Drawing Lines, Erasing Objects
Using Layers and Making Prints
Chapter 4
Sacramento City College
EDT 310
EDT 310 - Chapter 4
1
Linetype Review
Sacramento City College
EDT 310
Kenneth Fitzpatrick, P.E.
EDT 310 - Chapter 4
2
Alphabet of Lines
 The American
Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) has developed this
standard which is accepted throughout the
industry.
 The Alphabet
of Lines
 Reveals
shape, size, hidden surfaces,
interior detail, alternate positions of parts,
etc.
 The lines differ in width and character so
they are easily distinguishable.
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Review of Linetypes
 Object
lines
 Also
called “visible lines”.
 Show the outline of an object.
 Are the most common type of lines used
on drawings.
 Are medium weight.
 AutoCAD calls these lines CONTINUOUS
lines.
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Visible Lines
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Review of Linetypes
 Hidden
Lines
 Also
called dashed lines.
 Show features of an object that are NOT
visible in that view.
 Are thin lines.
 AutoCAD calls this linetype HIDDEN,
HIDDEN2, or HIDDENX2.
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Review of Linetypes
 Hidden
Lines – Spacing and Size
 Dashes
are 0.125” long, spaced 0.06”
apart.
 Choose
length carefully. If drawing is to be
scaled down, dashes may appear too small.
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Hidden Lines
 Rules
– Hidden Lines
 1.
If a hidden line is a continuation of a
visible line then a gap is shown.
 2. A gap
is also shown when a hidden line
crosses but does not intersect another line.
 3.
Hidden lines should be omitted when
they are not needed for clarity.
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Hidden Lines
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Review of Linetypes
 Centerlines
 Locate
the centers of circles and arcs.
 Small
dashes cross at the center of a circle.
 Center lines should intersect at the short
dashes.
 Show
the axis of a cylindrical or
symmetrical shape.
 Are
thin lines consisting of alternately
spaced long and short dashes.
 Center
lines extend only a short distance
past the object.
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Center Lines
 Center
Lines
 Spacing
and Size.
 Alternating long and short dashes
 The
long dash (3/4” to 1-1/2”)
 The short dash (1/16” to 1/8”)
 AutoCAD
calls this linetype CENTER,
CENTER2, or CENTERX2.
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Center Lines
 Additional
Rules – Center Lines
 1.
Small dashes cross at the center of a
circle.
 2. Center lines should intersect at the short
dashes.
 3. Center lines should extend only a short
distance past the object.
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Center Lines
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Review of Linetypes
 Dimension
lines
 Are
thin lines
 Are placed between extension lines to
indicate a measurement.
 Are broken near the center for placement
of dimension numeral in mechanical
drafting.
 Arrows
terminate the ends of dimension lines in
mechanical drafting.
 Are
unbroken in architectural drafting.
 Slashes
or “tic marks” are used in architectural
drafting.
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Dimension Lines, Extension Lines and Leaders
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Review of Linetypes
 Extension
lines
 Are
thin lines.
 Are used to show the “extent” of a
dimension.
 Begin a small distance from the object and
extend 0.125” beyond the last dimension
line.
 May cross object lines, hidden lines and
centerlines.
 May not cross dimension lines.
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Review of Linetypes
 Extension
lines
 Centerlines
become extension lines when
they are used to show the extent of a
dimension measured from a circle
centerline.
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Dimension Lines, Extension Lines and Leaders
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Review of Linetypes
 Leader
lines
 Are
thin lines
 Are used to connect a specific note to a
feature on a drawing.
 Start with a small shoulder at a note.
 Terminate with an arrowhead at the feature
and has a small shoulder at a note.
 The
AutoCAD command is LEADER or
QLEADER.
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Leader Lines
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Cutting Plane Lines
 Cutting
plane and viewing plane lines
 Are
thick lines.
 Identify the location of a section.
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Cutting Plane Lines
 Cutting
 First
Plane Lines
Form
long dashes (3/4” to 1 1/2”) and
 pairs of short dashes (1/8” with 1/16” space).
