
The word of “CITIZENSHIP” means being a
member of a country
 As
a member of a country every individual
has positive or negative attitudes towards
to civic context
 Living
within a consistent civic context leads
to civic engagement in late adolescence and
into young adulthood
 Investigating
whether social context during
early adolescence has an effect in civic
behavior in late adolescence
 Erikson’s

(1966) Theory of Development
an identity search begins in early adolescence and
internal and external experiences during childhood
and adolescence are accumulated and lead to a
commitment to particular values and beliefs.
 Colby
& Damon’s (1999) Moral Socialization
Theory

that parents, peers, culture, and society socialize
individuals to have a sense of moral commitment
to various goals and behaviors;
 Original
Model:
 Revised
Model:

Participants
1000 randomly participants
 51% Male | 49% female
 61% of participant were African American and 39%
were European American


Material

Questionnarie from previous longitudinal studies and
validateted scales

Ex:
# what youth would do if they had three wishes
#what they would do if they had one million dollars
 Procedure

Data were collecting historical periods

It started at 1991 and took 6 waves to end

Use only 3 waves for this article
 8th , 11th and post high school waves

Factor analysis and structural equation model
(SEM) used for statistical data

**SEM: compare the results with previous reseach
for the validity.

Youth who were involved in religious activities in early
adolescence showed more civic participation in late
adolescence.

There was a positive correlation between civic engagement
in early adolescence and civic participation in late
adolescence.

African American students also had higher levels of
religiosity

Females had higher levels peer support during early
adolescent compared to males

And in 11th grade, females were had higher levels of civic
behavior than males

Hypothesis was supported.

We can say that it is possible to predict positive
citizenship from adolesence to young adulthood.

And there is important effect of meaning of civic
contex

Results showed that living a civic context
contributes to the development of civic
engagement, such as family and peer influences,
predicts later civic engagement.
 Additionaly
information;
 There
is significant gender differences about
civic identity

Females are more significant predictors than
males
 Data
were collected from a community-based
sample of African American and European
American youth only.

Can’t be generalize to other countries or
ethnicities.
 Researcher
did not examine the quality of
the activities in which participants were
involved.
 Researcher focused only one type of civic
engagement, which is a selection of prosocial
behaviors. ( no political involvement or
social activism)
Zaff, J.F., Malanchuk, O., & Eccles, S.J.
(2008). Predicting positive citizenship
from adolescence
to young adulthood:
The effects of a civic context.
Applied
Development Science, 12(1),
38-53.