UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS
CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL
TRAINING
WELCOME
UST 1/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
INSTRUCTOR
Insert Instructor Name Here
UST 2/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
OBJECTIVES
 Define Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
 Discuss the Pollution Problem Associated with USTs.
 Discuss Regulations Applicable to USTs.
 Discuss Leak Detection Requirements.
 Discuss Upgrade Requirements.
 Discuss Financial Responsibility.
 Discuss Tank Closure.
 Discuss Reports and Records.
 Recommend Inspection Items.
 Discuss Use of Contractors.
UST 3/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
GOALS
 Understand the Definition of USTs.
 Understand Why UST Compliance is Important.
 Understand the Need for Leak Detection and Be Familiar with the
Different Types of Leak Detection.
 Be Familiar With Upgrade Requirements.
 Understand the Concept of Financial Responsibility.
 Understand the Different Types of Closure.
 Be Familiar With Required Reports and Records.
UST 4/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
BACKGROUND
 EPA estimates there are 1.1 million underground
storage tanks located at 400,000 sites throughout the
United States.
 Nearly all tanks built prior to 1984 were built only of
steel and eventually leak.
 New RCRA regulations written in 1984 require upgrades
to underground storage tanks to prevent leaking.
 Nearly 50% of the U.S. population receives its drinking
water from groundwater. Leaks from underground
storage tanks threaten the safety of drinking water.
UST 5/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEARNERS
 Supervisors
 Facility Engineers
 Maintenance Personnel
 Department Managers
 Building Occupants
 Process Specialists
 Environmental and Safety Committees
UST 6/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
OVERVIEW
The goal of this course is to provide supervisors
with the tools needed to help prevent Underground
Storage Tanks from leaking. It recommends
practical, actions that can be carried out by facility
management, maintenance personnel and building
occupants. The course will help you to integrate
good UST management activities into your existing
organization and identify which of your staff have
the necessary skills to carry out those activities.
UST 7/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
WHAT THIS COURSE DOES NOT DO
The course is not intended to provide information to
install, repair, calibrate equipment or remove USTs.
These specialties required training beyond the
intended scope of this course. Where this expertise
is needed, outside assistance should be solicited.
UST 8/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND
RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)
 RCRA addresses both hazardous waste and solid
waste.
 Subtitle I addresses leaking Underground Storage
Tanks (USTs)
UST 9/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Pertinent Regulations:
 40 CFR 280 Subparts A-G – Technical Standards
and Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and
Operators of Underground Storage Tanks (USTs).
 40 CFT 280 Subpart H – Financial Responsibility for
USTs.
 40 CFR 281 – Approval of State Underground
Storage Tank Programs.
UST 10/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
WHAT IS AN UNDERGROUND
STORAGE TANK?
 Tanks that have 10 percent or more
of their volume below the surface of
the ground.
 This includes the tank, connected
underground piping, underground
ancillary equipment, and
containment system.
 Further, this definition specifically
pertains to UST systems that
contain regulated substances such
as solvents, methanol, and ethylene
glycol (anti-freeze).
UST 11/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
TANK REGISTRATION
 UST owners are required to notify designated State
or local agencies of the existence of their tanks or
when the tanks are taken out of service.
 UST owners are required to provide information on
the age, size, type, location, and use of each tank
when a tank is newly registered.
 Notification must occur within 30 days of bringing the
tank into use.
UST 12/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION
REQUIREMENTS
UST 13/82
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THIRD-PARTY EVALUATION
 Look For The "Proof" Of A Third-Party Evaluation
 This evaluation should show that a leak detection
system can work as designed.
 EPA and third parties have developed evaluation
procedures for all leak detection systems.
 Be familiar with the evaluation’s "results" form and,
when provided, its "description" form.
UST 14/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
“PROBABILITIES” OF LEAK
DETECTION
 The regulations require not only that leak detection
methods be able to detect certain leak rates, but that
they also give the correct answer consistently.
 In general, methods must detect the specified leak rate
with a probability of detection of at least 95 percent and a
probability of false alarm of no more than 5 percent.
 Simply stated, this means that, of 100 tests of USTs
leaking at the specified rate, at least 95 of them must be
correctly detected. It also means that, of 100 tests of nonleaking USTs, no more than 5 can be incorrectly called
leaking. This is what is meant by the "probabilities" noted
in this course.
UST 15/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
WHICH LEAK DETECTION IS
BEST?
