GASOLINE FACILITIES COMPLIANCE
CUSTOMIZED ENVIRONMENTAL
TRAINING
WELCOME
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INSTRUCTOR
Insert Instructor Name Here
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OBJECTIVES
 Discuss the Requirements for Stage I Vapor Recovery
Systems.
 Discuss the Requirements for Stage II Vapor Recovery
Systems.
 Discuss the Requirements for Normal Operations.
 Discuss Recordkeeping Requirements.
 Discuss System Maintenance Requirements.
 Discuss Inspection Protocol.
 Discuss Safety with Benzene and Static Electricity.
 Discuss Other Environmental Concerns.
 Recommend How to Clean Up a Small Gasoline Spill.
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GOALS
 Understand the Requirements for Stage I Vapor Recovery








Systems.
Understand the Requirements for Stage II Vapor Recovery
Systems.
Be Familiar With the Requirements for Normal Operations.
Understand Recordkeeping Requirements.
Understand System Maintenance Requirements.
Be Familiar With the Inspection Protocol.
Understand the Safety Hazards Associated with Benzene and
Static Electricity.
Understand the Other Environmental Concerns.
Be Familiar With How to Clean Up a Small Gasoline Spill.
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BACKGROUND
 Nationally, some 1.38 million tons of Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs) escape from gasoline dispensing
facilities each year.
 Refueling accounted for 374 tons of the 16-PAH
emissions (naphthalene) in the 1990 base year
inventory. 16-PAH is just one of the VOC’s in gasoline.
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LEARNERS
 Supervisors
 Facility Engineers
 Maintenance Personnel
 Department Managers
 Building Occupants
 Process Specialists
 Environmental and Safety Committees
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OVERVIEW
The goal of this course is to provide supervisors
with the tools needed to help maintain compliance
and safety at gasoline dispensing facilities. It
recommends practical, actions that can be carried
out by facility management, maintenance personnel
and building occupants. The course will help you to
integrate
good gasoline
dispensing
facility
management
activities
into
your
existing
organization and identify which of your staff have
the necessary skills to carry out those activities.
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WHAT THIS COURSE DOES NOT DO
The course is not intended to provide information to
install, repair, calibrate equipment or remove Stage I
or Stage II vapor recovery equipment. These
specialties required training beyond the intended
scope of this course. Where this expertise is
needed, outside assistance should be solicited.
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CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS
(CAAA)
 CAAA of 1990 - One of the 189 hazardous air
pollutants that has been identified is Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs).
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FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Pertinent Regulations:
 There are no federal regulations directly addressing
gasoline dispensing facilities
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STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
Section 182 (b)(3) of the Clean Air Act requires states
which contain all or part of a moderate ozone
nonattainment area(s) to submit to EPA a State
Implementation Plan revision which requires gasoline
dispensing facilities (which sell more than 10,000
gallons per month or 50,000 gallons per month in the
case of an independent small business marketer of
gasoline) to install and operate a gasoline vapor
recovery system for recovering emissions caused from
the refueling of motor vehicles
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STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
 Controls for gasoline
dispensing differ from state to
state
 Check with your state’s air
control board for specific
guidance
 General guidance is given
in this training module
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CONTROLLING VOCs
 The major air pollution concern associated with
gasoline dispensing and handling facilities is the
gasoline vapors, comprised of Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs), that are released while refilling
underground storage tanks and during vehicle refueling
 In the presence of sunlight, these VOCs react with
oxides of nitrogen to form ozone, a pollutant which can
cause lung irritation and breathing difficulty
 Gasoline contains numerous toxic compounds
including benzene, a probable cancer causing agent
 Capturing gasoline vapors decreases fire hazards,
unpleasant odors, and health risks
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TYPES OF CONTROLS
 Stage 1 Controls – Controls
between the gasoline dispensing
truck and the Underground
Storage Tank
 Stage 2 Controls – Controls
from the gasoline pump to the
vehicle
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STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY
What Is Stage I Vapor Recovery?
VOC emissions can be reduced by approximately 90 98% with the use of Stage I Vapor Recovery.
 Stage I recovery systems employ a hose that returns
gasoline vapors displaced from the underground tank to
the truck‘s tank cargo compartments
There are two types - dual point and coaxial.