 Alternating
 Second
 Equal
 Both
Form
dashes 1/4” in length.
forms
 Ends
bent at 90 degrees and
 Terminated by arrowheads to indicate the
direction of viewing of the section.
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Cutting Plane Lines
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Viewing Plane Lines
 Viewing
plane lines are drawn in the same
style as cutting plane lines by identify the
location of a view.
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Viewing Plane Lines
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Section Lines
 Section
lines
 Are
thin lines.
 Are drawn in a section to show where
material has been cut away.
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Section Lines
 Sometimes
called “cross-hatching”.
 Represent surfaces exposed by a cutting
plane passing through an object.
 Usually drawn at an angle of 45o.
 Spacing
and Size
 Space 1/8” dashes about 1/16” apart.
 (small
drawings - 1/32”; large drawings - 1/8”)
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Section Lines
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Review of Linetypes
 Break
lines
 Are
thick lines.
 Show where a portion of an object has
been removed for clarity or convenience.
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Break Lines
 Break
lines
 Are
used to limit a partial view of a broken
section.
 For short breaks, a thick line is drawn
freehand.
 Typically
used for mechanical drawings.
 For
long breaks, a long, thin line is drawn
with breaks in the line joined by freehand
“zig-zags”.
 Typically
used for architectural drawings.
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Break Lines
 Break
lines
 AutoCAD
does NOT produce zig-zag break
lines.
 They must be drawn manually.
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Break Lines
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Review of Linetypes
 Phantom
lines
 Are
thin lines
 Are a long dash alternating with two short
dashes alternating with long dash.
 Phantom
lines show:
 Alternate
positions.
 Repeated details.
 Paths of motion.
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Phantom Lines
 Phantom
Lines
 Spacing
and Size
 Thin, long dashes 3/4” to 1-1/2” in length
 alternating with pairs of short dashes 1/8”
long with 1/16” spacing between the
dashes.
 AutoCAD
calls this linetype PHANTOM,
PHANTOM2, or PHANTOMX2.
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Phantom Lines
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Construction Lines
 Construction
Lines
 Very
light, gray lines.
 Are used to lay out all work.
 Light enough so they will not reproduce
when making a print.
 On drawings for display or photo
reproduction, they should not be visible
beyond an arm’s length.
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Border Lines
 Border
lines
 Are
the “frame” of the drawing.
 They should be the heaviest of all lines.
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Drawing Lines with AutoCAD
The LINE Command
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Drawing Lines
 AutoCAD
draws individual line segments
between two points on the screen.
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The LINE Command
 To
draw lines with AutoCAD
 Type
“L” or “LINE” at the Command:
prompt.
 Or
 Pick
the LINE button from the Draw Toobar
 Or
 Pick
LINE in the Draw Pull-Down Menu
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The LINE Command
 When
you use LINE,
 A prompt
asks you to pick a starting point.
 Select a first point with your left mouse
button.
 Select a second point with your left mouse
button.
 Select a third point with your left mouse
button.
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The LINE Command
 A line
can be “closed” by typing “C”.
 Closing
a line draws a line from the last
picked point to the starting point.
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Setting the Linetype Scale
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Setting the Linetype Scale
 The
linetype scale sets the length of
dashes and spaces in linetypes.
 When
you start AutoCAD
 The
global linetype scale is automatically
set to match the units you select.
 The
global linetype scale can be
overridden at the object level.
 THIS
IS NOT RECOMMENDED !
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Setting the Linetype Scale
 The
default object linetype scale factor is
1.0.
 Changes
to the default linetype scale are
made to make your drawing more closely
match standard drafting practice.
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Setting the Linetype Scale
 A value
of less than 1.0
 Makes
 A value
the dashes and spaces smaller.
greater than 1.0
 Makes
the dashes and spaces larger.
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Setting the Linetype Scale
 Experiment
with the different linetype
scales until you achieve the desired
results.
