INTRODUCTION
 Goals: Get the attention and interest of your audience, set the tone, reveal the topic, establish credibility and good will, and preview the speech.
Attention-getters
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 narrative humor quotation rhetorical question startling statement arouse curiosity reference to audience, occasion, or current events, previous speech presentation aids (visual/audio)
Need
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Create desire on the part of the audience to listen. Answer the questions: “Why should I care?” and “How does this topic relate to me?”
Show the scope of the issue, the degree of importance, and the ramifications.
Reveal the topic and your interest or point of view.
Establish credibility and good will with the audience.
Preview the body of the speech.
BODY
(Signposts throughout speech)
Main points (2-5)

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 Choose your organizational pattern based on the topic and your approach.
State your main ideas as complete sentences and a single idea.
Parallel the main ideas grammatically if possible.
Your audience should be able to recognize and remember your main points.
Types of organization patterns
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 chronological spatial topical causal (both informative and persuasive logical reasons problem/solution problem/cause/solution comparative advantages refutation
Support
Use a variety of support (facts/statistics, testimony, examples), picked for your particular audience.
Make sure each point is developed completely before going on to the next.
If needed, summarize the point before making a transition to the next point.
Document your sources to add credibility. Use recent, credible sources and cite them in your speech when necessary.
Factors of attention, understanding and remembering need to be used.
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 humor relevance intensity repetition

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 novelty compare/contrast visuals narratives examples
CONCLUSION
Summarize/Review
Close with impact
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 quotation narrative appeal to action return to opening theme