- Dual point systems have two ports, with one port used
to deliver gasoline from the truck to the tank, and the
other to return vapors to the truck
- Coaxial systems utilize one port for both liquid
gasoline and vapor transport
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STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY
What Are The Stage I Vapor Recovery
Requirements?
1.Gasoline storage tanks must be equipped with
submerged or bottom fill lines and fittings to balance
gasoline vapors with the delivery transport tank
2. Owners/operators must ensure that when gasoline is
unloaded from transport tanks into their storage tanks,
all vapor recovery fittings are attached and operating
properly
3.Only state approved vapor recovery systems may be
installed on the tank(s).
(continued)
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STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY
What Are The Stage I Vapor Recovery Requirements?
(continued)
4. All Stage I equipment installation must be performed in
accordance with the latest revision of The Petroleum
Equipment Institute’s "Recommended Practices for
Installation & Testing of Vapor Recovery Systems at Vehicle
Fueling Sites"
5. Your air district must be contacted to conduct an
inspection immediately following the installation of the Stage
I equipment.
6. Every time gasoline is delivered, it is the gas station
owner/operator’s responsibility to ensure that the delivery
driver connects the vapor recovery lines
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STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
What Is Stage II Vapor Recovery?
 Vehicle refueling at gasoline dispensing facilities is an
even larger source of VOC emissions
 These emissions come from vapors displaced from
the automobile tank during the dispensing of gasoline
 Stage II Vapor Recovery systems can control
approximately 85% to 99% of these VOC emissions
 The Stage II system conveys the vapors displaced
from the vehicle fuel tank back to the underground
storage tank through the use of special hoses and
nozzles
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STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
What Are The Stage II Vapor Recovery Requirements?
1. Owners/operators must ensure that the transfer of
gasoline from stationary tanks into motor vehicle fuel tanks is
conducted with an air district approved Stage II Vapor
Recovery system
2. All Stage II plumbing installation must be performed in
accordance with the latest revision of The Petroleum
Equipment Institute’s "Recommended Practices for
Installation & Testing of Vapor Recovery Systems at Vehicle
Fueling Sites"
3. All Stage II Vapor Recovery lines must have a uniform
slope of at least 1/8 inch per foot back to the tank to prevent
traps
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STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
What Are The Stage II Vapor
Recovery Requirements?
4. The air district must be contacted
prior to the burial of Stage II plumbing
to conduct an inspection of the vapor
recovery lines
5. Stage II Vapor Recovery equipment
must be installed in accordance with
the system’s certification requirements
and be maintained leak free, vapor
tight, and in good working order
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STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
What Are The Stage II Vapor
Recovery Requirements?
6. If Stage II equipment is determined
to be defective and unable to meet
state requirements, the
owner/operator must take the system
out of service until it has been
repaired, replaced, or adjusted as
necessary
7. Owners/operators must post
operating instructions for the Stage II
system in the gasoline dispensing
area
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TESTING
1. Initial Operation - Once any newly installed Stage I
or II vapor recovery system is in operational condition
and ready for use, testing to verify the proper
installation and function of the entire system shall be
conducted
 Tests shall be conducted in accordance with state
requirements
2. Recertification – It may be necessary to recertify
equipment depending on time or system modification
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NORMAL OPERATIONS
•During delivery of fuel to gas station tanks, the
owner/operator of the station must ensure that the
delivery driver connects the vapor recovery lines
•Requirements relating to daily operations include:
 Stage I or II Vapor Recovery equipment must be
maintained in good working condition at all times
 The protective caps for Stage I equipment must be on
tight and locked down between unloading of fuel into
tanks
 Sealing gaskets and poppet valves must be in good
working condition
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NORMAL OPERATIONS
Requirements relating to daily operations:
 Maintenance records must be kept for the previous
24 months of operation, and include dates and nature of
maintenance and all certification tests performed
 The owner/operator must display a copy of the
approved Notice of Construction and Annual
Registration Certificate at the facility
 Records must be kept of the total annual gasoline
throughput for the current year and two previous years,
and must be available on-site for inspection by regulator
staff during normal business hours
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RECORDKEEPING
 All records should be kept at the
facility or be readily available to air
regulators
 Records of the following should be
kept:
(a) Gasoline quantities delivered to
the facility.
(b) Gasoline quantities dispensed.
