1. regionA large area in which places share similar characteristics 2. landform A natural feature of the earth’s surface 3. mountainA very high landform often with steep sides 4. plainAn area of flat land that often is covered with grass or trees 5. desertAn area that receives less than ten inches of rain in one year 6. canyonA deep valley with steep, rocky walls 7. plateauA large, flat raised area of land 8. boundaryA line or natural feature that separates one area or state from another 1. Northeast RegionRegion that contains the country’s oldest mountain range- the Appalachian Mountains 2. Southeast RegionRegion where the Appalachian Mountains gradually flatten to the Atlantic Coastal Plain 3. Southwest RegionRegion that is very dry with many deserts, canyons, and plateaus 4. Midwest RegionRegion that has flat, grassy plains and large areas of forests 5. West RegionRegion that has extremes both in temperatures and landforms 6. Washington, D.C.The capital city of the U.S. located in the District of Columbia, 39◦ N 77◦W Regions 1. A region is an area where places share similar characteristics, but there can be differences. 2. There are 5 regions in the United States (Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and West). a) The Northeast has the Appalachian Mountains, the oldest mountains in North America, a rocky coastline, and good farmland the more west you go in this region. b) In the Southeast the Appalachians gradually flatten into the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Mississippi and Red Rivers create rich farmland in this region. c) The Midwest is a flat, grassy plain, with 4 of the 5 Great Lakes in this region. d) The Southwest is dry, with very little rain. The Grand Canyon was carved out by the Colorado River. e) The West is a region of extremes. It has the highest and lowest landforms and temperatures. Borders 1. A border or boundary is a line or natural feature that separates one area or state from another. 2. State borders can only be seen on maps, are legal, and are set by the government. 3. Regional borders are not set by any rule or law and can be different from book to book. 1. weatherThe condition of the air at a certain time and place 2. climateThe weather patterns in one place over a long period of time 3. precipitationThe amount of moisture that falls as rain, snow, sleet, or hail 4. temperatureA measurement telling how hot or cold something is 5. humidityThe amount of moisture in the air 6. equatorThe imaginary line that circles the center of Earth from east to west 7. elevationHow high a place is above sea level 8. Tropical climateAn area that is usually very warm all year 9. Polar climateArea around the North and South poles with the coldest temperatures 10. Subarctic climateAn area with short, warm summers and ground covered in snow for most of the rest of the year 11. Temperate climateModerate area between the tropical and subarctic climates Weather and Climate 1. Weather is the condition of the air at a certain time and place. 2. Climate is the weather of a place averaged over a long period of time. 3. Both precipitation (rain and snow) and temperature are factors for weather and climate. Water in the Air—The Rain Cycle 1. Energy from the sun evaporates the water from the ground into the air and changes it into water vapor. 2. As the water vapor rises, it cools down and forms tiny drops of water. 3. Millions of these tiny drops join together to form a cloud. 4. Inside the cloud, the tiny drops grow into bigger drops. When the cloud is too heavy the drops fall as rain/snow. 5. The precipitation falls to the ground and the cycle starts over again. Causes of Climate 1. Distance from the equator a) The sun’s rays hit directly at the equator all year causing it to have a warm climate. 2. Distance from a large body of water a) Land heats and cools faster than water. 3. Elevation of a place a) The higher you go, the colder it will get. Types of Climate 1. Tropical Climate: warm all year. 2. Subtropical Climate: warm all year, but not as warm as a tropical. 3. Polar Climate: coldest climate found at the North and South Poles. 4. Subarctic Climate: warm periods in summer, but covered in snow most of the year. 5. Temperate Climate: warm in the summer, cold in the winter. (Climate we live in) 1. Natural resourceSomething in the environment that can be used 2. Raw materialSomething that is changed so that people can use it 3. processTo change something so that people can use it 4. harvestCut for use, as a crop 5. industrya business that makes a product or provides a service 6. manufacturingmaking things to use or sell 7. productsomething that people make or grow 8. Capital resourcesomething people make in order to produce other products 9. agriculturethe raising of crops or animals 10. conserveto use resources carefully 11. Renewable resourcea natural resource that can be replaced 12. recycleto use something more than once (reuse) 13. Nonrenewable resourcea resource that cannot be replaced. 14. Human resourcesA person that makes products or provides services 15. serviceJob that someone does for others Regional Resources 1. There are 3 main kinds of resources: a) natural resource- something in the environment that can be used b) capital resources- something people make in order to produce other products c) human resources- a person that makes products or provides services 2. Renewable resources can be replaced and nonrenewable resources cannot. a) Renewable resources: cotton, cattle, corn, fish, lumber, sugarcane, rice, wheat b) Nonrenewable resources: gold, silver, coal, oil, natural gas Resources or Industries by Region 1. Northeast: farming, fishing, coal, factories 2. Southeast: Agriculture, sugar cane, cotton, rice, soil 3. Midwest: corn, soybeans, wheat, cows, hogs, soil 4. Southwest: farming, cattle, cotton, oil, natural gas, factories 5. West: farming, soil, silver, gold, cattle, timber, fish, fruits, nuts, vegetables