 There is no one leak detection system that is best for
all sites.
 There is no one leak detection system that is
consistently the least expensive.
 Identifying the best leak detection choice for your
UST depends on a number of factors including:
- Cost
- Facility configuration
- Groundwater depth
- Soil type, seasonal rainfall and temperature
ranges, availability of experienced installers,
and other variables.
UST 16/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
REFERENCES
 Use experienced, professional
vendors and installers of leak
detection.
 Your state may also have an
assistance fund that may be able
to help you pay for your UST's
leak detection.
 EPA provides a free publication—
List Of Leak Detection
Evaluations For UST Systems.
UST 17/82
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SECONDARY CONTAINMENT WITH
INTERSTITIAL MONITORING
UST 18/82
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SECONDARY CONTAINMENT WITH
INTERSTITIAL MONITORING
How does the Leak Detection Method work?
 Secondary containment provides a barrier between
the tank and the environment.
 The barrier is shaped so that a leak will be directed
towards the interstitial monitor.
 Barriers include:
- Double-walled or "jacketed" tanks
- Concrete vaults, with or without lining;
- Internally fitted liners (“bladders”); and
- Leak proof excavation liners that surround the tank.
 Clay and other earthen materials cannot be used
UST 19/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT WITH
INTERSTITIAL MONITORING
Interstitial Monitors
 Monitors are used to check the area between the
tank and the barrier for leaks and alert the operator.
 Some monitors indicate the physical presence of the
leaked product, either liquid or gaseous.
 Other monitors check for a change in condition that
indicates a hole in the tank.
 Monitors can be as simple as a dipstick or they can
be sophisticated automated systems that
continuously check for leaks.
UST 20/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT WITH
INTERSTITIAL MONITORING
What are the Regulatory Requirements?
 The barrier must be immediately around or beneath
the tank.
 The interstitial monitor must be checked at least once
every 30 days.
 A double-walled system must be able to detect a
release through the inner wall.
 There are restrictions on the excavation liner.
 A bladder must be compatible with the product stored
and must be equipped with an automatic monitoring
device.
UST 21/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT WITH
INTERSTITIAL MONITORING
Will it work at your site?
 In areas with high groundwater or a
lot of rainfall, it may be necessary to
select a secondary containment
system that completely surrounds the
tank.
 Works effectively only if the barrier
and the interstitial monitor are
installed correctly.
 Trained and experienced installers
are necessary.
UST 22/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
AUTOMATIC TANK GAUGING
SYSTEMS
UST 23/82
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AUTOMATIC TANK GAUGING
SYSTEMS
How does the Leak Detection Method Work?
 The product level and temperature in a tank are
measured continuously and automatically analyzed
and recorded by a computer.
 In the "inventory mode," the ATGS replaces the use
of the gauge stick to measure product level and
perform inventory control.
 In the "test mode," the tank is taken out of service
and the product level and temperature are measured
for at least one hour.
 Some methods combine aspects of automatic tank
gauges with statistical inventory reconciliation.
UST 24/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
AUTOMATIC TANK GAUGING
SYSTEMS
What are the Regulatory Requirements?
 The ATGS must be able to detect a leak of 0.2
gallons per hour
Will it Work at Your Site?
 ATGS have been used primarily on tanks containing
gasoline or diesel, with a capacity of up to 15,000
gallons.
 Water around a tank may hide a leak by temporarily
preventing the product from leaving the tank. To
detect a leak in this situation, the ATGS should be
capable of detecting water in the bottom of a tank.
UST 25/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
AUTOMATIC TANK GAUGING
SYSTEMS
Anything else you should consider?
 Probe should be permanently installed.
 Probe should be connected to a display console.
 Should be equipped with alarms for high and low
product level, high water level, and theft.
 ATGS can be linked with computers at other locations
 For “non-continuous" type ATGS, no product should
be delivered or withdrawn from tank for at least 6
hours before the monthly test or during the test.
 An ATGS can be programmed to perform a test more
often than once per month (a recommended practice).
UST 26/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
VAPOR MONITORING
UST 27/82
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VAPOR MONITORING
How does the leak detection method work?
 Vapor monitoring senses or measures "fumes" from
leaked product in the soil around the tank.
 Fully automated vapor monitoring systems have
permanently installed equipment to continuously or
periodically gather and analyze vapor samples.
