Chapter 2
Section 4: Middle &
Southern Colonies
•
The Dutch in NY
• 1621- Dutch West India Co. to
develop trade started New
Netherlands on the Hudson Bay &
Delaware Rivers
• A thriving colony
–New Amsterdam, mouth of the
Hudson (Manhattan)
• Director was Peter Minuit
• Traded goods with the Natives to
use the Hudson
• 3 reasons for success
–Fruitful country, Navigable rivers,
Natives bring fur to trade
• First synagogue (Religious
freedom)
England takes over
• 1664- King Charles II declared
that the entire region belonged to
his brother, the Duke of York
–York sent a fleet of 4 ships &
100’s of soldiers
–Easily taken over & renames NY
The Other Middle Colonies
• New Jersey
–York split it in East Jersey & West
Jersey
–East- New York
–West- Pennsylvania
–1702- came together as a royal
colony
William Penn in Pennsylvania
• 1681- received a huge land
grant from King Charles II
–Owed Penn’s Father
• “Penn’s Woods”
• Religious tolerance
• Made agreement with the
Natives over land use & then
brought people over
• Quakers- people should be
treated as equals
Delaware
• 1638- first Swedish settlement
• Captured by the Dutch, then
taken by York
• 1682- turned over to Penn who
allowed it to be a separate
colony
The Southern Colonies
•
• Maryland
–Idea of George Calvert
–Wanted a safe place for Roman
Catholics to live
–Asked for a charter in the
Chesapeake Bay- died before
written
• Issued to his son Lord Baltimore
• 1st arrived in 1634
–Maryland Act of Toleration
(Puritans outnumber Catholics)
»To prevent Catholic
persecution (anyone who
believed in Jesus)
• Changed to non-Christians
would be put to death
• Grew tobacco & started to
enslave Africans
The Carolinas
• King granted ownership to a
group of English nobles in 1663
• Split into North & South in 1712
• 1719- SC became a royal colony
& 1729 NC did the same
• Thrived on tobacco profits &
trade with the Natives
Georgia
• Set up as a proprietary colony
in 1732
–Managed by trustees
• Led by James Oglethorpe
• Wanted to make a haven for
people who had been in jail in
Europe for not paying debts
• Also protected the Southern
colonies against attack from
Spanish raiders in Florida
• Strict rules
–No slaves or drinking hard
liquor
• All professions were allowed
–Catholics were not tolerated
• Peace with Natives
• Rules gradually changed
• After 20 years trustees gave
their charter back & it became
a royal colony in 1752