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The Natural
Environment
As
Stakeholder
Valuable information for dealing with environmental stakeholders can be found at EnviroLink Network’s web site: www.envirolink.org
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Chapter Thirteen Objectives
• Discuss why natural environmental issues
are complex
• Describe the eight major natural
environment issues
• Describe the NIMBY environmental
problem
• Discuss the roles that business and
government play in environmental issues
• Explain the concept of environmental
ethics
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Chapter Thirteen Outline
• The Natural
Environment
• Impact of Business on
the Natural
Environment
• Natural Environmental
Issues
• Responsibility for
Environmental Issues
• The Role of
Governments in
Environmental Issues
• Other Environmental
Stakeholders
• Business
Environmentalism
• The Future of Business
• Summary
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Introduction to Chapter Thirteen
Important Environmental
Terms
•
•
•
•
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Environment
Carrying Capacity
Entropy
Ecosystem
Niche
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
•
•
•
•
•
Cycle
Threshold
Pollution
Irreversibility
Sustainability
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Business Impact on the
Environment
Debate
Pollution vs. productivity
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Eight Environmental Issues
• Ozone depletion
• Global warming
• Solid and hazardous
wastes
• Fresh water quantity
and quality
• Degradation of marine
environments
• Deforestation
• Land degradation
• Endangerment of
biological diversity
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Other Environmental Issues
• Air/rain pollution
• Indoor air pollution
• Energy efficiency
•
•
•
•
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Toxic substances
Radon pollution
Noise pollution
Aesthetic pollution
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Other Environmental Issues
Effects of Air Pollutants
Pollutants
Health Concerns
Ozone
Respiratory tract and lung problems
Particulates
Eye, throat and lung damage
Carbon
monoxide
Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases
Silver dioxide
Respiratory tract problems
Lead
Brain damage—especially in children
Nitrogen dioxide Respiratory illness and lung damage
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Responsibility for
Environmental Issues
• Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY)
• Environmental ethics
– Green values
• Life on earth to continue
• Natural justice should be done by all
• Pursue nonmaterial qualities of life
– Other ethical theories
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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The Role of Governments in
Environmental Issues
Responses of Governments in Canada
• Canadian Environmental Protection Act
(CEPA)
– Policy goals
• Air quality legislation
– National Ambient Air Quality Objectives
(NAAQOs)
– Canada-Wide Standards (CWSs)
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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The Role of Governments in
Environmental Issues
Responses of Governments in Canada
Water quality legislation
– Canada Water Act (1970)
– Canadian Environmental Protection Act (1999)
– Fisheries Act
– Navigable Water Protection Act
– Yukon Waters Act and Northwest Territories
Waters Act
– Canada Shipping Act
– Dominion Water Power Act
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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The Role of Governments in
Environmental Issues
Responses of Governments in
Canada
Land-related legislation
– Canadian Environmental Protection Act
(CEPA) focuses on pollution prevention and
protection of the environment, human life,
and health from the risks associated with toxic
substances
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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The Role of Governments in
Environmental Issues
International Government Responses
United Nations Environmental
Programme (UNEP)
– Montreal Protocol
– Kyoto Protocol
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APEC Statement on Global Warming
•
APEC Leaders Adopt Global Warming Statement By VOA News
08-September-2007
An unidentified man is ordered to back away from police following a disturbance during a protest
demonstration in downtown Sydney, 8 Sep 2007Asia-Pacific leaders have ended the first day of their
two-day summit in Sydney, Australia, by agreeing to work on reducing climate-changing greenhouse gas
emissions.
Australian Prime Minister John Howard said the 21 economies on Saturday agreed to adopt what he
called "aspirational" goals to reduce emissions, with all nations contributing according to their own
capacities.
They did not adopt firm emission-reduction targets.
Environmentalists had called on the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group to set some firm
reduction targets, instead of non-binding goals. But many governments -- including the United States,
China and Australia -- opposed such an agreement.
Their statement, also called the "Sydney Declaration," sets a target for reducing what is known as
"energy intensity" by 25 percent by 2030. Energy intensity is a measure of the energy efficiency of a
nation's economy.
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Other Environmental
Stakeholders
Interest groups include:
• Radicals
• Mainstreamers
• Accommodators
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Other Environmental
Stakeholders
• Green consumers
• Green employees
• Green investors
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Business Environmentalism
• Use of corporate examples
• Environmental and financial performance
• Systematic business responses to the
environmental challenges:
–
–
–
–
Generic management decision-making tools
Cost-benefit analysis
Risk management
Strategic environmental management
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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Future of Business:
Greening or Growing?
Two Important Questions
• Can the earth support a high consumption
Western lifestyle?
• If not, what are the implications for business
and how can business respond?
© 2005 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited.
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