Chapter 13
1
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Objectives
• Define leadership
• Identify various theories of leadership:
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Traits
Initiating structure and consideration
Contingency theories
Transformational vs transactional leaders
Leader-Member Exchange
Servant leadership
2
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Leaders
Individuals who…
• establish direction for a group
• gain the group members’ commitment
• motivate them to achieve goals to move
in that direction
3
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Traits of Successful Business
Leaders
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Cognitive Ability
Drive/Energy
Honesty and Integrity
Self-confidence
Creativity
Flexibility
4
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Leader Behaviors
Task
• Initiating structure)—organizing and
defining what group members
should be doing to maximize output
• Consideration—creating mutual
People
respect or trust; concerned with
group members’ needs and desires
5
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
The Path Goal Theory
Environmental contingency factors
•Task structure
•Formal authority system
•Work group
Leader Behavior
•Directive
•Supportive
•Participative
•Achievement oriented
Outcomes
•Performance
•Satisfaction
Subordinate contingency
factors
•Locus of control
•Experience
•Perceived ability
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
6
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Leader Behaviour
• Directive – informs, sets standards,
schedules, gives specific guidance regarding
behaviour
• Supportive – friendly, approachable,
concerned for the well being of subordinates
• Participative – consults with subordinates
before making decisions
• Achievement oriented – sets challenging
goals, expects high performance
7
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Transactional vs.
Transformational Leadership
Transactional
“Tit for tat” leaders
who motivate
employees with
promises, rewards,
and threats
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
Transformational
Value-driven change
agents who
emphasize the
importance of tasks
and motivate
employees with a
vision to go beyond
self-interest for the
good of the
organization. ©20
8
01 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Transformational Characteristics
• Successful in times of change
• Inspire a vision of the future (are very
successful in producing visually stimulating
language)
• Perceived as highly trustworthy by followers
(by being congruent in behaviour with the
vision)
• Are charismatic so that followers want to be
with the leader.
• Create commitment of followers to the vision
9
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Leader-Member Exchange
LMX
• Examines the dyadic relationship
between leaders and followers.
• In-group members versus out-group
members based upon compatibility
• In-group members do extra things for
the leader, perform beyond the
requirements of the job and the leader
in turn gives rewards beyond those
allotted to out-group members
10
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Servant Leadership
Ethical Leadership
• Leaders should be attentive to the
needs of followers, empathize with
them, take care of them
• Serving others is the primary goal of
leaders
• Leaders are ethical/moral/trustworthy
11
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Emotional Intelligence
Empathy
Social skill
Motivation
Self-regulation
Self-awareness
12
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Historical View of Leadership
long ago
present
•SuperLeader
•Visionary Hero
•Strong Man
13
Organizational Behavior: An Experiential Approach 7/E
Joyce S. Osland, David A. Kolb, and Irwin M. Rubin
©2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.