Election
of 1876
Industrialization, 1865-1900
• Child Labor in
Vermont
Tenement housing in New York City
The Knights of Labor was the first national
labor organization in the United States.
The Great Railway Strike of 1877
This 19th century engraving showing exaggerated flames
and smoke was published in popular newspapers and
magazines during the days and weeks following the
Haymarket riot.
Samuel Gompers served as the president of
the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
from 1886 to 1924.
Cattle Trails,
1860–1890
Meat production in 1900
Wounded Knee massacre, 1890
Indian Territory, 1866-89
An advocate of strong
vocational education for blacks,
Booker T. Washington founded
the Tuskegee Institute. His
willingness to accept
segregation and inequality in
exchange for economic
advancement drew criticism
from other black leaders,
especially . . .
W. E. B. Du Bois of the
National Association for
the Advancement of
Colored People
(NAACP). In 1895, Du
Bois became the first
black to be awarded a
doctoral degree from
Harvard University .
"Give me your tired, your
poor,
Your huddled masses
yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your
teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless,
tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the
golden door!"
Chinese workers constructing the Central Pacific Railroad
In this soap advertisement
Uncle Sam kicks a Chinese
immigrant. The bottom of the
poster says “The Chinese Must
Go,” referring to the Chinese
Exclusion Act of 1882 and the
pervasive anti-Chinese
prejudice of the time.
Jewish migration,
1890-1914
Jewish ethnic
concentrations
Lower East Side,
NYC
Cities in 1900
The expansion of
Chicago, 1865-1902
Flatiron Building, was one of
the tallest buildings in New
York City upon its
completion in 1902. The
building was designed by
Chicago's Daniel Burnham
In 1913 the 60-story Woolworth Building, designed by American
architect Cass Gilbert, was the tallest in the world.
Dumbbell tenements
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES by Jacob Riis. This 1890
book exposed the shameful conditions of life in New
York City's tenement district.
The Bend in 1890
The Bend in 2002
Boss Tweed, icon of
corruption and
political machines
Sixth Avenue Elevated at Third Street by John Sloan. Oil 30 x 40. 1928.
Armory Show,
1913
• Marcel Duchamp's
Nude Descending
a Staircase. An art
critic for the New
York Times wrote
that the work
resembled "an
explosion in a
shingle factory"
Ty Cobb
Central Park, NYC designed by Frederick Law Olmsted
MARIANI WINE: FORTIFIES,
STRENGTHENS,
STIMULATES & REFRESHES
THE BODY & BRAIN.
Hastens Convalescence,
especially after Influenza. His
Holiness THE POPE writes that
he has fully appreciated the
beneficient effects of this Tonic
Wine.
Rutherford B. Hayes,
President 1877 to 1881
James Garfield
President, 1881
assassinated
Chester Arthur
President 18811885
• Pendleton Civil
Service Reform
Act, 1883
Grover Cleveland,
President, 1885-1889
& 1893-1897
Benjamin Harrison
President, 1889-1893
Pullman Strike began on May 11, 1894.
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
President, 1893-1901
“Remember the Maine” and to hell with Spain!
The Spanish-American War, 1898
Col. Roosevelt in full
military uniform, 1898
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
at San Juan hill.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Philippine
Independence Movement
U. S. troops in Philippines
US troops in the Philippines, 1899
Lili‘uokalani, Queen of Hawai‘i
Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of
President of the Republic of Hawai’i.
He later became Governor of the
new Territory of Hawai’i.
• The American Empire, 1917
Cartoon
justifying U. S.
imperialism
This cartoon illustrates how many Americans thought the
United States should treat Cuba following the
Spanish-American War
Boxer Uprising “Fists of Righteousness”
President McKinley
assassinated 1901
Theodore Roosevelt,
President 1901-1909
Child coal mine workers
• This photo by Lewis Hine shows young boys
working at a spinning machine. Hine’s
photographs helped lead to the passage of the
first child-labor laws.
Journalist Lincoln
Steffens initiated the
tradition of muckraking
as a means to raise
public consciousness
and motivate reform.
His writings exposed
business and
government corruption.
Jane Addams
founded Hull House,
a center for welfare
work in Chicago.
She championed the
causes of labor
reform, public
education, and
immigrants’ rights.
Upton Sinclair wrote
1906 novel The Jungle,
which exposed
unsanitary conditions in
slaughterhouses.
Sinclair’s work prompted
stricter laws governing
the meat industry.
T.R. as Trust buster
Progressive Laws during T.R.’s presidency
• 1903 - Elkins Act The railroads are prohibited from
giving secret rebates and charging discriminatory rates.
• 1906 - Hepburn Act Railroad rates are set by
Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which also
receives greater authority to regulate railroad operation.
• 1906 - Meat Inspection Act Inspection is required for
cattle, sheep, goats, and hogs sold for meat in interstate
or foreign commerce.
• 1906 - Pure Food and Drug Act Regulation of food and
drugs is increased with the requirement to use pure
ingredients and list them on packaging.
The Teddy Bear
• TR with
Booker T.
Washington
U.S. interventions, 1895-1941
William Howard Taft,
President 1909-1913
Progressive Laws in Taft presidency
• 1910 - The ICC is granted the power to suspend
proposed railroad rate changes and given control over
communications companies such as telephone,
telegraph, radio, and cable. (Mann-Elkins Act)
• 1913 - Congress is given the power to establish a
national income tax. (16th Amendment)
• 1913 - U.S. senators are elected by popular vote,
rather than by state legislatures. (17th Amendment)
Election
Of 1912
The U.S. Supreme Court in 1925. Taft is seated in the bottom row, middle.
Woodrow Wilson,
President 1913-1921
Wilson’s Progressive Record
• 1913 - Federal Reserve Act
• 1913 - Underwood Tariff reduced tariff rates to 28%
• 1914 - Federal Trade Commission.
• 1914 - Clayton Antitrust Act
• 1916 - Child Labor Act In 1918, however, the act is declared
unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, which rules that it
infringes on personal freedom.
• 1916 - An eight-hour workday is established for rail employees.
(Adamson Act)
• 1919 - Prohibition, which outlawed alcoholic drinks, is enacted.
(18th Amendment) It is repealed in 1933. (21st Amendment)
• 1920 - Women are given the right to vote. (19th Amendment)
Europe
in 1914
Principle Ethnic
Groups in AustriaHungary, c. 1900
The Balkans
in 1914
The Schlieffen Plan
The British steamship
Lusitania is shown here
departing from New
York on its last trip in
1915. During this
voyage a German
submarine torpedoed
the ship off the Irish
coast, causing it to sink
in 20 minutes; 128
Americans were killed.
• The Zimmermann Telegram
During World War I, the
U. S. Army used
James Montgomery
Flagg’s poster to
attract recruits.
U. S. troops in WWI
Women shipyard workers
Leaders from the United States, Britain, France, and Italy met at
the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and drafted the Treaty of
Versailles. Left to right, British prime minister David Lloyd
George, Italian foreign minister Giorgio Sonnino, French
premier Georges Clemenceau, and U.S. president Woodrow
Wilson.
Russian
Civil War