Chapter 10 情態助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs) Part 2
Team 4: Jeff and Betty
Date: ...
[請把課本對應的部分附上頁數]
[添加練習]
事實論斷
現在-肯定
現在-否定
100%
be / v 現在
be not /
do(does) not vr
式
過去-肯定
was or were
/ V 過去式
couldn’t be / vr
99%
過去-否定
肯定-未來
wasn’t or weren’t
will vr
/ did not vr
couldn’t have been /
can’t be / Vr
have Vp.p
can’t have been /
have V p.p
95%
must be /
vr
must not be /
vr
must have been /
have Vp.p.
must not have
been / have Vp.p
90%
should /ought to
vr
低於 50% may/might/
could be /
vr
might not be /
vr
may/might/could
have been / have
may / might
not have been /
may not be / vr
Vpp
have Vpp
10-1 肯定的程度：現在時間-肯定式
－ Why isn’t John in class?
100%論斷：He is sick.
95%論斷：He must be sick.
低於 50%論斷： He may be sick.
He might be sick.
He could be sick.
添加 exercise 的兩個方式：(choose the one which you think is appropriate)
A. 當此文法較簡單時，直接在 handout 上放一題至兩題練習題。
例如：
Exercise：請合併兩句成一句。(練習一 p268)
may/might/could
vr
Chapter 10 情態助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs) Part 2
1. The student is from China. He sits nect to me(3). [1.是 handout 的序號，（3）是
課本練習題的題號]。
B.
當此文法較易混淆時，需做較多練習，則請同學直接在課本上做練習。
例如：
Exercise：請合併兩句成一句。2-5 (練習一 p268)
10-2 肯定的程度：現在時間-否定式
100%論斷：Sam isn’t hungry.
99% 論斷：Sam couldn’t be hungry.
Sam can’t be hungry.
95% 論斷：Sam must not be hungry.
低於 50%論斷：Sam might not be hungry.
10-3 肯定的程度：過去時間-肯定式
－ Why wasn’t Mary in class?
(a)
100%論斷：She was sick.
(b)
95%論斷：She must have been sick.
(c)低於 50%論斷：She may have been sick.
She might have been sick.
She could have been sick.
肯定的程度：過去時間-否定式
－ Why didn’t Sam eat?
(d)
(e)
100%論斷：Sam wasn’t hungry.
99%論斷：Sam couldn’t have been hungry.
Sam can’t have been hungry.
(f)
95%論斷：Sam must not have been hungry.
(g)低於 50%論斷：Sam may not have been hungry.
Sam might not have been hungry.
10-4 肯定的程度：未來時間
100%肯定：Kay will do well on the test.
→說話者完全肯定
Chapter 10 情態助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs) Part 2
90%肯定：Kay should do well on the test.
Kay ought to do well on the test. →說話者幾乎完全肯定
She may do well on the test.
50%以下的肯定：She might do well on the test.
→說話者只是在猜測
She could do well on the test.
A. should do / ought to do:可用以表示說話者對未來事件的期待
She’s been studying hard for the exam, so she should/ought to pass.
B. should have done / ought to have done 的過去式用以表示說話者期待的是沒有發生
It was a great party last night. You should have/ought to have come.
10-5 情態助動詞的進行式
(a) Let’s just knock on the door lightly.
Tom
may be sleeping.
(b) All of the lights in Ann’s room are turned
進行式，現在時間：
情態助動詞+ be +-ing
She must be sleeping.
含意：現在正在進行
(c) Sue wasn’t at home last night when we
進行式，過去時間：
off.
went to visit her. She might have been
studying at the library.
(d) Joe wasn’t at home last right. He has a
lot of exams coming up soon, and he is
情態動詞+ have been + -ing
含意：過去某一時刻正在進行
also working on a term paper. He must
have been studying at the library.
10-7 用 would 表達一種過去反覆發生的動作
(a) When I was a child, my father would
read me a story at night before bedtime.
(b) When I was a child, my father used to
read me a story at night before bedtime.
Would 可以用來表達過去經常重複發生的動
作。當 would 用來表示這種含義時，它與
(c) I used to live in California.
He used to be a Boy Scout.
They used to have a Ford.
Use to 表示存在於過去的一種習慣性情況，
used to 同義(過去的習慣)
(a)句和(b)句同義。
如(c)句。在此情況下，不可用 would 代替。would
只用於過去經常反覆發生的動作。
Chapter 10 情態助動詞 (Auxiliary Verbs) Part 2
10-8 表示「寧願」： would rather
(a) I would rather go to a movie tonight
than study grammar.
(b) I’d rather study history than (study)
biology.
would rather 表示寧願。
在(a)句中：要注意 would rather 及 than 後面
接動詞簡單式。
在(b)句中：如果動詞相同，than 後面的動詞
通常不重複。
－ How much do you weigh?
縮寫：I would= I’d
否定型式：would rather + not
(c) I’d rather not tell you.
(d) The movie was okay, but I would rather
have gone to the concert last night.
過去式：would rather have+ done
(e) I’d rather be lying on a beach in India
than (be) sitting in class right now.
進行式：would rather +be +-ing
10-9 結合 情態助動詞 與 片語情態助動詞
(a) 錯誤：Janet will can help you tomorrow.
情態助動詞後面不可直接接另一個情態助動
詞。
在(a)句中：情態助動詞 will 後面不可直接另
一個情態助動詞 can。
(b) 正確：Janet will be able to help you
然而情態助動詞後面可接”片語式情態助動詞”
tomorrow.
be able to 和 have to。
在(b)句中：情態助動詞 will 後面接了片語式
情態助動詞 be able to。
(c) 正確：Tom isn’t going to be able to help 有時片語式助動詞後面也可接另一個片語式
情態助動詞。
you tomorrow.
在(c)句中：be going to 後面 be able to。
資料來源：Azar, B. Schrampfer. Understanding and Using English Grammar. 3rd ed. Chinese Translation.
Taipei：Caves Books,2000.
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