Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
Overview
4/13/2005
Craig Tooley
1
2008 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)
First Step in the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program
Robotic Lunar Exploration Program
LRO Objectives
• Characterization of the lunar radiation
environment, biological impacts, and potential
mitigation. Key aspects of this objective include
determining the global radiation environment,
investigating the capabilities of potential shielding
materials, and validating deep space radiation
prototype hardware and software.
• Develop a high resolution global, three
dimensional geodetic grid of the Moon and provide
the topography necessary for selecting future
landing sites.
• Assess in detail the resources and environments
of the Moon’s polar regions.
• High spatial resolution assessment of the Moon’s
surface addressing elemental composition,
mineralogy, and Regolith characteristics
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
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LRO Mission Overview
Science and Exploration Objectives
ICE (Resources)
Human adaptation
Biological adaptation to
lunar environment
(radiation, gravitation, dust...)
Topography & Environments
Environs
Polar
Regions
GEOLOGY
Understand the current state and
evolution of the volatiles (ice)
and other resources in context
Develop an understanding of the
Moon in support of human
exploration (hazards, topography,
Prepare for Human
Exploration
navigation, environs)
When • Where • Form • Amount
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
3
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission
LRO Payload
•
Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Measurement Investigation –
LOLA will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high
resolution, measure landing site slopes and search for polar ices in
shadowed regions.
•
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) – LROC will acquire
targeted images of the lunar surface capable of resolving small-scale
features that could be landing site hazards, as well as wide-angle images at
multiple wavelengths of the lunar poles to document changing illumination
conditions and potential resources.
•
Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) – LEND will map the flux of
neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice and
provide measurements of the space radiation environment which can be
useful for future human exploration.
•
Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment – Diviner will map the temperature
of the entire lunar surface at 300 meter horizontal scales to identify cold-traps
and potential ice deposits.
•
Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) – LAMP will observe the entire
lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ices and
frosts in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed
regions illuminated only by starlight.
•
Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) – CRaTER
will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics
as a constraint on models of biological response to background space
radiation.
LRO Conceptual Design
LRO Timeline
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
4/6 FBO
6/18
AO Release
12/3 PER
12/22
AO Select
7/15 PDR
10/15
Confirm
6/15 CDR
4/2 MOR
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
10/15
Instrument
Delivery
3/28/2005
2009
7/15 MRR
10/15 LRD
11/15 EOM
Extended
Mission
4
LRO Mission Overview
LRO Payload – Instruments & Data Products
Instrument
CRaTER
(BU+MIT)
Diviner
(UCLA)
LAMP
(SWRI)
LEND
(Russia)
LOLA
(GSFC)
LROC
(NWU+MSSS)
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Benefit
Deliverables
Shielding
constraints
Tissue equivalent
response to radiation
Surface
temperatures
300m scale maps of
Temperature, surface
ice, rocks
Frosts?
“atmosphere”?
Maps of frosts in
permanently
shadowed areas, etc.
Ice in regolith
down to 1 m ?
Maps of water ice in
upper 1 m of Moon at
5km scales
Precision, safe
navigation (3D)
~50 m scale polar
topography at < 1 m
vertical, roughness
Landing
hazards and
some
resources
1000’s of 50cm/pixel
images (125km2), and
entire Moon at 100m
in UV, Visible
3/28/2005
5
LRO Addresses National Academy Science
Priorities for the Moon (NRC Decadal, 2002)
NRC Priority Investigation
NRC approach
How LRO treats
Geodetic Topography
(crustal evolution)
Altimetry from
orbit (with
precision orbits)
Global geodetic
topography at ~100m
scales (< 1m rms)
Local Geologic Studies
In 3D (geol. Evolution)
Imaging,
topography (at m
scales)
Sub-meter scale imaging
with derived local
topography
Polar Volatile
Inventory
Spectroscopy and
other from orbit
Neutron and IR
spectroscopy in 3D context
+ UV (frosts)
Geophysical Network
(interior evolution)
In situ landed
stations with
seismometers
Crustal structure to
optimize siting and
landing safety
Global Mineralogical
Mapping (crustal evolution)
Orbital
hyperspectral
mapping
100m scale multispectral
and 5km scale H mapping
Targeted Studies to
Calibrate Impact Flux
(chronology)
Imaging and in
situ
geochronology
Sub-meter imaging of
Apollo sites for flux
validation and siting
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
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LRO Project Initial Evolution
•
RLE program and LRO project came into existence at GSFC nearly simultaneously with the
ORDT held in March 2004.
