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Romania
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BASIC FACTS
Capital
Bucharest
Area size
230340 sq. km
Area comparison
Slightly smaller than the United Kingdom
PEOPLE
Language
Romanian is the official and predominant language, but ethnic minorities typically speak their
own languages, such as Hungarian and Romany.
Source: New Internationalist World Guide 2005/2006
Population
2006 21.6
million
U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) Population
Division (2004)
2005 21.7
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
2004 21.8
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
2003 21.9
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
2002 21.9
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
2001 22.0
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
2000 22.1
million
U.N. DESA (2004)
Future population estimates
16.8 million (2050)
Source: U.N. DESA (2004)
Ethnic groups
Romanian 90 percent, ethnic Hungarian seven percent; these data do not include the Roma,
who represent five to 10 percent of the population but are usually considered Romanian
under the census. There are smaller German, Ukrainian and other minorities.
Source: NI World Guide 2005/2006
Religion
Predominantly Romanian Orthodox (87 percent), with Roman Catholic (five percent) and
Protestant (3.5 percent) minorities.
Source: NI World Guide 2005/2006
Percentage urban population
2007 54.0 percent U.N. DESA - World Urbanisation Prospects 2005</< td>
2006 53.8 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2005 53.7 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2004 53.5 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2003 53.4 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2002 53.3 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2001 54.6 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
2000 54.6 percent
U.N. DESA (2005)
Year women granted right to vote
1929 1946
Source: U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report
Where two figures are shown, the first refers to a partial recognition of the right to vote and
the second to the year women received the right to vote on a universal and equal basis.
Net percentage of girls enrolled in primary education
88 (2002-2003)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
Percentage of population under 15
2004
15.9 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
16.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
17.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
17.7 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
18.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
USEFUL INFORMATION
Time zone
Standard Time GMT +2, Summer Time GMT +3
Climate description
Continental, cold, snowy winters and hot summers
Currency
Lei
Telephone dialling code
(+) 40
Driving (left/right)
Right
STANDARD OF LIVING
Average life expectancy
2004
71.5 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
71.3 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
70.5 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
70.5 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
69.8 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Life expectancy - male
2004
68.0 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
67.8 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
67.0 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
67.0 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
66.5 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Life expectancy - female
2004
75.2 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
75.0 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
74.2 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
74.2 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
73.3 years
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Infant mortality
2005 16 per 1,000 live
births
U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF) - State of the World's Children
2007</< td>
2004 17 per 1,000 live
births
UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 18 per 1,000 live
births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 19 per 1,000 live
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
births
2001 19 per 1,000 live
births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 19 per 1,000 live
births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Child mortality - deaths before the age of five
2005 19 per 1,000 live births
UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007
2004 20 per 1,000 live births
UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2006
2003 20 per 1,000 live births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002 21 per 1,000 live births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001 21 per 1,000 live births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000 22 per 1,000 live births
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Births attended by skilled personnel
1996-2004
99 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1995-2003
98 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1995-2002
98 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1995-2001
98 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
1995-2000
98 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Maternal mortality
49 per 100,000 live births (2000)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
Human development index (HDI rank)
2004
60
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
64
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
69
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
72
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
63
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Percentage of children under weight for age (under age 5)
19963 percent
UNICEF - State of the World's Children 2007</<
2005
td>
19962004
No data available
percent
19952003
6 percent
19952002
No data available
percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
19952001
6 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
19952000
No data available
percent
Percentage of undernourished population
2001-2003
<2.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report
average
2006
2000-2002
average
1 percent
1999-2001
average
No data available
percent
1998-2000
average
No data available
percent
UNDP - Human Development Report
2005
Food intake falls below the minimum requirement.