 Manually operated vapor monitoring systems range
from equipment that immediately analyzes a gathered
vapor sample to devices that gather a sample that
must be sent to a laboratory for analysis. Manual
systems must be used at least once a month to
monitor a site.
 Devices need to be periodically calibrated.
UST 28/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
VAPOR MONITORING
What are the Regulatory Requirements?
 Backfill must be sand, gravel or another porous
material.
 Backfill should be clean.
 The substance stored in the UST must vaporize
easily. Some vapor monitoring systems do not work
well with diesel fuel.
 High groundwater, excessive rain, or other sources of
moisture must not interfere with the operation of
vapor monitoring for more than 30 consecutive days.
 Monitoring wells must be secured and clearly
marked.
UST 29/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
VAPOR MONITORING
Will it Work at Your Site?
 Before installing a vapor monitoring
system, a site assessment must be
done to determine whether vapor
monitoring is appropriate at the site.
 A site assessment usually includes:
– Groundwater level,
– Background contamination
– Stored product type
– Soil type
UST 30/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING
UST 31/82
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GROUNDWATER MONITORING
How does the Leak Detection Method work?
 Uses permanent monitoring wells placed close to the
UST.
 The two main components of a groundwater
monitoring system are the monitoring well (typically a
well of 2-4 inches in diameter) and the monitoring
device.
 Detection devices may be permanently installed in
the well for automatic, continuous measurements for
leaked product.
 Detection devices are also available in manual form.
Manual devices must be used at least once a month.
UST 32/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING
How does the leak detection method work?
continued
 Before installation, a site assessment is necessary to
determine the soil type, groundwater depth and flow
direction, and the general geology of the site.
 The number of wells and their placement is very
important. A minimum of two wells is recommended
for a single tank excavation. Three or more wells are
recommended for an excavation with two or more
tanks. Some state and local agencies have developed
regulations for monitoring well placement.
UST 33/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING
What are the Regulatory Requirements?
 Used if the stored substance does not easily mix with
water and floats on top of water.
 If it is the sole method of leak detection, the
groundwater must not be more than 20 feet below the
surface with course soil between the well and UST.
 Product detection devices must detect 1/8 inch or
less of leaked product on top of the groundwater.
 Monitoring wells must be properly designed and
sealed and be clearly marked and secured.
 Wells should be placed in the UST backfill so that
they can detect a leak as quickly as possible.
UST 34/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
GROUNDWATER MONITORING
Will it Work at Your Site?
 In general, groundwater monitoring
works best at UST sites where:
- Monitoring wells are installed in the
tank backfill; and
- There are no previous releases of
product that would falsely indicate a
current release.
 A professionally conducted site
assessment is critical for determining
these site-specific conditions.
UST 35/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
STATISTICAL INVENTORY
RECONCILIATION (SIR)
Will You be in Compliance?
Statistical Inventory Reconciliation (SIR), when
performed according to the vendor's specifications,
meets federal leak detection requirements for USTs if:
 SIR has a 0.2 gallon/hour leak detection capability
meets the federal requirements for monthly monitoring
for the life of the tank and piping.
UST 36/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
STATISTICAL INVENTORY
RECONCILIATION (SIR)
How does the Leak Detection Method Work?
 It analyzes inventory, delivery, and dispensing data
collected over a period of time.
 Each operating day, the product level is measured.
You also keep complete records of all withdrawals from
and all deliveries to the UST. After data has been
collected for the period of time required by the SIR
vendor, you provide the data to the SIR vendor.
 The SIR vendor uses sophisticated computer software
to conduct a statistical analysis of the data. The SIR
vendor provides you with a test report of the analysis.
Some methods combine aspects of automatic tank
gauges with statistical inventory reconciliation.
UST 37/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
STATISTICAL INVENTORY
RECONCILIATION (SIR)
What are the Regulatory Requirements?
 Must be able to detect a leak at least as small as 0.2
gallons per hour. Data must be submitted at least
monthly.
 Must be evaluated with a test procedure to certify
that it can detect leaks at the required level.
 The method’s evaluation must reflect the way the
method is used in the field.
 If the test report is not conclusive, you must take the
steps to lead to finding out if tank is leaking.
 Must keep test reports and documentation that the
SIR method used is certified as valid for your UST
system on file.
UST 38/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
STATISTICAL INVENTORY
RECONCILIATION (SIR)
Will it Work at Your Site?
 SIR has been used primarily on tanks no more than
18,000 gallons in capacity.
