Evaluation on dispersion behavior of
the aqueous copper nano-suspensions
Xinfang Li ∗, Dongsheng Zhu, Xianju Wang
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 310 (2007) 456–463
指導老師：江禎立 教授
學生：林宗興
日期：97.12.05
Abstract
 本文獻主要是以各別加入三種不同類型分散劑
(TX-10、 CATB、 SDBS)的方式，將尺寸為 1100nm的 Cu奈米粒子分散於水相中，並評估粒
子在不同濃度及不同 pH值下的分散情形。
Sediment photographs
Cu nanosuspensions
Spectrophotometer
Zeta potential
Introduction
 由於奈米流體的熱傳導效果相較於一般常見的熱
轉移溶液 (heat transfer fluid)佳，故已有不少研究
團隊專研由各種不同系統所組成的奈米流體體系
，如 Cu , Al2O3, CuO, SiC奈米粒子或 nanotubes
(CNTs)等。
 製備奈米流體即是將奈米粒子均勻分散在常見的
溶液中，例如水、乙二醇或油等；並於 1995年，
由美國國家實驗室研究人員 Choi發表相關文獻。
Fig 1. Development and application of nano-structure
Experiment
Cu nano-suspensions
沉降時間： 24 hr
Sediment photographs
經沉降 24 hr，取
上層液
Spectrophotometer
稀釋 Cu nanosuspension至0.05%
(mass fraction)
Zeta potential
Chemicals
 Cu powder
Purchased by Shenzhen Junye Nano Material Ltd, China and the
copper content > 99.9%.
Fig 2. TEM micrograph of nano-copper.
Fig 3. Mass fraction vs particle size for nanocopper.
Chemicals
 Non-ionic surfactant
polyoxyethylene (10) nonyl
phenyl ether (referred to as TX-10)
in chemical grade.
 Cationic surfactant
hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium
bromide (referred to as CATB) in
analytical grade.
Fig 4. Chemical structures of surfactants:
(a) TX-10; (b) CATB; (c) SDBS.
 Anionic surfactant
sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
(referred to as SDBS) in chemical
grade, all from Guangzhou Chemical
Reagent Factory (China).
Results and discussion
 一般常使用於粉體分散的方
Fig 5. Photographs of Cu–H2O
suspensions in the absence (a)
and in the presence (b) of CATB
dispersant depositing for a week.
法為：
(1) 加入分散劑 (或界面活
性劑)
(a)
(2) 調整 pH
(b)
(3) 使用超音波震盪
Fig 6. Particle size distributions of Cu–H2O
suspensions in the absence (a) and in the
presence (b) of CATB dispersant.
Influence of pH on stability of copper nano-suspensions
Fig 7. Effect of pH on zeta potential of Cu–H2O suspensions
with different dispersants.
Fig 8. Sediment photographs vs pH depositing for a week.
Fig 9. Effect of pH on absorbency of Cu–H2O suspension
with CATB dispersants.
DLVO theory
 在 1940~1948年由 Deryaguin, Landau, Verwey
與 Overbeek建立了表面電荷與膠體穩定性之間
的關係理論，即為 DLVO理論。
 此理論認為：膠粒之間存在著相互吸引力 (即
凡德瓦爾力)與互相排斥力 (靜電排斥力)；又這
兩種相反的作用力決定了溶膠的穩定性。
 總交互作用勢能與膠粒間距離 (H)之關係式：
VT(H) = VR(H) + VA(H)
DLVO theory
Fig 10. DLVO理論示意圖
Fig 11. The calculated DLVO interparticle interaction
potentials between copper particles at pH 3.
Fig 12. The calculated DLVO interparticle interaction
potentials between copper particles at pH 9.5.
Influence of the dispersant on stability of copper nano-suspensions
Non-ionic surfactant
Fig 14. Effect of TX-10 concentration on the zeta
potential and absorbency (pH 9.5).
Fig 13. Sediment photographs vs TX-10
concentration depositing for a week:
(a) 0.03, (b) 0.10, (c) 0.20, (d) 0.43, and (e)
0.62%.
Cationic surfactant
Fig 16. Effect of CATB concentration on the zeta
potential and absorbency (pH 9.5).
Fig 15. Sediment photographs vs CATB
concentration depositing for a week:
(a) 0.02, (b) 0.04, (c) 0.05, (d) 0.08, and (e)
0.12%.
Anionic surfactant
Fig 18. Effect of SDBS concentration on the zeta
potential and absorbency (pH 9.5).
Fig 17. Sediment photographs vs SDBS
concentration depositing for a week:
(a) 0.03, (b) 0.05, (c) 0.07, (d) 0.09, and (e)
0.12%.
Summary
(1) 以 zeta potential與 absorbency的測量結果可作
為判斷懸浮體分散性的準則。
(2) pH值對銅奈米懸浮液的穩定性具有相當大的
影響 ------ pH 9.5
(3) 以 0.1%銅奈米懸浮液，在 pH 9.5條件下，加
入不同類型的分散劑，並經由實驗結果得到最
佳的分散性。
1) TX-10 <Non-ionic surfactant> --- 0.43%
2) CATB <Cationic surfactant> --- 0.05%
3) SDBS <Anionic surfactant> --- 0.07%
References
[1] X. Li, D. Zhu, X. Wang, Colloid Interface Sci. , 310 (2007) 456
[2] H.T. Zhu, Y.S. Lin, Y.S. Yin, Colloid Interface Sci. , 277 (2004) 100
[3] 高濂,孫靜, 劉陽橋, 奈米粉體的分散及表面改性, 化學工業出版社,
2003
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