– ORDT defined prioritized exploration supporting measurements sets that became the basis
of the payload AO
•
Primary focus during Spring and Summer 2004 was performing technical definition necessary to
release the AO and beginning the technical trade studies to define the mission.
– Core spacecraft technical team brought on-board (part time) to develop enveloping
requirements based on ORDT strawman payloads
– Skeleton Program and Project infrastructure put in place
•
During the Fall of 2004 the project and technical staffing began to ramp up as key conceptual
studies were conducted.
– Draft LRO requirements flowed down from NASA ESMD/SMD to be definitized based on the
selected payload.
•
Instrument payload selected December 22, 2004.
– GSFC authorizing instrument development pre-contract cost expenditures beginning the
week of January 10th . Phase A/B contracts to be in place within 60 days.
– Kick-off meeting held at GSFC January 12-14th
•
Mission PDR planned for July 27, 2005
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
7
LRO Mission Overview
Flight Plan – Direct using 3-Stage ELV
•
•
•
•
•
Launch on a Delta II class rocket into a
direct insertion trajectory to the moon.
On-board propulsion system used to
capture at the moon, insert into and
maintain 50 km altitude circular polar
reconnaissance orbit.
1 year mission
Orbiter is a 3-axis stabilized, nadir
pointed spacecraft designed to operate
continuously during the primary
mission.
LRO is designed to be capable of
performing an extended mission of up
to 4 additional years in a low
maintenance orbit.
Moon at encounter
Cis-lunar transfer
5.1978 day transfer
Launch C3 –2.07 km2/s2
Sun direction
Cis-Lunar Transfer
Lunar Orbit
1-day
Insertion and Circularization
Impulsive Vs (m/s)
1 – 344.24
2 – 113.06
3 – 383.91
4 – 11.45
5 – 12.18
100 and 50km
mission orbits
Earth
6-hour orbit
Nominal Cis-lunar Trajectory
12-hour orbit
Solar Rotating Coordinates
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
8
LRO Mission Overview
Orbiter
INSTRUMENTS
Space Segment Design
HGA
LROC
SpaceWire
Network
LAMP
SERVICE MODULE
S-Xpndr
Comm
Hi-Rate
Tlm
SSR
LAMP Sci. & HK
HGA
Ka-Xmtr
SBC
LOLA
LEND
HK / IO
Discretes
Thermistors
Closed Loop Htrs
Heat Pump Loop
C&DH LVPC HK
ST(2)
HGA
Gimbals
Thermal
IRW(4)
Diviner
C&DH
Command & Data Handling
Comm
Communications
CRaTER
Cosmic Ray Telescope for
the Effects of Radiation
CSS
Coarse Sun Sensor
EVD
Engine Valve Driver
HGA
High-Gain Antenna
H/W
Hardware
HK
Housekeeping
IO
Input/Output
IMU
Integrated Momentum Unit
IRW
Integrated Reaction Wheel
LAMP
LEND
LVPC
Unsw. + 28V
LRO Preliminary Configuration
Omnis
Low-Rate
Cmds & Tlm
Power Bus
SOLAR ARRAY
H/W Decoded
Command
Discretes
LOLA
C&DH
LROC
IMU
LVPC
MIL-STD-1553 Network
CSS(8)
CRaTER
OM
PDE
PMC
PMC
Battery
NC
SAM
Mass
1257 kg
Power ( bus orbit ave.)
600 W
Measurement Data
Volume
575 Gb/day
Solar
Array
SA
Gimbals
OM
Sw. and
Unsw.