Population with access to improved water
2004 57 percent
UNICEF and World Health Organisation (WHO) 2006
2002
57 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000
58 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
Population with access to improved sanitation
2004 No data available percent
2002 51 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2000 53 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
Literacy - average
2004
97.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
97.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
97.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
98.2 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
98.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Literacy - male
2004
98.4 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
98.4 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
98.4 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
99.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
99.0 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Literacy - female
2004
96.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
96.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
96.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
97.4 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
97.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Landlines telephones
2005 202 per 1,000 people
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2006
2004 203 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2003 200 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2002 193 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2001 184 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2000 174 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
Cellular telephone subscribers
2005
615 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2004
471 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2003
325 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2002
235 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2001
172 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2000
111 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
Internet users
2005
208 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2004
208 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2003
185 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2002
101 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2001
45 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
2000
36 per 1,000 people
ITU 2006
Transparency International corruption ranking (1=least corrupt, 145=most corrupt)
2006
84 (joint)
Transparency International
2005
85 (joint)
Transparency International
2004
87 (joint)
Transparency International
2003
83 (joint)
Transparency International
2002
77 (joint)
Transparency International
2001
69 (joint)
Transparency International
2000
68
Transparency International
Signatory of International Convention on the Prevention and Punishment for the crime
of Genocide
Yes (1948)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment
Yes (1984)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
Signatory of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Yes (1989)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report
ECONOMY & AID
Percentage of population living on less than US$1 a day
1990-2004 No data available percent
1990-2002 No data available percent
1990-2001 2.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
GNI per capita, Atlas method
2005
3830 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2004
2950 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2003
2290 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2002
1930 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2001
1750 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2000
1690 current US$
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
The purpose of the Atlas conversion factor is to reduce the impact of exchange rate
fluctuations in a cross-country comparison of national incomes. The Atlas conversion factor
for any year is the average of a country?s exchange rate (or alternative conversion factor) for
that year and its exchange rates for the two preceding years.
GDP
2005
98.6 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2004
75.5 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2003
59.5 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2002
45.8 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2001
40.2 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2000
37.1 current US$ billions
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
Annual GDP growth
2005
4.1 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2004
8.4 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2003
5.2 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2002
5.1 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2001
5.7 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2000
2.1 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
Annual inflation
2005
12.0 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2004
15.0 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2003
19.4 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2002
23.4 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2001
37.4 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
2000
44.3 percent
World Bank Data Profile Tables 2006
Share of income or consumption (poorest 10 percent)
3.2 (2003)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
Share of income or consumption (richest 10 percent)
26.1 (2003)
Source: UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
HEALTH
Physicians
1990-2004 190 per 100,000 people
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
1990-2003
189 per 100,000 people
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1990-2002
191 per 100,000 people
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
Percentage HIV+ (adults aged 15-49)
2005 <0.1 percent
U.N. Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006
2003 No data available percent
Malaria
No risk
Source: WHO
TB cases
2004
146 per 100,000 people
WHO 2006
2003
146 per 100,000 people
WHO 2006
2002
145 per 100,000 people
WHO 2006
2001
143 per 100,000 people
WHO 2006
2000
136 per 100,000 people
WHO 2006
CONFLICT & MIGRATION
Number of refugees originating here
2005 11492 Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2004 5916
UNHCR
2003 8387
UNHCR
2002 8847
UNHCR
2001 6052
UNHCR
2000 7348
UNHCR
Number of refugees residing here
2005
2056
UNHCR
2004
1627
UNHCR
2003
2011
UNHCR
2002
1857
UNHCR
2001
1805
UNHCR
2000
1685
UNHCR
Number of internally displaced people\Estimate
No data available
Landmine casualties per year
2004
0
Landmine Monitor Report 2005
2003
0
Landmine Monitor Report 2004
Casualty figures may include both civilians and military personnel injured or killed by
landmines and unexploded ordnance.
Signatory to landmine convention?
Yes (1997 )
Source: Landmine Monitor Report
Percentage of GDP spent on military
2004
2.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2006
2003
2.4 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2002
2.3 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2001
2.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
2000
2.1 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2002
Percentage of GDP spent on education
2000-2002
3.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
1999-2001
3.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
1998-2000
3.5 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
Percentage of GDP spent on health
2002
4.2 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2005
2001
5.2 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2004
2000
1.9 percent
UNDP - Human Development Report 2003
AlertNet makes every effort to ensure statistics are updated from the relevant sources as
soon as they are available.