Cellular
Respiration
Understand
the
differences
between
aerobic
and
anaerobic
processes.
How
do
you
identify
a
compound
that
is
reduced
or
one
that
is
oxidized?
Know
how
to
identify
the
reducing/oxidizing
agent.
Understand
how
to
identify
something
as
an
electron
donor/acceptor.
Also
know
specific
molecules
used
in
respiration
that
can
act
as
donors/acceptors.
What
are
the
three
different
stages
of
cellular
respiration?
Can
they
occur
in
all
organisms?
Which
stage
of
respiration
produces
the
most
ATP?
Which
produces
the
least?
Which
stage(s)
must
invest
energy
to
create
energy?
Where
does
each
stage
of
respiration
take
place?
In
the
stages
of
cellular
respiration,
there
are
two
different
processes
that
are
used
to
create
ATP.
What
are
these
two
different
processes
and
how
do
they
differ?
What
are
the
net
products
of
Glycolysis?
Before
it
can
enter
the
citric
acid
cycle,
the
product
of
glycolysis
must
be
converted
to
what?
What
are
the
net
products
of
the
citric
acid
cycle?
The
citric
acid
cycle
technically
generates
the
same
amount
of
ATP
as
glycolysis.
While
ATP
creation
is
an
important
part
of
this
cycle,
what
is
the
primary
purpose
of
this
particular
stage
of
respiration?
Name
one
specific
class
of
proteins
that
play
an
important
role
in
electron
transport.
What
enzyme
is
used
in
oxidative
phosphorylation
to
actually
generate
ATP
molecules
and
how
does
it
function?
What
percentage
of
the
energy
in
a
glucose
molecule
is
actually
transferred
to
ATP
during
respiration?
What
happens
to
the
rest
of
the
energy?
What
is
the
difference
between
anaerobic
respiration
and
fermentation?
Know
the
difference
between
obligate
and
facultative
anaerobes.
Understand
how
fats
can
also
be
broken
down
to
be
used
in
cellular
respiration.
Know
why
a
process
like
cellular
respiration
would
need
to
be
regulated
by
an
inhibitive
feedback
loop.
Photosynthesis
Know
the
difference
between
an
autotroph
and
a
heterotroph.
Important
terms
that
you
should
know
include:
Chlorophyll
Stomata
Mesophyll
Thylakoids
Stroma
If
Photosynthesis
is
carried
out
in
any
of
the
above
complexes,
know
in
which
ones
it
occurs,
and
also
know
where
the
light
dependent
and
independent
reactions
are
carried
out.
What
is
the
purpose
of
the
light
dependent
and
independent
reactions?
What
is
produced
at
the
end
of
each
set
of
reactions?
Understand
the
importance
of
each
of
the
following
types
of
pigments:
Chlorophyll
a,
chlorophyll
b,
carotenoids.
Be
able
to
discern
between
the
structure
of
chlorophyll
a
and
b.
Know
the
purpose
of
photosystems
and
their
importance
to
the
light
dependent
reactions.
What
is
the
order
of
the
photosystems?
What
wavelength
of
light
does
each
absorb?
Understand
the
difference
between
linear
and
cyclic
electron
flow,
as
well
as
the
products
produced
by
each.
What
is
P680?
What
is
P700?
What
is
the
product
of
the
Calvin
Cycle
and
how
many
times
must
the
cycle
occur
to
create
one
molecule
of
this
product?
What
are
the
three
phases
of
the
Calvin
Cycle?
If
excess
sugars
are
produced
by
photosynthesis
how
and
where
are
they
stored
in
plants?
Understand
the
relationship
that
the
by‐products
or
products
of
each
stage
of
photosynthesis
have
with
the
other
stage.
In
other
words,
if
the
Calvin
Cycle
produces
certain
by‐products,
are
those
by‐products
utilized
by
the
light
dependent
reactions?
Cell
Cycle:
1.
Know
the
definition
of
all
of
the
words
in
bold.
2.
Know
the
difference
between
similar
key
terms
(ex.
Chromatin,
chromosome,
chromatid,
centromere,
centrosomes,
centrioles,
etc).
3.
Know
the
phases
(Mitotic
&
Interphase)
and
the
subphases
(G1,
S,
G2,
pro,
prometa,
meta,
ana,
and
telo)
of
the
cell
cycle/cell
division,
and
know
what
happens
in
each.
4.
Which
part
of
the
cell
cycle
last
the
longest
amount
of
time:
Interphase
or
M
phase?
5.
Be
able
to
identify
different
stages
of
mitosis
in
both
plant
and
animal
cells
(either
microscope
pictures,
or
drawn
pictures).
Know
the
key
events
that
occur
in
each
stage,
distinguishing
it
from
the
others.
6.
At
the
end
of
cellular
division,
know
what
the
name
of
the
process
is
that
results
in
the
cytoplasm
dividing
as
well
as
what
the
structure
is
called
that
forms
when
this
event
occurs.
Know
the
differences,
at
this
step,
between
plant
and
animal
cells.
7.
Know
how
many
cells
are
produced
at
the
end
of
mitosis
as
well
as
how
those
material.
8.
What
difference(s)
exists
between
somatic
cells
and
gametes?
cells
compare
with
their
parent
cell
and
each
other
in
regards
to
their
genetic
9.
Scientists
hypothesize
that
the
signals
that
carry
out
most
of
cellular
division
occur
in
a
specific
region
of
the
cell.
What
region
of
the
cell
is
this,
and
how
did
the
scientists
arrive
at
this
conclusion?
10.
What
safety
measures
does
a
cell
have
that
could
prevent
it
from
e ntering
the
cell
cycle
if
it
is
not
prepared
to
do
so?
At
what
sub‐phases
are
these
measures
implemented?
11.
What
are
some
of
the
various
external
signals
that
can
affect
a
cell’s
willingness
to
divide?
12.
Know
what
can
go
wrong
in
regards
to
the
mechanisms
from
the
two
previous
questions
that
can
cause
a
cell
to
become
cancerous.
13.
Know
the
difference
between
malignant
and
benign
tumors
in
regards
to
their
severity.