+28V Pwr
Services
Prop/Dep-A
Prop/Dep-B
OM
Prop/Dep-C
OM
Prop/Dep-D
PSE
Pressurant
Tank
Propulsion
Preliminary LRO Characteristics
Gimbal Ctl
Gimbal Ctl
PDE
SA & HG
Deploy
Actuation
Lyman-Alpha Mapping
Project
Lunar Exploration Neutron
Detector
Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter
Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter Camera
Low Voltage Power
Converter
Output Module
Propulsion Deployable
Electronics
Power Management
Controller
PSE
Power System Electronics
SA
Solar Array
SAM
Solar Array Module
ST
Star Tracker
SBC
Single Board Computer
SSR
Solid State Recorder
Xmtr
Transmitter
Xpndr
Transponder
NC
P
R
R
P
Propellant Tank
P
LRO Systems
Block Diagram
3-22-05
________________
Approved
Preliminary System Block Diagram
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
9
LRO Mission Overview
Ground System
•
LRO Ground System and Mission Operations concepts are established
Mission Operations Center
(GSFC)
CFDP Status
Information/Ack
S-Band Commands
S-B
and
CM
LM
dT
D /T
LM
an
-B
Ka
Real-Time
Telemetry &
Control
Mission
Planning
Data Storage
Level – 0
Data
Processing
Trending
Operations
Data
Distribution
System
Ka-Band Science
Data
S-Band Telemetry
Science Planning
Products
Flight Dynamics
Products
Ka-Band Station
S-Band Station
Ground Network
Ka-Band
Science
Data
Network
LRO Ground Network Baseline
Configuration
• 18m KA/S station at White Sands
• 2 X Upgraded S-Band Stations situated
for continuous coverage
• Additional S-band STDN back-ups
Level-0 Science
Data
Flight Dynamics
(GSFC)
Spacecraft
Data
Navigation
S-Band
Tracking Data
Attitude
Orbit
S-Band Tracking
Data
LRO Operations Synopsis
•3x 45 min of Ka-band downlink/day
• Near continuous S-band Tracking
30min/orbit (near-side)
• Plan 1 command upload/day
• Orbit adjust required every ~ 4 weeks
• MOC routes Level 0 data to PI SOCs
• SOCs deliver to PDS
• MOC maintains short term
archive
S-Band
Telemetry
Science Planning
Products
CFDP
Status
Information/Ack
Instrument
Science
Centers
Processed Science Products
R/T HSK?
LRO Ground Data System Architecture
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
Ø
LRO Ka-Band D/L: 125 Mbps
LRO S-Band D/L: 100 kbps / 100 kbps
S-Band Data includes R-T HSK Data
Ka-Band Data includes all Science data packets and
stored HSK
Plan 1 command upload per day
Near continuous tracking 30 min per hour
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Level – 0 Science
Data
LRO R-T
Commands
3/28/2005
Processed Science
Products
Planetary Data System
(Geosciences Node)
10
Developing & Executing the Mission
Project Organization
Lunar
LunarReconnaissance
Reconnaissance
Orbiter
Orbiter(LRO)
(LRO)
Project
ProjectManger
Manger
C.C.Tooley
Tooley
LRO
LROProject
Project
Scientist
Scientist
G.G.Chin
Chin
400
Procurement
Procurement
Manager
Manager
TBD
TBD
Systems
SystemsAssurance
Assurance
Manager
Manager
R.R.Kolecki
Kolecki 300
Program
Program
DPM(s)/Resources
DPM(s)/Resources
TBD
TBD
Program
ProgramSupport
Support
Manager
Manager
K.K.Opperhauser
Opperhauser 400
Safety
SafetyManager
Manager
D.D.Bogart
Bogart 300
Program
ProgramFinancial
Financial
Manager(s)
Manager(s)
W.
Sluder
W. Sluder 400
Program
ProgramSupport
Support
Specialist(s)
Specialist(s)
Contracting
ContractingOfficer
Officer
Julie
JulieJanus
Janus
600
200
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Engineer
Engineer
N.N.Virmani
Virmani 300
LRO
LROMission
Mission
Systems
SystemsEngineer
Engineer
TBD
500
TBD
Spacecraft
SpacecraftSystems
Systems
Engineer
Engineer
M.