 A SIR method’s ability to detect leaks declines as
throughput increases.
 Water around a tank may hide a hole in the tank or
distort the data to be analyzed by temporarily
preventing a leak. To detect a leak in this situation,
you should check for water at least once a month.
UST 39/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
STATISTICAL INVENTORY
RECONCILIATION (SIR)
Anything Else You Should Consider?
 Data should all be carefully collected
according to the SIR vendor's
specifications. Poor data collection
produces inconclusive results and
noncompliance.
 Requires detailed filling out of forms.
 Not to be confused with other release
detection methods that also rely on
periodic reconciliation of inventory,
withdrawal, and delivery data.
UST 40/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
TANK TIGHTNESS TESTING WITH
INVENTORY CONTROL
Will you be in compliance?
• NO! This method was allowed
prior to December 22, 1998 as a
temporary method. You must
use one of the previous
mentioned methods for leak
detection.
• Though the use of tank
tightness testing with inventory
control alone cannot be used for
leak detection, it could be used
as a secondary means to help
confirm a leak.
UST 41/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
MANUAL TANK GAUGING
Will You be in Compliance?
 Manual tank gauging can be used only on tanks
2,000 gallons or less capacity. Tanks 1,000 gallons or
less can use this method alone. Tanks from 1,0012,000 gallons can temporarily use manual tank
gauging only when it is combined with tank tightness
testing.
 Manual tank gauging cannot be used on tanks over
2,000 gallons.
 Manual tank gauging detects leaks only from tanks
and does not detect piping leaks.
UST 42/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
MANUAL TANK GAUGING
How does the Leak Detection Method Work?
 EPA has a booklet, Manual Tank Gauging, that fully
explains how to do manual tank gauging correctly.
 Four measurements of the tank's contents must be
taken weekly, two at the beginning and two at the end
of at least a 36-hour period.
 The average of the two consecutive ending
measurements are subtracted from the average of the
two beginning measurements to indicate the change
in product volume.
 Every week, the calculated change in tank volume is
compared to the standards shown in the table on the
next slide.
UST 43/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
MANUAL TANK GAUGING
Tank Size
Min.
Weekly
Monthly
Duration of Standard (1 Standard (4Test
Test)
test Average)
Up to 550 gallons
36 hours
10 gallons
5 gallons
551-1000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 64”)
44 hours
9 gallons
4 gallons
551-1000 gallons (when
tank diameter is 48”)
58 hours
12 gallons
6 gallons
551-1000 gallons (requiring
tank tightness testing)
36 hours
13 gallons
7 gallons
1,001-2000 gallons
36 hours
26 gallons
13 gallons
(requires tank tightness testing)
UST 44/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
MANUAL TANK GAUGING
Anything Else You Should Consider?
 You can perform manual tank gauging yourself.
 Correct gauging, recording, and math are the most
important factors for successful tank gauging.
 The accuracy of tank gauging can be greatly
increased by spreading product-finding paste on the
gauge stick before taking measurements.
UST 45/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Will You be in Compliance?
 When installed and operated according to the
manufacturer's specifications, the leak detection
methods discussed here meet the federal regulatory
requirements for the life of underground piping
systems.
 UST may have suction or pressurized piping.
UST 46/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
What are the Regulatory Requirements for Suction Piping?
 No leak detection is required if the suction piping has:
(1) enough slope so product in the pipe drains back into the
tank when suction is released and
(2) has only one check valve, located close beneath the
pump in the dispensing unit.
 If a suction line does not meet all of the design criteria noted
above, other monthly monitoring that meets performance
standards can be used.
 Must detect a leak as small as 0.1 gallon/hour.
 Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater
monitoring, and SIR have the same regulatory requirements for
piping as they do for tanks.
UST 47/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
What are the Regulatory Requirements for
Pressurized Piping?
Each pressurized piping run must have one leak
detection method from each set below:
An Automatic Line Leak Detector:
Automatic flow restrictor; or automatic flow shutoff; or
continuous alarm system.
 And One Other Method:
Annual line tightness test; or Monthly interstitial
monitoring; or Monthly vapor monitoring; or Monthly
groundwater monitoring; or Monthly SIR; or Other
monthly monitoring that meets performance standards.
UST 48/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
 The automatic line leak detector (LLD) must be designed
to detect a leak as small as 3 gallons/ hour at a line
pressure of 10 pounds per square inch within 1 hour by
shutting off the product flow, restricting the product flow, or
triggering an audible or visual alarm.
