5.2.16 PDN
• How would you explain the relationship
between the Soviets (Stalin) and the Western
Allies (Churchill and Roosevelt)?
10.1 New Global Conflict
Summarize how the outcome of World War II contributed to the
development of the Cold War.
Identify continuing Cold War conflicts in Germany and Eastern
Europe.
Explain the growth of the nuclear arms race.
Analyze how the Cold War became a global conflict.
Compare the United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
First Objective
• Summarize how the outcome of World War II
contributed to the development of the Cold
War.
Wartime Alliance Breaks Apart
• WW2 = Cooperation among Western Allies and
Soviets.
• Conflicting ideologies and mutual distrust led to Cold
War.
• U.S.A. + USSR (Russia) – Major Rivals during Cold
War despite agreements
at Yalta conference.
The Cold War Begins
• Focus begins with Eastern Europe.
• First, Stalin wanted to
spread communism into
the area.
• Secondly, to create a
buffer zone against
future German attacks.
Continued…
• As the Red Army (USSR) pushed Nazis out of Eastern
Europe they left behind occupying soldiers.
• Stalin felt the USSR should determine the fate of
Eastern Europe just like the Allies were going to
determine the fate of Japan and Italy.
Continued…
• Roosevelt and Churchill rejected Stalin’s view.
• Made Stalin promise “free elections,” in Eastern
Europe but he ignored those requests.
• Many Eastern European countries were already
communist, backed by the Red Army they destroyed
rival political parties and
assassinated democratic
leaders.
Objective Review
• How did the outcome of WWII contribute to the
development of the Cold War?
5.3.16 PDN
• What led to the Cold War?
New Objective
• Identify continuing Cold War conflicts in
Germany and Eastern Europe.
The Iron Curtain
• 1946, “Iron Curtain” became a symbol of the Cold
War fear of communism.
• Europe divided into Eastern and Western bloc.
• East – Soviet-dominated communist countries.
• West – democracies led by the U.S..
The Truman Doctrine
• “Communism = evil force,” according to Truman.
• Truman Doctrine outlined a foreign policy where
the United States would support free peoples.
– Rooted in Containment – limiting communism.
Marshall Plan Aids Europe
• Postwar hunger and poverty made Eastern Europe a
perfect place for communism.
• To strengthen democratic governments, U.S.
provided a massive aid package (Marshall Plan).
– Funneled food and money to Europe to help countries
rebuild and prevent spread of communism.
– Stalin forbade Eastern European countries to accept aid.
5.5.16
• What was the Marshall
Plan?
A Divided Germany
• Another focus of growing tensions between US +
USSR.
• Dismantled factories and moved resources to the
Soviet Union as a mean of reparation.
• Western powers also took reparations but
encouraged free Germany to rebuild using Marshall
Plan aid.
Continued…
• Western democracies let the people write a
constitution and regain self-government.
• Eastern Germany installed a socialist dictatorship
tied to Moscow.
Berlin Airlift
• Even though Berlin laid deep into Soviet zone it was
occupied by all four victorious Allies.
• June 1948, Stalin blocked every road and highway
into Western Berlin.
• Western powers responded with round-the-clock
airlifts for a whole year.
– Bringing food and fuel to western Berliners.
– Soviets ended blockade.
– Deepened Tensions.
New Alliances
• 1949, the military alliance of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) is formed.
• 1955, Soviet Union forms its own alliance, the
Warsaw Pact.
– Used to keep satellite countries in Eastern Europe in
order.
The Propaganda War
• U.S. spoke of defending capitalism and democracy
against communism and totalitarianism.
• The USSR claimed the moral high ground in the
struggle against Western imperialism.
Two Opposing Sides in Europe
• Cold War deepens, US + USSR face off in Europe and
other parts of the war.
• Superpowers avoided direct confrontation.
• Several incidents brought Europe to the brink of
war.
The Berlin Wall
• West Berlin – Showcase for prosperity
• East Berlin – Meh
– Caused many people flee into Western Berlin.
– Soviets built a wall to keep them in.
Continued…
• Berlin Wall – Massive concrete barrier, topped with
barbed wire and patrolled by guards.
Objective Review
• Identify continuing Cold War conflicts in
Germany and Eastern Europe.
New Objective
• Explain the growth of the nuclear arms race.
Revolts in Eastern Europe
• Early 1968, Czech leader Alexander Dubcek
introduced freedom of expression and limited
democracy.
– “Prague Spring”
• Soviet leaders feared democracy would threaten
communist power.
• Warsaw Pact troops ousted Dubcek and ended
reforms.
The Nuclear Arms Race
• Each side wanted to be able to withstand an attack
by the other.
• U.S.A. first to obtain atomic bomb.
• 1949, Soviets develop their own atomic bomb.
• 1953, Hydrogen Bomb discovered.
The Balance of Terror
• Both superpowers spent tons of money to develop
new, deadlier conventional weapons.
– “Delivery systems” – bombers, missiles, submarines for
launching weapons of mass destruction.
Continued…
• Critics argued that nuclear war would destroy both
sides.
• However, each superpower wanted to deter the
other from launching nuclear weapons.
• (MAD = Mutually Assured Destruction)
– If one side launches a nuclear weapon so would the
other.
– MAD discouraged nuclear
Warfare but haunted the world.
Disarmament Talks
• Superpowers met to discuss reducing arms however
distrust slowed progress.
– 1963, Nuclear Test Ban Treaty – prohibited the testing of
nuclear weapons in the atmosphere (Underground).
– 1969, (SALT – Strategic Arms Limitation) Talks to reduce
amount of nuclear weapons.
– 1972, 1979 – Both sides signed agreements to reduce
arms.
– 1991, (START – Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) led to
the reduction of a large number of nuclear weapons.
An Era of Detente
• Détente – relaxation of tensions.
• Agreements to reduce nuclear stockpile.
• Ended in 1979, when Soviets invaded Afghanistan.
Limiting the Spread of Nuclear Weapons
• By the late 1960s, Britain, France and China
developed their own nuclear weapons.
• In 1968, dozens of nations signed the (NPT –
Nuclear Proliferation Treaty).
– Agreed not to develop nuclear weapons and cooperate
in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
Objective Review
• Explain the Growth of the
Nuclear Arms Race.