M.Pryzby
Pryzby
Software/Hardware
Software/Hardware
Systems
SystemsEngineer
Engineer
C.C.Wildermann
Wildermann 500
Communication
Communication
J. Soloff
J. Soloff
500
Materials
MaterialsEngineer
Engineer
P.P.Joy
Joy
Mission Flight
Engineer
Mechanical
Mechanical
G. Rosanova
G. Rosanova
500
CM
D. Yoder
Scheduling
DM
M. Houghton 500
MIS
Avionics Systems
Engineer
P. Luers
400
A. Eaker
500
Payload
PayloadSystems
Systems
Manager
Manager
A.A.Bartels
Bartels 400
500
500
Operations
OperationsSystem
System
Engineer
Engineer
R.R.Saylor
Saylor 500
Program
ProgramResource
Resource
Analyst(s)
Analyst(s)
TBD
TBD
Ground
GroundSegment
Segment
Manager
Manager
R.R.Schweiss
Schweiss 400
General Business
Launch
LaunchVehicle
Vehicle
Manager
Manager
T.T.Jones
400
Jones
K. Yoder
Matrixed from Program
Instrument
Instrument
Systems
SystemsEngineer
Engineer
J.J.Baker
Baker 500500
I&T
I&TSystems
Systems
Engineer
Engineer
500
J.J.Baker
Baker
C&DH
C&DH
Q. Nguyen
Q. Nguyen
Electrical
Electrical
R. Kinder
R. Kinder
500
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
500
CRaTER
CRaTER
Diviner
Diviner
D. Spence
D. Spence
Boston Univ.
GN&C
GN&C
Systems
Systems
E. Holmes
E. Holmes
500
LROC
LROC
LAMP
LAMP
S. Stern
S. Stern
I. Mitrofanov
I. Mitrofanov
Northwester Univ.
SWRI
ISR, Moscow
D. Paige
D. Paige
UCLA
Propulsion
Propulsion
C. Zakrzwski
C. Zakrzwski
M. Robinson
M. Robinson
GN&C
GN&C
Hardware
Hardware
J. Simspon
J. Simspon
500
ACS
ACS
Analysis
Analysis
J. Garrick
J. Garrick500
Craig Tooley/431
3/28/2005
500
Flight Dynamics
Flight Dynamics
M. Beckman
M. Beckman
D. Folta
D. Folta 500
LEND
LEND
Power
Power
T. Spitzer
T. Spitzer
500
LOLA
LOLA
D. Smith
D. Smith
GSFC
Software
Software
M. Blau
M. Blau
500
Thermal
Thermal
C. Baker
C. Baker
GDS
GDS
R. Saylor
R. Saylor
500
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LRO Mission Schedule
LRO Mission Schedule
Ver. 0.3
1/5/05
2004
Task
Q2
LRO Mission Milestones
Q3
AO Release
2005
Q4
Q1
IARs
AO Se l.
Q2
2006
Q3
Q4
Confirm ation
IPDR
Q1
Q2
Q3
2007
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2008
Q4
ICDR
Q2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
LRO Launch
IPSR
CDR
2009
Q3
FOR/ORR
M OR
PDR
Q1
PSR
PER
M RR
LRR
Mission Feasibility Definition
Key Near Term Events
• Project SRR/IAR – April 27-28, 2005
• Mission Level 1 Baseline – Late May 05
• Mission PDR – July 27, 05
•IPDRs during prior month
Payload Proposal
Development
Payload Preliminary Design
System Definition
S/C &GDS/OPS Preliminary
Design
Payload Design (Final)
(1M Float)
Spacecraft Design (Final)
Network Acquisition
GDS/OPS Definition/ Design
Payload Fab/Assy/Test
Payload com ple te (Final De live ry to I&T)
S/C Fab/Assy/Bus Test
S/C com ple te (Final de live ry to I&T)
GND Net Test Ready
GDS/OPS Development
Implemention & Test
s/c
s/c
Pay load
subsy s subsy s
Integration and Test
(1M Float)
Ship to KSC
S/C Bus
Launch Site Operations
GDS
s/c
(1M Float)
subsy s
(1M Float)
LRO LAUNCH
Mission Operations
Craig Tooley/431
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
3/28/2005
12
What’s Beyond LRO?
Beyond LRO?:
Exploration of a
potential resource:
Validation of water ice
and in situ biological
sentinel experiments?
Some options…
Beyond LRO?:
NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Follow-on to LRO,
filling key gaps,
including regolith
characterization in
3D, far-side gravity,
landing site hazards,
Telecomm.
Craig Tooley/431 3/28/2005
infrastructure?
Beyond LRO?: potential lunar
experiment returns and demos?
13