(c) Log of maintenance inspections of
Stage II system components
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RECORDKEEPING
Records of the following should be
kept: continued
(d) Invoices or work orders of any
repairs performed on Stage II
system components
(e) Results of any tests of the Stage
II system and its components
(f) Any permits issued by the state
for the operation of the gasoline
dispensing facility and its Stage II
system
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
 All Stage I and II vapor recovery systems shall be
maintained in proper working order in accordance with
the manufacturer's specifications to ensure the integrity
and efficiency of the systems
 If the vapor recovery system or a component of the
system contains a significant defect, the system or
component shall be taken out of service
 No person shall use or permit the use of that system
or component until it has been repaired, replaced or
adjusted
 Minor defects must be repaired within seven days
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Equipment defects that could significantly impair the
effectiveness of the system and require that the system
be taken out of service are:
1. The absence or disconnection of any component
which is required to be used in the system as certified
2. A vapor hose which is crimped or flattened such that
the vapor passage is blocked or the pressure drop
through the vapor hose exceeds the allowed pressure
drop in the system as certified
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
3. A nozzle boot or coaxial hose which is torn in one or
more of the following manners:
a. Triangular-shaped or similar tear 1/2-inch or more to a
side, or a hole 1/2-inch or more in diameter; or
b. Slit, 1-inch or more in length
4. A faceplate or flexible cone damaged by the following:
a. For balance nozzles and for nozzles of aspirator or
educator assist-type systems, damage such that the
capability to achieve a seal with a fill-pipe interface is
affected for 1/4 of the circumference of the faceplate; or
b. For nozzles of those vacuum assist-type systems
which use a flexible cone, damage such that more than
1/4 of the flexible cone is missing
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
5. A nozzle shutoff mechanism which malfunctions in
any manner.
6. Vapor return lines which malfunction or which are
blocked or restricted such that pressure drops through
the lines exceed the requirements of the system as
certified
7. A vapor processing unit which is inoperative.
8. A vacuum producing device which is inoperative.
9. Pressure/vacuum relief valves, vapor check valves,
or Stage I dry breaks which are inoperative.
10. Any other equipment defect which is identified by
your state regulators
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SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
11. Any other defect which could impair the
effectiveness of the Stage II system to recover the
required amount of gasoline vapors displaced
(a) All systems affected by the above defects are to be
considered defective and shall be tagged "Out of Order"
(b) All replacement parts and parts used to retrofit
existing dispensers for Stage II vapor recovery shall be
original equipment manufacturer parts or aftermarket
parts
(c) All facilities shall provide the state access to any and
all components as necessary to determine compliance
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TRAINING
 The owner or operator of a gasoline dispensing
facility shall ensure that at least one representative of
the facility is knowledgeable about the operation and
maintenance of the Stage II vapor recovery system in
use at the facility
 Owners and operators shall know::
1. Equipment operation and function specific to the
facility's Stage I and II vapor recovery system;
2. Maintenance schedules and requirements for the
facility's equipment; and
3. Equipment manufacturer contacts for parts and
service
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RECOMMENDED DAILY
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
1. The spill container is clean and does not contain
gasoline
2. The spill containment drain valve shall be vapor-tight.
3. The fill caps are not missing, damaged or loose.
4.If applicable:
a. the spring-loaded submerged fill tube seals properly
against the coaxial fitting
b. the dry break (poppet valve) is not missing or
damaged.
5. The submerged fill tube is not missing or damaged.
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RECOMMENDED DAILY
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
1.The fueling instructions are clearly displayed with the
appropriate toll-free complaint phone number and toxic
warning signs.
2.The following nozzle components are in place and in
good condition, as specified by the air district:
 faceplate/facecone; vapor splash guard/fill
guard/efficiency compliance device
 bellows
 latching device spring
 vapor check valve
 spout (proper diameter/vapor collection holes)
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RECOMMENDED DAILY
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
 insertion interlock mechanism
 automatic shut-off mechanism
 hold open latch
3. The hoses are not torn, flattened or crimped
4. For vacuum-assist systems, the vapor processing
unit and burner are functioning properly
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
PERIODIC COMPLIANCE INSPECTION PROTOCOL
 The owner/operator of a retail gasoline transfer and
dispensing facility shall at minimum verify the following
during the periodic compliance inspections:
(A) GENERAL INSPECTION
1.The District permit is current.
2.The equipment and District permit description match.
3.The facility complies with all permit conditions.
