發音(pronunciation) and 拼字(spelling)
將下列反紅的母音字母的音標寫出來：
(1) 字母 a 的發音
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)
(1.5)
(1.6)
(1.7)
at, act, absent, ass, ash：【 】
bad, cat, dad, lad, mad, nap, pad, rat, sad, swam, taxi, wax: 【
swan, want, wash, what, watch: 【 】
nature, nation, invitation: 【 】
ago, above, about, asleep: 【 】
already, always, although, ball, small, talk, walk：【 】
例外 algae [ˋældʒi]
fat 【 】
bad 【 】 hat 【 】 rap 【 】
fate【 】
bade【 】
hate 【 】 rape 【 】
】
(1.7) bail, bait, fail, hail, jail, mail, nail, paid, pail, rain, sail, tail, train: 【
例外 said: 【 】
(1.8) dairy: 【 】
(1.9) air, chair, hair, pair, stair: 【 】
(1.10) aisle: 【 】
(1.11) art, bar, car, far, farm, Mar, tar, yard: 【 】
(1.12) war, warn, warm, quarter, toward: 【 】
(1.13) backward, calendar, forward, grammar, pillar: 【 】
(1.14) bare, care, dare, fare, rare, share, spare, stare: 【 】
】
(1.15) August, autumn, caught, because, author, taught, audit, auction:【 】
(1.16) crawl, straw, draw, raw, gnaw (啃, 嚙), flaw:【 】
(2) 字母 e 的發音
(2.1) bet, get, let, leg, net, pet, set, yet: 【 】
(2.2) eve, complete, compete, delete: 【 】
(2.3) event, eclipse, edition, eleven: 【 】
(2.4) ever, enemy, element, eleven: 【 】
(2.5) enemy, element: 【 】
(2.6) clean, eat, each, lead (引導), meat, reach, seat, pea, tea, weak: 【 】
(2.7) dead, head, bread, lead (鉛): 【 】
(2.8) idea, real: 【 】
(2.9) really: 【 】
(2.10) ear, hear, clear, dear, fear, gear, near, tear(眼淚), year: 【
(2.11) bear, pear, tear(撕碎), wear: 【 】
(2.12) earn, earth, early, heard, learn: 【 】
(2.13) bee, deep, keep, need, sleep, sheep, week: 【 】
(2.14) beer, deer, cheer, steer: 【 】
(2.15) here, mere, severe, sincere: 【 】
(2.16) receive, receipt: 【 】
】
(2.17) Einstein: 【 】
(2.18) her, person, service, German: 【 】
(2.19) paper, sister, danger, winter, letter, summer: 【
】
(2.20) Europe, euphemism, (婉轉說法), Zeus (宙斯): 【 】
(2.21) drew, blew, crew: 【 】
(3) 字母 i 的發音
(3.1) bit, hid,
kit,
rid, win,
fin,
dim,
pin: 【 】
bite, hide, kite ride wine, fine,
dime, pine: 【 】
(3.2) kick, pick, sick, sink, link, give, hill, mill: 【 】
(3.3) find, kind, climb, child: 【 】
(3.4) bright, fight, high, light, might, night, sight: 【 】
(3.5) dial, giant,
(3.5) die, lie, tie: 【 】
(3.6) chief, thief, believe, piece, yield: 【 】
(3.7) bird, girl, dirty, sir, thirty, thirsty: 【 】
(3.8) fire, hire, tire, wire: 【 】
(4) 字母 o 的發音
(4.1) hop,
not, pop, lock, block, clock, knock, mob, mop: 【
hope,
note, pope, rope. stone, vote, zone: 【 】
(4.2) boat, coat, road, coast, goat, oak (橡樹), oat (燕麥), load, toad: 【 】
(4.3) foe (敵人), toe, hoe (鋤頭), woe (悲哀), foe (敵人): 【 】
(4.4) boil, coin, join, noise, oil, point, soil, voice: 【 】
(4.5) boy, toy, Troy: 【 】
(4.6) book, cook, took, good, wood, wool, foot, poor, moor: 【 】
(4.7) goose, room, noon, spoon, food, tooth: 【 】
(4.8) blood, flood: 【 】
(4.9) about, doubt, noun, loud, out, mouse, route, shout, pronounce: 【
(4.10) or, for, fork, horse, sort, north, short, order: 【 】
(4.11) port, fort (堡壘), pork: 【 】
(4.12) word, work, worth: 【 】
(4.13) doctor, author : 【 】
(4.14) more, shore, store, sore, before: 【 】
(4.15) bought, brought, dough(生麵糰), fought, sought: 【
(4.16) court, course, four, pour, mourn: 【 】
(4.17) tour, your: 【 】
(4.18) pour: 【 】
(4.19) our, hour, sour: 【 】
(4.20) bow (鞠躬), flower, how, now, wow: 【 】
(4.21) bow (弓箭), know, tow, window: 【 】
(4.22) Tom：【 】
】
】
】
Tomb：【 】
(5) 字母 u 的發音
(5.1) cup, but, fun, gun, gut, hut, hunt, junk, lung, much, nun, run: 【
(5.2) put: 【 】
(5.3) cut, tub,
pub：【 】
cute, tube, dude, mute, tune, mule: 【
(5.4) dilute, flute : 【 】
(5.5) due, hue (顏色), Tuesday, : 【
(5.6) sue: 【 】
(5.7) fluid：【 】
(5.8) guilt （有罪）： 【 】
】
】
(5.9) quilt 被(子) : 【 】
(5.10) burn, fur, hurt, nurse, purse, turn, Thursday: 【
(5.11) Saturday: 【 】
(5.10) cure, sure, pure: 【
(5.11) lure:
】
】
】
子音特殊規則：
(1) mb 一起出現在字尾時，b 不發音：
climb [klaɪm], lamb [læm], comb [kom], tomb [tum]
(2) ch 的發音
[tʃ]：beach, bench, church, chair, catch, fetch, lunch
[k]：ache, choir [kwaɪr] (唱詩班), chorus[ˋkorəs] (合唱隊),
orchestra[ˋɔrkɪstrə] (管弦樂隊), stomach, school
(2) th 的發音
[θ] ：thank, think, thick, thin, thunder, throat, thought
[ð] ：this, that, these, those
[t] ：Thomas[ˋtɑməs] 湯瑪斯(男子名)
(3) tr:【˙ㄔㄨ】
tree, true, trunk, truck, trust
(4) dr：【˙ㄓㄨ】
draw[drɔ] , drew [dru],
drawn [drɔn], drop [drɑp],
drink [drɪŋk], drank [dræŋk], drunk [drʌŋk]
(5) ng 和 nk 的 n 都唸【ŋ】
blink [blɪŋk], ding-dong [ˋdɪŋˋdɔŋ], English [ˋɪŋglɪʃ]
fungus [ˋfʌŋgəs] (菌類植物), junk [dʒʌŋk], lung [lʌŋ]
monk [mʌŋk] (修道士; 僧侶), pink [pɪŋk], ring [rɪŋ]
(6) c 的發音：ce 和 ci 的 c 要唸【s】，其餘的 c 要唸［k］
【s】： importance, force, instance
pencil, accident, docil, city, cider [ˋsaɪdɚ] 】(用作飲料或製醋用的)蘋果汁
【k】：cat, call, cake, because, coat, cold, cute, cut. cup