 ALWAYS
try to set linetype scale variables
at the GLOBAL level first!
 You
may need to adjust one or two lines,
but DO NOT TRY TO ADJUST ALL
INDIVIDUAL LINE TYPE VARIABLES!
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Setting the Linetype Scale
 The
Properties window lists a linetype
scale property.
 Change
the value of individual object
linetypes with this box.
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The LTSCALE Variable
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The LTSCALE Variable
 The
LTSCALE variable
 Affects
the entire drawing.
 The default value is 1.0.
 The drawing REGENERATES after
changing the LTSCALE variable.
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Coordinate Systems
Cartesian, Relative and Polar
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Point Entry Mode
 Each
of the point entry methods uses the
Cartesian coordinate system.
 The
Cartesian coordinate system is based
on selecting distances from three
intersecting axes, X, Y, and Z.
 A location
is defined by its distance in x,y
from the origin point.
 Most
of our work will be in 2D not 3D.
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The Cartesian Coordinate System
 The
Origin divides the coordinate system
into four quadrants.
 Points
are located in relation to the origin.
 The
Origin is point 0,0 and is the location
where the X and Y axes cross.
 For AutoCAD,
the origin is the lower-left of
your drawing.
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Quadrant 1
Origin (0,0)
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The Cartesian Coordinate System
Quadrant #2
Quadrant #1
-x, +y
+x, +y
Origin (0,0)
Quadrant #3
Quadrant #4
-x, -y
+x, -y
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Using Absolute Coordinates
 Points
are measured from the origin.
 A point
[4,2] is
4
units in the X direction.
 2 units in the Y direction.
 from the origin.
 The
coordinate display on the lower left
corner of the screen shows the location of
the cursor at any time.
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Using Absolute Coordinates
 You
can draw lines by typing in the
coordinates of the line.
 Command:
L or LINE
 Specify first point: 4,2
 Specify next point or [Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Undo]:
 Command:
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7,2
7,6
4,6
4,2
[Enter]
59
Using Relative Coordinates
 Relative
coordinates are located from the
previous position, rather than from the
origin.
 The
“@” symbol must precede each entry.
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Using Relative Coordinates
 Command:
 Specify
first point: 2,2
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @6,0
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @2,2
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,3
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,3
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @-2,2
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @-6,0
 Specify next point or [Undo]: [Enter]
 Command:
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Using Polar Coordinates
 A point
located using polar coordinates is
based on
 the
distance from a fixed point (@6
 at a given angle (< 45)
 Procedure:
 Enter
the distance
 then
 Enter
the angle
 Example: @6<45
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Using Polar Coordinates
 The
angular values used for polar
coordinates are:
0
= east (or to the right)
 90 = North (or up)
 180 = West (or to the left)
 270 = South (or down).
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Using Polar Coordinates
 @4<45
means
 Measure
from the previous point
 A distance of 4
 At an angle of 45 degrees from 0 degrees.
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The Coordinate Display
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The Coordinate Display
 The
coordinate display shows the current
cursor location.
 Turn
the cursor tracking display on and off
with the [F6] key.
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The COORDS Variable
 The
COORDS variable lets you choose
how the coordinates will be displayed.
0
= the coordinate display is static.
Coordinates are displayed only when
points are selected.
1
= the coordinate display is dynamic.
2
= the coordinate display is in polar mode
showing length at an angle.
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Setting OSNAP
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Introduction to Layers
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Introduction To Layers
 In
manual drafting, details of a design are
separated by placing them on different
sheets.
 This
is called overlay or pin drafting
 Each
overlay is perfectly aligned with the
others.
 All of the layers can be reproduced to
reflect the entire design.
 Individual layers may be reproduced to
show specific details.
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Introduction To Layers
 In AutoCAD,
overlays are called layers
 The use of layers increases productivity.
 Specific
information can be grouped by
layer.
 Drawings
can be reproduced by layer or
combined in any sequence desired.
 Each
layer can be assigned a different
color to improve clarity.