4.The required signage is properly posted and signs
contains all the necessary information. (I.e. toll-free
compliant phone number, toxic warning sign, etc.)
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
1.The spill container is clean and does not contain
gasoline
2.The fill caps are not missing, damaged or loose
3.If applicable:
a.the spring-loaded submerged fill tube seals properly
against the coaxial fitting
b.the dry break (poppet valve) is not missing or
damaged
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE I VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
4. The submerged fill tube is not missing or damaged
5. The distance between the highest level of the
discharge opening of the submerged fill tube and the
bottom of the stationary storage tank does not exceed
six inches
6. The Phase I vapor recovery system complies with
required state certification and is properly installed
7. The spill box complies with required state certification
and is properly installed
8. The vent pipes are equipped with required
pressure/vacuum relief valves
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY
SYSTEM INSPECTION
1.The fueling instructions are clearly
displayed
2.Each nozzle is the current statecertified model.
3.Each nozzle is installed in
accordance with the state’s regulations
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
STAGE II VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSPECTION
4. The following nozzle components are in place and in
good condition: :
a. faceplate/facecone; vapor splash guard/fill
guard/efficiency compliance device (ECD)
b. bellows
c. latching device spring
d. vapor check valve
e. spout (proper diameter/vapor collection holes)
f. insertion interlock mechanism
g. automatic shut-off mechanism
h. hold open latch
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
5. The hoses are not torn, flattened or crimped
6. The vapor recovery hoses are the required size and
length
7. The hoses with retractors are adjusted to maintain a
proper loop, and the bottom of the loop is within the
distance from the island surface certified by the state for
that particular dispenser configuration
8. The vapor recovery nozzles are equipped with
required hoses
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
9.The bellows-equipped vapor recovery nozzles are
equipped with state certified insertion interlock
mechanisms
10. If required, the flow limiter is not missing and is
installed properly
11. The swivels are not missing, defective, or leaking, and
the dispenser-end swivels, if applicable, are Fire-Marshall
approved with 90-degree stops
12. If required, the liquid removal devices comply with
required state certifications and are properly installed
13. For bellows-less nozzles, the hoses are inverted
coaxial type except for Hirt systems, and the vapor
collection holes are not obstructed
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RECOMMENDED PERIODIC
INSPECTION PROTOCOL
14. For vacuum-assist systems, the vapor processing
unit and burner are functioning properly
15. For aspirator-assist systems, the major components
are present inside each dispenser
 For aspirator-assist systems with certificationrequired calibration stickers, the current calibration
sticker is present
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CLEAN FUELS PROGRAM
 The Clean Air Act Amendments require the sale of
low polluting "reformulated gasoline" in areas with the
worst air pollution problems
 Clean fuels emit less hydrocarbons, and the
hydrocarbons they do emit are slower to form ozone,
and are less toxic
 Emissions from electricity, natural gas, or alcoholpowered vehicles can be as much as 90 percent lower
in toxics and ozone-forming hydrocarbons than
emissions from vehicles fueled with conventional
gasoline
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BENZENE
 Benzene, an ingredient contained
in some gasoline mixtures, is a
suspected carcinogen
 OSHA’s 29 CFR 1910.1028
addresses INDOOR locations that
dispense gasoline for more than 4
hours per day
 Outdoors, occupational exposure
to mixtures greater than 0.1 percent
of benzene is covered under 29 CFR
1910.1200, Hazardous
Communications
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STATIC ELECTRICITY
There are two types of static electricity
fire hazards at refueling facilities:
Type I:
 Filling a Container in the back of a
Car on Carpet or
 Filling a Container in the back of a
Lined Truck Bed
- Static Electricity builds up on the
container and then discharges to the
nozzle, igniting a fire.
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STATIC ELECTRICITY
Type II: Static Discharge from a person
Common Denominators
- Starting the fueling process and engages the hold open
latch
- Getting back into the vehicle during the fueling process,
thus generating static buildup by sliding across the seat
- Reaching for the nozzle and discharges the static,
creating a spark, igniting the vapors.
