Lab practical 3 – study outline
This list is general. We might add/take off some topics in class. It is your
responsibility to update this review list
Ex. 9 – classification and structure of bones and cartilage
1. Bone shapes
2. Bone structure – compact and spongy
3. Bone histology
Look at different bones, Look at bone slides
Ex. 10 – Axial skeleton
1. Skull – know the different sutures, bones (Cranial and facial) and structure and
foramina on bones
2. Vertebral column – the general structure of a vertebra, different vertebrae
groups and the difference between them in structure. How vertebrae connect to
each other and to other bones.
3. Thoracic/rib cage –the bones that build the rib cage, names, structures on bone
and connection between the bones
Ex. 11 – the appendicular skeleton
1. Pectorial girdle – Shoulder bones
Upper limb – humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus and phalange
2. Pelvic girdle – pelvic bones
Lower limb – femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, phalange
Work according to the notes on the website.
- Know the structures on the bone and the connection points
between the bones
- Know to recognize the
anterior/posterior/medial/lateral/proximal/distal orientation of
the bones.
- Know to identify the side of the body to which the bone belongs.
Ex. 13 – articulations
1. Joints classification – by movement (diarthrosis, amphioarthrosis, syarthrosis),
by the connection between bones (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial).
2. The general structure of synovial joint – articular capsule, synovial membrane,
synovial cavity and fluid, articular cartilage, ligaments, articular discs
3. Different types of synovial joints (gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball
and socket – fig 13.4 for examples).
4. Movement of synovial joints
5. Structure of the knee joint
Look at joints models, look at bones and identify types of
articulations and movements
Ex. 15 – gross anatomy of the muscular system
Names of human muscles, location, origin, insertion, function
Know to identify muscles in the cat
Look at muscle models and cats
Ex. 14 – microscopic anatomy and organization of the skeletal muscle.
1. Microscopic anatomy – myofibrils, I and A bands, microfilaments, actin and
myosin, sarcomer, Z disc
2. Organization of a skeletal muscle – endomysium, perimysium, fascicle,
epimysium
Look at a cross section of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle slides and models