• Today- Start Chapter 9
• Announcements
Chapter 8 quiz on WebCT is due Sunday,
March 19. Do it before you leave for spring
break. No excuses !!!!!
Final Day to drop a class is Friday, March
17.
Grade on Exam 2
Score (out of 70)
A
70 (or more) -63
B
62-56
C
55-49
D
48-42
F
Below 42
Warm up Questions 1, 2, 3
1. What structure is this?
2. What does the symbol Pi or P represent?
3. What does ADP stand for?
Chapter 9 Pictures
Carbon and Energy Flow
CO2 + H2O
Photosynthesis
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids + O2
Cellular (Aerobic)
Respiration
(ATP Produced)
Fig 9.2
Digestion + Cellular Respiration =
ATP Production
Frig 8.11 Why do cells need ATP?
Oxidation releases energy which is
stored as ATP
oxidation
Energy Released
organic
molecules
(from food)
Simpler waste
products
(CO2 +H2O)
ATP (energy storage molecule)
+ Heat
EA
Questions 9.1-9.2
Digestion
Fig 9.19
Cellular
Respiration
Fig 9.6. Glycolysis
Fig 9.6 Formation of Acetyl CoA
and the Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Fig 9.6 Electron Transport and
Chemiosmosis
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Fig 9.7 Substrate-level
Phosphorylation
Fig 9.14. Oxidative Phosphorylation =
Making ATP using Electron Transport and
Chemiosmosis
NADH + FADH2
Fig 9.8 Overview of Glycolysis
Energy Investment Phase
(2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P)
Energy Payoff Phase
Glycolysis: Energy Investment Phase
2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P
Energy Investment Phase
(2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P)
Energy Payoff Phase
Redox Reactions
2 electrons and 1 proton = hydride ion = H-1
NAD is an electron carrier in the cell.
Step 1 of the Energy Payoff Phase
2 Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphates
Oxidation of sugar
2 e- removed from
each glyceraldehyde-3 - P
electrons
“Redox” reaction
Reduction of NAD
Each NAD+ has gained 2 e- in the form of “H-” =hydride ion.
(reduction-oxidation)
Produces NADH
electrons
Glycolysis: Energy Payoff Phase
2 Glyceraldehyde-3-P
Glycolysis Summary
Glucose
Energy Investment
Phase
Energy Payoff Phase
2 ADP
2 ATP
4 ADP
4 ATP
2 NAD+
2
NADH
2 Pyruvate
Glucose
2 ADP + 2 Pi
2 NAD+
2 Pyruvate + 2 H20
2 ATP
2 NADH
Question 9.3
Fig 9.6 Formation of Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Fig 9.10 Formation of Acetyl CoA
Fig 9.6 Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Fig 9.12
Citric Acid
Cycle
Question 9.5
Glucose is completely oxidized to CO2
• Glycolysis:
glucose (6-C) => 2 pyruvate (3-C)
Breathe out
• Formation of Acetyl CoA
2 pyruvate (3-C) => 2 Acetyl CoA (2-C) + 2 CO2
Breathe out
• Citric Acid Cycle
2 Acetyl CoA (2-C) => 4 CO2
Fig 9.6 Electron Transport and
Chemiosmosis
Acetyl CoA
Formation
Fig 9.15: Electron
transport and
chemiosmosis
Intermembrane
Space (pH 7)
Inner membrane
Matrix (pH 8)
Chemiosmosis
(Refer to figure in handout. We will use only NADH as an example.)
Fig 9.15
IV
I
III
Chemiosmosis
Electron Transport Chain
IV
I
III
H+
H+
H+
Chemiosmosis
Question 9.5
Chemiosmosis
H+
H+
pH 7
pH 8
Chemiosmosis
Fig 9.14. Oxidative Phosphorylation =
Making ATP using Electron Transport and
Chemiosmosis
NADH + FADH2
Question 9.6
Fig 9.18
Fermentation
Overview
Fig 9.17a Alcohol Fermentation
Fig 9.17b Lactic Acid Fermentation
Most Eukaryotes
C. botulinum produces the potent
nerve toxin that causes botulism.
Question 9.7