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Introduction To Layers
 Each
layer can be plotted in a different
color or pen width.
 Selected
layers can be turned on or off, or
frozen to decrease information clutter.
 Changes
can be made to a layer promptly.
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Layers Used by Field
 Mechanical
drafting
 The following may be placed on separate
layers:
 views
 hidden
features
 dimensions
 sections
 notes
 symbols
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Layers Used by Field
 Architectural
Drafting
 Drawings
usually contain over 100 layers
 Floor plan layer
 Foundation plan layer
 Partition layout layer
 Plumbing layer
 Electrical layer
 Structural layer
 Roof drainage layer
 HVAC systems layer
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Layers Used by Field
 Interior
Design Drafting
 floor
plan layer
 interior partition layer
 furniture layer
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Layers Used by Field
 Electronics
Drafting
 Circuit
boards have multiple layers to
conduct electricity to different components.
 Each
layer of a circuit board is drawn on a
different layer.
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Setting Linetype by Layer
 AutoCAD
allows you to select a linetype
for each layer.
 Any
item drawn on that layer would be
assigned that linetype
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The “O” Layer
 AutoCAD
 It
uses Layer 0 as the default layer
has a continuous linetype.
 The
ZERO layer or “0” layer is a special
layer.
 The
“0” layer should be kept empty.
 It is reserved for creating BLOCKS.
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The “O” Layer
 Create
the layer FIRST.
 MOVE
to that layer.
 THEN,
draw objects on the new layer.
 Do
not draw objects on Layer 0.
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Naming Layers
 Name
Layers to reflect what is on the
layer.
 Examples
of good layer names:
 1stFL_PLAN
 1stFL_ELECTRICAL
 1stFL_MECHANICAL
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Naming Layers
 Name
Layers to reflect what is on the
layer.
 Examples
of poor layer names:
 LAYER1
 LAYER2
 LAYER3
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Naming Layers
 Layer
names can have up to 31 characters
 Layer
names can include
 Letters.
 Numbers.
 Special
 Layer
characters.
names cannot include / \ | * ? ; or :
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LAYER Command
 Access
the LAYER command by:
 1.
Typing LA or LAYER at the Command:
prompt.
 OR
 2.
Select the Layers button on the Object
Properties toolbar.
 OR
 3.
Select Layer from the Format pull-down
menu.
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LAYER Command
 The
only layer present in a new drawing is
the 0 Layer.
 Add
Layers as needed.
 To ADD
a layer pick the New button
 A new
layer listing appears using the
default name of Layer 1.
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LAYER Command
 You
can enter several new layers at the
same time.
 Entering
several layer names at the same
time is faster than entering them
individually.
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Setting a New Current Layer
 You
can set a new current layer by
 1.
Highlighting the layer name in the layer
list
 Picking the Current: button.
 OR
 2.
Double-clicking on the layer.
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Viewing Layer Status
 The
status of each layer is displayed with
icons to the right of the layer name.
 ToolTips indicate what each icon
represents.
 Changing
layer name.
 Turning layers on/off.
 Thawing/freezing layers.
 Thawing/freezing layers in viewports.
 Unlocked and locked layers.
 Layer color.
 Layer linetype.
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Selecting Multiple Layers
 Several
layers can be selected at once in
the layer dialog box.
 Hold
[Shift] to select layers contiguously.
 Hold
[Ctrl] to select multiple layers
individually, NOT contiguously.
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Shift
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Ctrl
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Setting the Layer Color
 Layers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
are coded by name and number
red
yellow
green
cyan
blue
magenta
white
 Memorize
these numbers/colors.
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1 3 5 7
2 4 6
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Setting the Layer Color
 Color
settings affect the appearance of
plotted drawings.
 Plotter
pen widths are associated with
drawing color.
 Color
= line width
 Color = pen weight
 The
colors you use must correspond to the
proper pen widths.
