Localization
•
What are some problems or
limitations?
Localization
•
Low frequency sounds aren’t
attenuated by head shadow
Sound is the same
SPL at both ears
Left Ear
Right Ear
Compression
Waves
Localization
•
Left Ear
Right Ear
High frequency sounds have
ambiguous phase lag
Left Ear
Right Ear
Two locations, same phase information!
Localization
•
These cues only provide azimuth
(left/right) angle, not altitude
(up/down) and not distance
Left Ear
Right Ear
Azimuth
Localization
Additional cues:
Localization
Additional cues:
Head Related Transfer Function:
Pinnae modify the frequency
components differently depending on
sound location
Localization
Additional cues:
Room Echoes:
For each sound, there are 6
“copies” (in a simple
rectanguluar room!).
Different arrival times of
these copies provide cues
to location of sound
relative to the acoustic
space
Localization
• What would be the “worst case” scenario
for localizing a sound?