!
Project Choices
1. Show a festival. Explain the festival’s origin.
Does it show a community’s ethnicity, its
agricultural history, or is it an economically
motivated festival? Explain how it builds
community.
a. This project will be presented in a
minimum 5 slide PowerPoint.
Show what you know!
Project Choices
2. Bring in an artifact that shows your own
ethnicity.
a. Write a one page description of its
personal meaning to you and your family.
Also, show how it is used to show your
ethnicity.
b. You will give a two minute presentation of
your artifact.
Note: You will NOT read your description
during presentation. It can be used as a
guide.
Show what you know!
Project Choices
3. Develop a poster showing a minimum of 3
aspects of your ethnicity. This poster must be
visual...NOT A REPORT! It must be no smaller
than a sheet of large construction paper.
a. You may draw the pictures, cut out
pictures from a magazine, download
pictures, (Check w/ Ms. Sankey before
printing any pictures.)
b. It may be a collage.
c. Check w/ me if ?'s on what you can do.
Show what you know!
Project Choices
4. Develop a poster showing how you or how
your community of BRF builds community.
a. Once again, same requirements as the
other poster choice.
b. Minimum of 3 aspects of how community is
built.
Show what you know!
Project Choices
5. Research the area known as the cut-over.
Describe its history; show its present.
a. This project must be approved by me
before beginning.
b. We will discuss the format in which you
will present your work.
GOOD LUCK AND GET TO WORK!
PowerPoint Lesson Prepared by:
Mr. Dutton
7th Grade Social Studies
Black River Falls Middle School