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Setting the Layer Color
 For
this class, use
 Thin
Lines
White OR
(text, guidelines
 Object

Lines
(medium thickness)

 Thick

Lines
(thickest)
Yellow
Cyan OR
Green OR
Magenta
Blue OR
Red
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Setting/Changing Linetype
Assignments
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Setting the Layer Linetype
 AutoCAD
linetypes are listed on Page 156
of the text.
 Linetype
assignments to a layer can be
changed.
 All
entities drawn on that layer would be
that line type
 Center
 Hidden
 Continuous
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Setting the Layer Linetype
 To
change a linetype for a layer.
 Pick
the layer you want to change
 Pick its linetype.
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Click on the word
“Continuous” to
select a linetype
for this layer
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Changing Linetype Assignments
 The
first time you use this dialog box only
the Continuous linetype will be displayed
 You
need to load any other linetypes to be
used in the drawing.
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The first time you
use this dialog box
only the
Continuous
linetype will be
displayed
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Click on the word
“Load” to access
other line types.
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Loading Linetypes
 1.
Pick the Load button to display the Load
or Reload Linetypes dialog box.
 2.
Select the file where the linetypes are
stored “ACAD.LIN”.
 AutoCAD
stores line types in the file
ACAD.LIN
 3.
Select the linetypes to load
 4. Pick OK.
 You
can also double-click on a linetype to
select it.
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Changing Layers
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Quickly Setting a Layer Current
 Use
the Layer Control drop-down list
located in Object Properties to quickly
change to another layer.
 Pick
the name of the layer and that layer is
set current.
 The
dialog box automatically closes.
 You
can also use CLAYER command
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Making Object’s Layer Current
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Making Object’s Layer Current
 You
can select an object on the drawing
and have the layer of that object become
current.
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Making Object’s Layer Current
Select Make Object’s Layer Current in
the Object Properties toolbar
 1.
 2.
Select the object
 AutoCAD
then displays a prompt
“PLUMBING is now the current layer”
giving the name of the layer on which the
object you selected was on.
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Changing Object Layers
Easy Way
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Changing Object Layers
 Always
draw objects on appropriate layers
first.
 Select
the CORRECT layer first.
 THEN, draw the object.
 If
objects are drawn on the wrong layer,
they can be:
 Moved
from one layer to another.
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Changing Object Layers
 To
change object from one layer to
another:
 1.
Select the object
 2. Select the desired Layer from the Layers
button in the Object Properties toolbar
 The
object is moved to the selected layer.
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Changing Object Layers
The Hard Time Consuming Way The DDMODIFY Command
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Changing Object Layers
 DDMODIFY
 Tells
you EVERYTHING about a particular
drawing entity.
 Often it is TOO MUCH information.
 Has
a SMALL close box
 Cumbersome
to use.
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Changing Object Layers
 DDMODIFY
can be used to change object
from one layer to another
 1.
Select the Properties button in the
Object Properties toolbar
 OR
 Select
Properties from the Modify pulldown menu
 OR
 Type
“DDMODIFY” or “MO”
 2. Select the object.
A
dialog box appears that relates to the specific
object you selected.
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Overriding Layer Settings
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Overriding Layer Settings
 Color
and linetype settings reference layer
settings by default.
 The
“BYLAYER” setting on the Object
Properties toolbar.
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Overriding Layer Settings
 When
you create a layer, you also
establish a color and a linetype to go with
that layer, the ByLayer setting.
 ANY
SETTING except BYLAYER is an
override.
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Overriding Layer Settings
 AutoCAD
offers the user tremendous
flexibility.
 You
can make any object any color
 You can make any layer any color
 You
can make any object any linetype
 You can make any layer any linetype
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Overriding Layer Settings
 You
can override the current object color.
 All
objects created will be drawn with the
color of the overrride setting.
 Layer
settings will have NO effect.
 THIS
IS NOT RECOMMENDED !