 The line tightness test must detect a leak as small as 0.1
gallon/hour when the line pressure is 1.5 times its normal
operating pressure. The test must be annual.
 Automatic LLDs and line tightness tests must meet the
federal requirements for probabilities of detection and false
alarm.
 Interstitial monitoring, vapor monitoring, groundwater
monitoring, and SIR have the same regulatory requirements
for piping as they do for tanks.
UST 49/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
How do the Leak Detection Methods work?
•Automatic line leak detectors (LLDs)
•Flow restrictors and flow shutoffs can monitor the
pressure within the line in a variety of ways.
•If a suspected leak is detected, a flow restrictor keeps
the product flow through the line well below the usual
flow rate. If a suspected leak is detected, a flow shutoff
completely cuts off product flow.
•A continuous alarm system constantly monitors line
conditions.
•Both automatic flow restrictors and shutoffs are
permanently installed directly into pipe or pump housing.
UST 50/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Line Tightness Testing
 Tracer methods use a tracer chemical to determine if
there is a hole in the line. With tracer methods, all of the
factors below may not apply.
 The line is taken out of service and pressurized,
usually above the normal operating pressure. A drop in
pressure over time, usually an hour or more, suggests a
possible leak.
 Most line tightness tests are performed by a testing
company.
 Some permanently installed electronic systems
(which often include ATGS) can meet the requirements
of monthly monitoring for a line tightness test.
UST 51/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Secondary containment with interstitial monitoring
 A barrier is placed between the piping and the
environment. Double-walled piping or a leakproof liner
in the piping trench can be used.
 A monitor is placed between the piping and the
barrier to sense a leak if it occurs. Monitors range from
a simple stick to continuous automated systems that
monitor for the presence of liquid product or vapors.
 Proper installation of secondary containment is the
most important and the most difficult aspect of this leak
detection method.
 Secondary containment for piping is similar to that for
tanks.
UST 52/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
LEAK DETECTION FOR
UNDERGROUND PIPING
Vapor or Groundwater Monitoring
 Vapor monitoring detects product that leaks into the
soil and evaporates.
 Groundwater monitoring checks for leaked product
floating on the groundwater near the piping.
 A site assessment must be used to determine
monitoring well placement and spacing.
 UST systems using vapor or groundwater monitoring
for the tanks are well suited to use the same
monitoring method for the piping.
 Use of these methods with piping is similar to that for
tanks.
UST 53/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
As of December 22, 1998, all UST systems must be
upgraded to include:
 Corrosion protection
 Installing devices to protect against spills and
overfills.
Without the protection provided by upgrading, USTs
are more likely to leak, be damaged by the
environment, or possibly open you to third-party
lawsuits, and leave you with costly cleanups.
UST 54/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
Corrosion Protection
Federal rules require corrosion protection for UST
systems because unprotected steel USTs and piping
corrode and release product through corrosion holes.
Existing steel tanks must be upgraded to meet one of
the following requirements according to a code of
practice developed by a nationally recognized
organization or independent testing laboratory. You
have three options for upgrading existing steel USTs:
1.Interior lining
2.Cathodic protection
3.Internal lining combined with cathodic protection.
UST 55/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
 The interior of a structurally
sound tank may be lined with a
thick layer of noncorrodible
material.
 Tanks using only an interior lining
for corrosion protection must pass
an internal reinspection in 10 years
and every 5 years after that to make
sure that the lining (and tank itself)
is sound.
 You must keep records of these
inspection results.
UST 56/82
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UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
Cathodic protection is one option for protecting an
UST from corrosion. There are two types of systems
for cathodic protection:
1.Sacrificial Anode, and
2.Impressed Current.
UST 57/82
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UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
 Regulations require that the cathodic protection
systems installed at UST sites be designed by a
corrosion expert.
 Must be tested by a qualified cathodic protection
tester within 6 months of installation and at least every
3 years thereafter. Need to keep the results of the last
two tests to prove that the cathodic protection is
working.
 Must inspect an impressed current system every 60
days to verify that the system is operating. Keep results
of your last three 60-day inspections to prove that the
impressed current system is operating properly.
UST 58/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
It should be noted that prior to adding cathodic
protection, the integrity of the UST must be ensured
using one of the following methods:
 UST is internally inspected
 UST has been installed for less than 10 years and
uses monthly monitoring for releases,
 UST has been installed for less than 10 years and is
assessed for corrosion holes by conducting two
tightness tests
 Alternative Integrity Assessment: UST is assessed
for corrosion holes by a method that is determined by
the implementing agency
UST 59/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
Spill Protection
 USTs must have catchment basins to contain spills.
New USTs must have catchment basins when they are
installed--older tanks can have catchment basins
retrofitted to them.
You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry
standards for correct filling procedures.
UST 60/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS
 Basically, a catchment basin is a bucket sealed
around the fill pipe.
 Basins range in size from those capable of holding
only a few gallons to those that are much larger--the
larger the catchment basin, the more spill protection it
provides.
 There needs to be a way to remove liquid from
catchment basins.
 Keep water out of catchment basins.
UST 61/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
CORRECT FILLING PROCEDURES
Correct Filling Practices
 Many releases at UST sites come from spills.
 Spills often occur at the fill pipe when the delivery
truck's hose is disconnected.
 Though these spills are usually small, repeated
small releases can cause big environmental problems.
 Human error causes most spills. These mistakes can
be avoided by following standard tank filling practices.
 If an UST never receives more than 25 gallons at a
time, the UST does not have to meet the spill
protection requirements.
UST 62/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
OVERFILL PROTECTION
Overfill Protection
USTs must have overfill protection. New USTs must
have overfill protection devices when they are installed.
The three main types of overfill protection devices are:
1.Automatic shutoff devices,
2.Overfill alarms, and
3.Ball float valves
You and your fuel deliverer must follow industry
standards for correct filling practices.
UST 63/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
AUTOMATIC SHUTOFF DEVICE
 An automatic shutoff device
installed in an UST's fill pipe
can slow down and then stop
the delivery when the product
has reached a certain level in
the tank.
 Some automatic shutoff
devices work in two stages.
The first stage drastically
reduces the flow of product to
alert the driver that the UST is
nearly full. The second stage
stops delivery completely.
UST 64/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
OVERFILL ALARMS
 Overfill alarms use probes installed in the
tank
 Alarms activate when the tank is either
90 percent full or within 1 minute of being
overfilled.
 Either way, the alarm should provide
enough time for the driver to close the
truck's shutoff valve before an overfill
happens.
 Alarms must be located where the driver
can see or hear them easily.
 Overfill alarms are often a part of
automatic tank gauging systems.
UST 65/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
BALL FLOAT VALVES
 Ball float valves are fitted on the
bottom of the vent line and hang down
several inches below the top of the
UST.
 When the product level is below the
cage, the ball rests at the bottom of
the cage and the vent line is open.
 As the level of the product rises, the
ball floats on the product and rises in
the cage.
 The ball eventually seats in the vent
line and restricts vapor flowing out the
vent line BEFORE the tank is full.
UST 66/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
OVERFILLS
 Overfills usually release much larger volumes than
spills.
 You can solve overfill problems by:
- Making sure there is enough room in the tank for
the delivery BEFORE the delivery is made;
- Watching the entire delivery to prevent overfilling or
spilling; and
- Using overfill protection devices.
 If an UST never receives more than 25 gallons at a
time, the UST does not have to meet the overfill
protection requirements.
UST 67/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UST System Upgrading
Requirements
Equipment
Corrosion Protection Method
New Tanks
3 Choices
1. Coated and Cathodically Protected Steel
2. Fiberglass
3. Steel Tank Clad with Fiberglass
Existing Tanks
4 Choices
1.
2.
3.
4.
UST 68/82
Same Options as for New Tanks
Add Cathodic Protection System
Interior Lining
Interior Lining and Cathodic Protection
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UST System Upgrading
Requirements
Equipment
New Piping
3 Choices
Existing Piping
2 Choices
UST 69/82
Corrosion Protection Method
1. Coated and Cathodically Protected
Steel
2. Fiberglass
3. Another Approved Material
1. Same Options as for New Piping
2. Cathodically Protected Steel
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
UST System Upgrading
Requirements
Equipment
All Tanks
UST 70/82
Spill/Overfill Prevention Method
• Catchment basins
-andAutomatic Shutoff Devices -or
• Overfill Alarms -or
• Ball Float Valves
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
 Subpart H of the federal underground
storage tank (UST) regulations require
UST owners and operators to
demonstrate financial responsibility.
