Chapter 16 “Life at the
Turn of the Twentieth
Century”
Sec. 3 “The World of Jim Crow”
Vocabulary
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Poll tax
Grandfather clause
Segregation
Jim Crow
Plessy v. Ferguson
Lynching
NAACP
1. How were African Americans discriminated
against after Reconstruction?
• Voting restrictions (poll tax, literacy tests, &
grandfather classes)
• Segregation-Jim crow laws
• Facilities designated for blacks were almost
always inferior
2. How did African Americans resist this
discrimination?
• black leaders began to speak out against lynching
and to seek new approaches to race problems.
• Episcopal church advocated black pride and
emigration to Africa
• supported legal cases against segregation and gave
financial support for civil rights and black businesses
3. How was lynching used to intimidate African
Americans?
• Victims would overstepped their status as second-class
citizens or had shown too little respect to whites.
• Occasionally they were in financial competition with
whites.
• Purpose: keep them as 2nd class citizens
4. When and why was the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People
formed?
• a national conference on the “Negro Question” held
1909.
• Leaders of the Niagara Movement attended.
• purpose was to abolish segregation and
discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil
rights for African Americans.
5. How did Plessy v. Ferguson contribute to the
denial of equal rights for African Americans?
• The Court stated that the 14th amendment was “not intended
to give Negroes social equality but only political and civil
equality.”
• The “equal” part of the “separate-but-equal” ruling in
Plessy proved hard to enforce,
• African American schools and facilities in the South were
rarely if ever made equal.
Review Prepare your response cards
In 1910, the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People began
fighting for
A) unions.
B) civil rights.
C) segregation.
D) Jim Crow laws.
B) civil rights.
In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme
Court decided that
A) black schools were inferior to white schools.
B) segregation was illegal.
C) blacks had the right to vote.
D) segregation was legal.
D) segregation was legal.
Ida B. Wells was a
A) noted African American writer and civil rights activist.
B) white social worker who had worked in black
neighborhoods.
C) conductor on the Underground Railroad.
D) co-founder of the Tuskegee Institute.
A) noted African American writer and civil
rights activist.
Jim Crow laws were intended to
A) end racial discrimination.
B) give African Americans the right to vote.
C) prevent African Americans from exercising their rights.
D) force African Americans to move to the South.
C) prevent African Americans from exercising
their rights.
Poll taxes and literacy tests in the South were
intended to
A) keep African Americans from voting.
B) improve the quality of voters.
C) ensure that local financial coffers were not depleted.
D) raise the educational standards of the communities.
A) keep African Americans from voting.
What organization was founded during a
national convention organized by social worker
Mary White Ovington?
A) the Niagara Movement
B) the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
C) the Chicago Women's Club
D) the Women's Christian Temperance Union
B) the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
True/False
• Discrimination was also widespread in the South,
but it was in the North that the color line was
clearly drawn in all aspects of daily life.
False
• Discrimination in North
• All aspects of life in South
True/False
• Grandfather laws exempted men from certain voting restrictions
if they had already voted, or if they had ancestors (grandfathers)
who had voted prior to blacks being granted suffrage.
True
True/False
• In the Plessy v. Ferguson case, The Fourteenth
Amendment, the Court stated, was “not intended to give
Negroes social equality but only political and civil
equality.”
True
True/False
• In the early 1900s, African American mutual aid
and benefit societies decreased, and social workers
and church groups closed settlement houses in
black neighborhoods.
False