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Overriding Layer Settings

1. BYLAYER setting result
 Layer
Setting
Object Appearance
RED
CONTINUOUS
 RED
 CONTINUOUS

2. Override setting result

Overrides set to Color = GREEN; Linetype = HIDDEN
 Layer
Setting
Object Appearance
GREEN
HIDDEN
 RED
 CONTINUOUS
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Overriding the Current Object Color
 Select
the Color Control drop-down list
from the Object Properties toolbar.
 Select
the color you wish.
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Overriding the Current Object Color
 Once
an absolute color is specified,
 All
objects created are drawn in the
specified color,
 REGARDLESS of the current layer
settings.
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Overriding the Current Object Color
 The
system variable that controls color is
 CEColor
 CEColor
stands for current entity color.
 Setting
the CELType variable from the
Command: prompt
 Command:
CECOLOR
 New value for CECOLOR <“BYLAYER”>:
(enter new color value)
 THIS
IS NOT RECOMMENDED !
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Overriding the Current Object Linetype
 You
can override the current object
linetype
 All
objects created will be drawn with the
linetype of the overrride setting.
 Layer
settings will have no effect.
 This
is similar to setting the color different
from the layer settings.
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Overriding the Current Object Linetype
 The
variable that controls linetype is
 CELType
 CELType
stands for current entity color.
 Setting
the CELType variable from the
Command: prompt
 1.
Command: CELType
 2. New value for CELTYPE <“BYLAYER”>:
(enter new linetype value).
 3. Select the linetype you wish.
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Overriding the Current Object Linetype
 Once
an absolute linetype is specified, all
objects created are drawn in the specified
linetype, REGARDLESS of the current
layer settings.
 THIS
IS NOT RECOMMENDED !
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Customizing the Layer Listing
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Because
of the large number of layer
names possible, it may be necessary to
customize which layers are shown.
 Unwanted
layers can be not shown by
selecting the Show drop-down box and
setting options and filters
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Layer Filters
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Layer Filters
 Layer
filters screen out any layers that
have features you do not want
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
 All
in use
 All unused
 All Xref dependent
 All not Xref dependent
 All that pass filter
 Set Filter dialog
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
 Default
option
 Shows all defined layer names
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
in use
 The current layer and any layers that
contain drawing objects
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
unused
 Displays all non-current layers that contain
no objects
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
Xref dependent
 This displays all layers brought in with
externally referenced drawings
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
not Xref dependent
 Displays all layers native to the current
drawing, and none that have been brought
in with externally referenced drawings
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 All
that pass filter
 Current filtering criteria is used to
determine which layer names are
displayed
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Choices
include:
 Set
Filter dialog
 Displays the Set Layer Filter dialog box
 Choices include:
 Layer
names:
 Layer settings drop-down menus
 Colors: and Linetypes:
 Reset button - returns all settings to the default
values
 Apply this filter to the layer control on the
Object Properties toolbar check box.
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Set
Filter dialog
 Layer
names: you can select a single layer
name or use a combination of characters
and wildcards to select layers
 Layer settings drop-down menus - various
combinations of layers which are On or Off
can be selected
 Colors: and Linetypes: - used to filter
layers by color or linetype. The default “*”
represents all layers and colors.
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Customizing the Layer Listing
 Set
Filter dialog
 Reset
button - returns all settings to the
default values
 Apply this filter to the layer control on the
Object Properties toolbar check box.  when
checked, only layers passing the filter are
displayed in the Layer control drop-down menu
in the Object Properties toolbar.
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Editing
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New Commands

Editing Commands
 Erase
Draw Commands
 Line

 Undo
 Redo
 Line
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Editing
 Editing
 allows
you to correct mistakes
 Several editing commands are available to
increase productivity.
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The ERASE Command
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ERASE Command
 The
ERASE command allows you to
delete previously drawn objects.
 You can “undelete” items that you have
erased.
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ERASE Command
 Pick
the Erase button from the Modify
toolbar.
 Or
 Pick
Erase from the Modify pull-down
menu.
 Or
 Type
“E” or “ERASE” at the Command:
prompt.
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ERASE Command
 When
the “Select Objects” prompt
appears, a small pick box replaces the
screen crosshairs.
 Move
the pick box over the item to be
erased and pick it.
 The object will be highlighted.
 Press the [Enter] key, or the right mouse
button.
 The object will be erased.
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ERASE Command
 After
you pick the first object, the “Select
Objects” prompt reappears
 You
can select additional objects if desired.
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ERASE - Single Option
 If
you desire to erase only one object, you
can make the erase “automatic.
 At
the “Select Objects” prompt, type “SI”.
 Pick the object.
 The
“Select Objects” prompt will not reappear.
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ERASE Command - Last
 The
“Last” option saves time if you desire
to delete the last item drawn.
 The “Last” option selects the last item
drawn.
 Command:
E or ERASE
 Select objects: L
 Pick the object
 [Enter]
 Command:
 The
last drawn object is erased.
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Creating Selection Sets
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Creating A Selection Set
 Several
options exist for creating a
selection set:
 Last.
 Previous.
 Window
selection.
 Crossing selection.
 Window polygon selection.
 Crossing polygon selection.
 Selection Fence.
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Creating A Selection Set
 LAST
option
 The
LAST option allows you to select the
last entity drawn.
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The Previous Selection Set
 The
PREVIOUS option lets you select the
previous selection set.
 Use
when you have previously selected a
group of objects.
 Type
the letter “P” at the “Select Objects”
prompt.
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Creating A Selection Set
 WINDOW
option
 The
W or WINDOW option can be used to
draw a box around an object or group of
objects to select for editing.
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Creating A Selection Set
 CROSSING
selection option
 This
option is similar to the WINDOW
option.
 Entities within and those crossing the box
are selected.
 The CROSSING box outline is shown
dotted to distinguish it from the WINDOW
box.
 The CROSSING box does not need to
enclose the entire object to erase it as the
WINDO box does. It only must “cross” a
part of an object.
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Creating A Selection Set
 WPOLYGON
selection option
 The
WINDOW option requires a rectangle
completely around objects.
 This may be difficult to do in some
situations.
 A polygon may be drawn with three or
more sides of your own design around the
objects with the WPOLYGON selection
option.
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Creating A Selection Set
 CPOLYGON
selection option
 The
CPOLYGON option lets you draw a
polygon of your own design around the
selection set of your choice.
 The CPOLYGON line is a dashed rubber
band cursor.
 Draw a polygon around the selection set.
 Objects within or crossing the polygon will
be selected.
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Creating A Selection Set
 Fence
Option
 A “fence”
is placed through the objects you
want to select.
 Any object that the fence passes through is
included in the selection set.
 The fence can be straight or staggered.
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Removing Objects from Selection Set
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Removing Objects from Selection
 By
default, you are in “ADD mode” when
you see the prompt “Select Objects.”
 You
can switch to the “REMOVE mode” by
typing an “R” at the “Select Objects”
prompt.
 The
prompt changes to “remove objects”
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Removing Objects from Selection
 You
can switch to the “ADD mode” again
by typing an “A” at the “Select Objects”
prompt.
 The
prompt changes to “select objects”
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The Previous Selection Set
 The
Previous selection allows you to
select the same objects you just edited for
further editing.
 Select
by typing “P” at the Select objects:
prompt.
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Selecting All Objects
objects can be selected by typing “All”
at the Select objects: prompt.
 All
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Selecting Multiple Objects
 If
objects are stacked, they appear to be
on top of each other.
 Using
the Multiple option allows multiple
picks of objects at the same point.
 The
first pick finds the first object.
 The second pick in the same place finds
the next object.
 The
Multiple option is used by typing “M”
at the Select objects: prompt.
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Cycling Through Stacked Objects
 Cycling
is repeatedly selecting one item
from a series of stacked objects until the
desired object is highlighted.
 This
works best when objects overlap or
are very near one another.
 Hold
down the [Ctrl] key to cycle through
objects, while picking.
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The OOPS Command
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The OOPS Command
 The
OOPS command restores objects
which you have accidentally erased.
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