 Financial responsibility ensures the
timely completion of corrective action
and third-party compensation and thus
reduces the risk to human health and
the environment posed by leaks.
 The financial responsibility
regulations can be met in several ways.
UST 71/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
CLOSURE
 Tank closure is one way to
help protect human health and
the environment, particularly
groundwater, from the threats
posed by many older
underground storage tanks.
 Closure of a UST can be
either temporarily or
permanently.
UST 72/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
CLOSURE
Closing Temporarily
 You may temporarily close UST for up to 12 months by
following these requirements for temporary closure:
- Monitor for leaks maintaining UST's leak detection.
- Monitor and maintain any corrosion protection
systems.
- If a release is discovered, quickly stop the release,
notify your regulatory authority, and take appropriate
action to clean up the site.
 If the UST remains temporarily closed for more than 3
months, leave vent lines open, but cap and secure all
other lines, pumps, man ways, and ancillary equipment.
UST 73/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
CLOSURE
After 12 months of Temporary Closure, You have
Three Options:
1.You must permanently close your UST if it doesn't meet
the applicable requirements.
2. You can ask your regulatory authority for an extension
beyond 12 months, if you provide an assessment that
determines whether contamination is present at your site.
3.Your UST can remain temporarily closed without
needing an extension granted by the regulatory authority if
the UST meets the applicable requirements for new or
upgraded USTs (except for spill and overfill) and the
requirements noted above for temporary closure.
UST 74/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
CLOSURE
Closing Permanently
If you decide to close your UST permanently, follow
these requirements for permanent closure:
 Notify the regulatory authority at least 30 days
before you close your UST.
 Determine if contamination from your UST is present
in the surrounding environment.
 Either remove the UST from the ground or leave it in
the ground.
 Safe Closure Is A Must!
UST 75/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
REPORTS
What do You Need to Report?
 You need to report to the regulatory authority on the
following occasions:
- When you install an UST.
- When you suspect a leak.
- When a release is confirmed.
- 30 Days prior to permanently closing a tank.
 You should check with your regulatory authority about
the particular reporting requirements in your area.
UST 76/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
RECORDS
What Records Must You Keep?
You will have to keep records that can be provided to an
inspector during an on-site visit that prove your facility
meets certain requirements. These records must be kept
long enough to show your facility's recent compliance
status in four major areas:
1. Leak detection performance and maintenance.
2. Required inspections and tests of corrosion protection.
3. Records of repair or upgrade.
4. Records of financial responsibility.
UST 77/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
RECOMMENDED INSPECTION
ITEMS
1. Are aboveground portions of tank system free of
corrosion or other forms of deterioration?
2. Are there any leaks or releases visible on or near the
aboveground portion of the UST?
3. Do impervious areas (i.e. paved areas, floors etc.)
immediately surrounding UST show signs of leaks or
releases?
4. Do the impervious areas show cracks or deterioration?
5. Does the secondary containment (i.e. dikes, berms
etc.) show signs of leaks or releases?
6. Does the secondary containment show cracks or
deterioration?
UST 78/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
RECOMMENDED INSPECTION
ITEMS
7. For uncovered tanks, is the level of tank contents low
enough to prevent overlapping from a storm?
8. Are spill prevention controls and overfill prevention
controls in good working order?
9. Is the cathodic protection system functioning properly
and has the source of impressed current been tested?
10. Data from monitoring and leak detection equipment
recorded in the inspection log.
11. Does data from the monitoring and leak detection
equipment indicate that tank system is working properly.
12. Are tanks labeled and are contents stored within the
applicable time limit.
UST 79/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
 Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area!
 Review Procedures With Them Before Starting the Job!
 Ensure They Are Properly Trained!
 Determine Their Environmental Compliance Record!
 Determine Who Is in Charge of Their People!
 Determine How They Will Affect Your Facility’s
Environmental Compliance!
UST 80/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL
UST PROGRAM
1. DETAILED WRITTEN UST INSPECTION GUIDELINES.
2. DETAILED WRITTEN UST BEST MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES.
3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP
UST 81/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
THE IMPORTANCE OF A
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
“I would ask all of us to remember
that protecting our environment is
about protecting where we live and
how we live. Let us join together to
protect our health, our economy,
and our communities -- so all of us
and our children and our
grandchildren can enjoy a healthy
and a prosperous life.”
UST 82/82
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2000 Published by EnviroWin Software LLC.
Carol Browner
Former EPA
Administrator