- Most have occurred at non-stage II locations
- Most often temperatures and relative humidity are low
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UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
 Underground storage tanks (USTs) that contain
gasoline are tightly regulated
 The two primary federal regulations for USTs are:
1. 40 CFR 280 Subparts A-G – Technical Standards and
Corrective Action Requirements for Owners and
Operators of Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)
2. 40 CFT 280 Subpart H – Financial Responsibility for
USTs
Gasoline dispensing facilities should be familiar with
the federal and state UST regulations that impact their
storage tanks
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ABOVEGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
 In many areas of the country, states delegate the
regulation of above ground storage tanks (ASTs) to
local fire departments
 In regulating ASTs, fire departments often use the
Uniform Fire Code, Section 79 and the National Fire
and Protection Association (NFPA) Sections 30 and 30A
 AST owners should find out the specific regulating
guidance for their state
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HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Gasoline is a hazardous material and when it
contaminates other materials or is absorbed by rags or
absorbent, it does makes the materials a hazardous waste
 Materials mixed with gasoline should be stored and
disposed as hazardous waste
 Three federal regulations: :
40 CFR 261 – Identification and listing of hazardous
wastes
40 CFT 262 – Standards applicable to generators of
hazardous waste
29 CFR 19010.120 – Hazardous waste operations and
emergency response
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LARGE SPILLS
 Facilities that could cause "substantial harm" to the
environment are required to prepare and submit a
facility response plan to the EPA
 A large spill is one where 25 gallons or more is
released or if the spill threatens to enter storm drains,
waterways or a sensitive environmental areas
 A best management practice is to develop a
contingency plan for a “worst case” scenario prior to a
large spill occurring
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SMALL SPILLS
 Be prepared to handle small spills of 25 gallons or
less that are contained to pavement and do not enter
storm drains or waterways
 To prepare for a small spill:
1. Read through the Material Safety Data Sheet
2. Acquire the necessary personal protective equipment
3. Acquire the necessary absorbent materials and
spreading equipment.
Important Note: Only acquire Non-sparking rakes,
spreaders and brooms
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SMALL SPILLS
Once a small spill occurs:
1. Don appropriate Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
2. Warn others to stay clear of the area
3. Ensure there are no open sources of electricity or flames
in the area
4. Cone or tape the area off
5. Protect storm drains and other sensitive areas from the
spill
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SMALL SPILLS
6. Start by laying down absorbent socks around the
spill until it is entirely surrounded
7. Once you have contained the oil spill, you will need to
start absorbing the gasoline (If it is more than a couple
of gallons that has spilled, it is recommended that you
first use absorbent mats to soak up the gasoline)
8. For 1 to 2 gallon spills, pour loose absorbent right on
to the spill
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SMALL SPILLS
9. Use only special non-sparking
equipment to spread and pickup
the adsorbent
10. Spread the absorbent through
the gasoline until all of the gasoline
had been absorbed by the
absorbent
 Never just let the gasoline dry
up in place!
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SMALL SPILLS
11. Properly dispose of gasoline
soaked absorbent in a leakproof
container
12. Ensure the container is labeled
“Used Gasoline Absorbent”
13. Either recycle or dispose as
hazardous waste
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SMALL SPILLS
 The MSDS recommends how to
launder any clothing soiled by the
gasoline
 All equipment and PPE should be
cleaned with rags
 Rags should be placed in leak proof
containers and recycled or disposed of
as hazardous waste
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TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS
 Remember, You Control Your Facility or Area!
 Review Procedures With Them Before Starting the Job!
 Ensure They Are Properly Trained!
 Determine Their Environmental Compliance Record!
 Determine Who Is in Charge of Their People!
 Determine How They Will Affect Your Facility’s
Environmental Compliance!
Gasoline Facilities Compliance 58 / 60
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2001
Published by EnviroWin Software LLC
ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL GASOLINE
DISPENSING FACILITY PROGRAM
1. DETAILED WRITTEN GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITY
INSPECTION GUIDELINES.
2. DETAILED WRITTEN GASOLINE DISPENSING FACILITY
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES.
3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP
Gasoline Facilities Compliance 59 / 60
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2001
Published by EnviroWin Software LLC
THE IMPORTANCE OF A
CLEAN ENVIRONMENT
“I would ask all of us to remember
that protecting our environment is
about protecting where we live and
how we live. Let us join together to
protect our health, our economy,
and our communities -- so all of us
and our children and our
grandchildren can enjoy a healthy
and a prosperous life.”
Gasoline Facilities Compliance 60 / 60
© Copyright Training 4 Today 2001
Carol Browner
Former EPA
Administrator
Published by EnviroWin Software LLC