SEMINAR CLASS
“Smart Home Appliances Control
System Based on Power Line
Communication Technologies”
Power Line Communications
Power Line Communications
 Digital communications using power lines
 Is not a new idea since several power utility
companies have used it for a couple of decades
 Applications include broadband internet
access, indoor wired LAN for residential and
business premises, in-vehicle data
communications, smart grid applications and
other municipal applications, such as traffic
lights and lighting control, security, etc.
Challenges
• The power line channel is a very harsh and
noisy transmission medium and extremely difficult
to model.
• The power line channel poses unique
challenges to the modem designer, such as the
choice of appropriate modulation, coding and
detection schemes.
• Regulatory issues naturally arise due to the
unshielded nature of power line cables, which are
both the source and target of EMI.
• Other issues include the presence of a
transformer, feeder segmentation and obviously,
safety.
 History
In mid-2001, an industrial standards
organization called the HomePlug Powerline
Alliance, originally founded by 13 companies
including Cisco, Motorola, Intel, Panasonic and
Texas Instruments, announced the completion
of the HomePlug 1.0 specification.
In January 2003 at the Consumer Electronics
Show, HomePlug was recognized as one of the
three attractive in-home networking solutions,
together with Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
 Update
In the past few years, many industry
associations have also been formed, e.g.
 HomePlug Alliance
 Universal Powerline Association(UPA)
 Consumer Electronics Powerline
Communications Alliance(CEPCA)
 United Powerline Council(UPLC)
Classifications of domestic network
technologies

Device Interconnection
Bluetooth - is a proprietary
open wireless technology
standard for exchanging data
over short distances. Created by
telecoms vendor Ericsson in
1994.

Device Interconnection
IEEE 1394 interface (FireWire) - developed in
late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple as
FireWire, is the High-Definition Audio-Video
Network Alliance (HANA) standard connection
interface for A/V (audio/visual) component
communication and control.

Device Interconnection
IrDA (Infrared Data Association) - is an industry
driven interest group that was founded in 1993
by around 50 companies. IrDA provides
specifications for a complete set of protocols for
wireless infrared communications and the name
“IrDA” also refers to that set of protocols.

Device Interconnection
USB (Universal Serial Bus) - is an industry
standard developed in the mid-1990s that
defines the cables, connectors and
communications protocols used in a bus for
connection, communication and power supply
between computers and electronic devices

Device Interconnection
ZigBee - is a specification for a suite of high
level communication protocols using small,
low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802
standard.

Control and Automation Nets
CEBus(Consumer Electronics) - was developed
on the foundation of an IR (infrared) protocol
developed by GE (General Electric). This work
was transferred to the EIA at the beginning of
the EIA‘s involvement, under the plan that it
would be expanded then maintained by the
EIA. Used mostly in Australia.

Control and Automation Nets
LonWorks (Local Operation Network) - is a
networking platform specifically created to
address the needs of control applications. The
platform is built on a protocol created by
Echelon Corporation for networking devices.
It is used for the automation of various
functions within buildings such as lighting and
HVAC.

Control and Automation Nets
X10 – was developed in 1975 by Pico
Electronics of Glenrothes, Scotland, in order to
allow remote control of home devices and
appliances. It was the first general purpose
domotic network technology and remains the
most widely available.

Data nets
Ethernet – was developed at Xerox PARC
between 1973 and 1974. It was inspired by
ALOHAnet, which Robert Metcalfe had studied
as part of his PhD dissertation.

Data nets
HomePlug – The first HomePlug specification,
HomePlug 1.0, was released in June 2001. All of
the HomePlug specifications were developed by
the HomePlug Powerline Alliance, which also
owns the HomePlug trademark.

Data nets
HomePNA Alliance (formerly the Home Phoneline
Networking Alliance, also known as HPNA) is an
incorporated non-profit industry association of
companies that develops and standardizes
technology for home networking over the existing
coaxial cables and telephone wiring within homes.
HomePNA promoter companies are AT&T, Pace plc
(formerly 2Wire), Sigma Designs (formerly
CopperGate) Motorola, Cisco Systems (formerly
Scientific-Atlanta), Sunrise Telecom and K-Micro

Data nets
WiFi is the trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and
a popular technology that allows an electronic
device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio
waves) over a computer network, including
high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi
Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any “wireless local
area network (WLAN) products that are based
on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers‘ (IEEE) 802.11 standards.

Data nets
The term Wi-Fi, first used commercially in August
1999,[15] was coined by a brand-consulting firm called
Interbrand Corporation that the Alliance had hired.
In 1992 and 1996, Australian organisation the CSIRO
obtained patents for a method later used in Wi-Fi to
"unsmear" the signal.[7] In April 2009, 14 tech
companies agreed to pay CSIRO $250 million for
infringements on the CSIRO patents.[8] This led to WiFi
being attributed as an Australian invention, [9] though
this has been the subject of some controversy. The
CSIRO won a further $220 million settlement for Wi-Fi
patent infringements in 2012 with global firms in the
United States required to pay the CSIRO licensing rights
estimated to be worth an additional $1 billion in
royalties.
References
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=
1650327&contentType=Journals+%26+Magazines&sortType%3Dasc_
p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A34608%29
• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=12001
05
•
https://www.homeplug.org/about/roster/
• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/43214831/Consumer-ElectronicsPowerline-Communication-Alliance
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_automation
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1394_interface
References
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Data_Association
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZigBee
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEBus
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LonWorks
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_(industry_standard)
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomePlug
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HomePNA
•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiFi
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING