Industrial Revolution
• Slow to be embraced by America
• No transportation
• No communication
• No blueprints for factories
• No work force
First factory
• Samuel Slater
• Father of American factory system
• Moses Brown
• Owner of the first textile mill
Sewing Machine
• Elias Howe
• Sold his patent to Singer
• $25 per machine
• $2 million at his death in 1867
Eli Whitney
• Cotton gin
• Interchangeable parts
Problems that come with industry
• City
• Labor
Cities
• Grows too quickly
• Canals and roads
• Great Lakes
• Milwaukee
• Chicago
• Cleveland
City problems
• No running water
• No sewage system
• Boston
• No police
• No lighting
New York is number one!
• Excellent harbor
• Completion of the Erie Canal
• General migration of agricultural regions to urban regions
Labor
Other options
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READ
• Robert Owens and New Harmony
• George Ripley’s Brook Farm
• Oneida Community and Robert Noyes
• Shakers
American people!
• Mostly home grown
• Fastest-growing group during Antebellum America
• ***Middle class
• Immigration increases in the 1840’s
• Irish
• Germans
• Most of the immigrants come to America for economic advancement
Irish
• Potato Famine
• British Oppression
• Came to America
• Could not go West
• Had to stay in the CITIES
Irish soldiers of Mexico!
• Met in New York and given a job as a soldier in the Mexican War.
• Family got a paycheck
Germans
• Tired of war
• Came to America
• Went west
Star Spangled Banner Party American party
• Hated Catholics
• they were not to be trusted
• Hated Immigrants
• taking away our jobs
• National status
• Know-Nothing Party
Leisure
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Church
Read
Play sports
Rea d
• P. T. Barnum American Museum in New York City--C&R-go online
• Cock fighting, boxing, dog fighting
• Northern working class
Church
• Largest church is Catholic
2nd Great Awakening
• Peter Cartwright is the catalyst!
• Had impact on the more democratic churches
• Began on the Southern frontier
Mormons
• Joseph Smith
• Moved west
• Nauvoo, Illinois
• Move to California
Who led them to Utah?
Mormon Trail
Millerites
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Miller read Revelation
Jesus will return on October 22, 1844
Congregation left after that
Reading is good!
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“Larn ‘em how to be good ‘Mericans.”
Used special books to teach immigrants
The flowers are pret ty
Chautauqua Movement
• Adults
• Night school
• New York
Horace Mann
• School needs to be better
• Teach the three R’s
• Reading, Writing and ‘Rithmetic
• Ho w ?
Normal Schools
• Sam Houston State Normal School, Huntsville, Texas
• Southwest Texas State Normal School
What do they read?
• Books
• Newspapers
Books
• Romantic literature
• Gloomy settings
• Indians
• Symbolic
• Morals
Transcendentalists
• Looking for the truth
• Truth can only be found in oneself
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Unitarian minister
• Good friend of Henry David Thoreau
• “Self Reliance”
• Thoreau
• Set up Walden Pond
Newspapers
• Newspapers were too expensive!
• “Penny dreadful”
• One penny
• Editor’s view of what really happened
• Human Interest Story
• James Gordon Bennett
• New York Herald
• Most influential editor in the 1800’s was Horace Greeley. He told Americans
to “go west”
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Sports
In 1866, Charles A. Peverelly wrote, "The game of baseball has now become
beyond question the leading feature of the outdoor sports of the United States
... It is a game which is peculiarly suited to the American temperament and
disposition; ... in short, the pastime suits the people, and the people suit the
pastime."
Science
Louis Pasteur
• "Pasteurization"
• Germ theory
Biggest problem in medicine
• We had no basic knowledge about disease.
Charles Goodyear
John Audubon
Audubon Prints
Ar t
Hudson River School
Thomas Cole
Agricultural Implements
• John Deere
• Iron plow
Transportation
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Roads and turnpikes
Canals
Railroads
Steamboats
Clipper ships
Roads
• Roads
• Age of the turnpike
• Lancaster turnpike
• 1790-1820
• Facilitate western migration
Canals
• Erie canal
• Clinton’s big ditch
• Financed entirely by the state of New York
• Made NY the #1 city in America
Railroads
• Not very popular
• Expense
• Made the animals nuts
• Smelly
• Dirty
• Never on time
• Brakes did not work sometime
Steamboat
• Robert Fulton
• Mississippi River
• “my steamboat”
• “my experiment “
The Clipper Ship
“Teakettle”
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Iron clad steamer
English
Played an important role in bringing the age of the clipper ship to an end
Communication
“What hath God wrought”
Pony Express
TransAtlantic Cable
Reforms
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Prison
Education
Women
“Demon rum”
Mentally Ill
Slavery
Prison reform
• Started in the early 1800’s
• The decade of the 1820’s saw more penitentiaries and asylums built for the
deaf and blind.
• Who cares?
Education
• Review info on Horace Mann
Women of the women’s movement
Susan B.Anthony
• Voting
Women
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First women’s rights convention
Seneca Falls, New York
Wrote a declaration of independence for women
(a Manifesto)
Sojourner Truth
Ain't I a woman?"
• Sojourner raised herself to her full height. "Look at me! Look at my arm." She
bared her right arm and flexed her powerful muscles. "I have plowed, I have
planted and I have gathered into barns. And no man could head me. And ain't I
a woman?"
• He says women can't have as much rights as men. ‘Cause Christ wasn't a
woman. She stood with outstretched arms and eyes of fire. "Where did your
Christ come from?"
• "Where did your Christ come from?", she thundered again. "From God and a
Woman! Man had nothing to do with him!"
“Demon Rum”
• Temperance
• Don’t drink soooo much
• Conventions
• Women testimonials
• more than a million followers who had signed a pledge to forego
consumption of hard liquor
Mentally Ill
• Dorothea Dix
• Campaigned for the rights of the mentally ill
Slavery
• Anti-slavery
• Contain slavery
• Don’t let it spread
Black Abolitionists
READ
• Amistad-C&R-go online
• The end of test material for test 3!