proteiN
• proteiN – “N” stands for nitrogen.
• There is an “N” in the word proteiN
• The element Nitrogen is always present in
proteiNs.
Parts of an amino acid
• The NH2 group is the
amino group
• The COOH on right is
called a carboxyl
group.
• Carboxyl group is
responsible for giving
the amiNo acid it’s
acid properties
Elements
Present
Used by
organisms
Related terms & info
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
(always those
4)
Structure
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hormones
Pigments
Peptide bond = the bond that
holds amino acids together in
protein molecules
Dipeptide = two connected amino
acids
Polypeptide = 3 or more
connected amino acids
Amino Acid
Building
block of
proteiNs:
Making Chains
• There are 20
essential amino acids
that the human body
needs.
• These 20 amino acids
combine together to
form long chains.
• These long chains of
amino acids are
known as proteins.
How are amino acid chains
formed?
• By dehydration
synthesis.
• Amino acids are
linked by peptide
bonds.
• Two amino acids liked
together is known as
a _________?
• Many amino acids
linked together is
known as
a___________?
Peptide bonds are broken by
hydrolysis
• Hydrolysis breaks the
peptide bond by the
addition of water
(H2O)
What is occurring in this reaction
Hydrolysis or Dehydration Synthesis?
Which one of these is an amino
acid?
All amino acids are the same
except for the R group
Proteins in the cell membrane
• Proteins are used in
the cell membrane to
aid in what kind of
diffusion?
• They are used in what
kind of transport?