US Expansion
War, Empire, and Intervention
The Voyage of the Oregon
66 Days
14,500 miles
Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
The
Philippines
Campaign
The Cuban Campaign
Results of War
 Spain granted Cuban independence
 Spain ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to U.S.
 Agreed to decide disposition of Philippines later
 U.S. also annexed
Hawaii
Samoa
Wake Island
 The United States became an imperial power
 U.S. moved up European power rankings to #7
U.S. Options on the Philippines
The U.S. could:
1. Grant independence
2. Return to Spain
3. Acquire naval bases
4. Annex part of islands
5. Annex all of Philippines
6. Establish a protectorate
On Feb. 6 1899, Spain ceded the Philippines to the U.S.
“There was nothing left for us to do but take them all, and to educate
the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by
God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-man
for whom Christ also dies.” - McKinley
American Imperialism Motivated by:
National honor
Commerce
Racial superiority
Altruism
The “Great” Powers
1898
1. France
2. Germany
3. Great Britain
4. Russia
5. Austria-Hungary
6. Italy
7. United States
Philippine-American War
4 February 1899 – Filipino shot by American sentry
as he crossed the Silencio Street, Sta. Mesa, Manila.
This began the war as fighting quickly escalated.
Resistance led by Emiliano Aguinaldo who was forced
to retreat to northern Luzon
Two year later Aguinaldo and his forces defeated at the
Battle of Tirad Pass.
Aguinaldo captured 21 March 1901
2 April 1901 – in exchange for his life
Aguinaldo pledges allegiance to US
McKinley declares the war over in 1902
The World’s Policeman
“Gunboat Diplomacy”
Panama (1903)
Venezuela (1903)
Dominican Republic (1905)
Honduras (1907)
Nicaragua (1909)
Mexico (1916)
The Roosevelt Corollary
(too the Monroe Doctrine)
1904
“Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which
results in a general loosening of the ties of
civilized society justifies the exercise of an
international police power.”
“I hardly know where to start!”