African Commission on Agricultural Statistics
20th Session, 10 – 13 December 2007, Algiers, Algeria
AGRI-GENDER DATABASE
Tool kit for collection and use
of sex disaggregated data
World Census of Agriculture Programme 2010
By Diana Tempelman
Senior Officer, Gender and Development
FAO, Regional Office for Africa
1
Presentation outline
World Census of Agriculture Programme
1930 - 2010
1.
Agricultural data in WCA: 1930–’90
2.
Gender related data in the 2000 WCA
3.
Gender related data in the 2010 WCA
4.
Gender module for 2010 WCA
 AGRI-GENDER DATABASE
5.
Conclusion
2
1. Agricultural data in WCA: 1930–’90



Focus on quantities produced
Demographic data, if at all  head of
the household or agricultural holder
Women’s involvement perceived as
domestic or reproductive not
economic or productive
3
2. Gender related data in the 2000 WCA
Among others:



Addresses gender biases in statistical tools
Expands data collection to small-scale and
peri-urban agriculture
data analysis and presentation
at sub-holding level, introducing
the sub-holder concept
4
SUB-HOLDING

defined as a single agricultural activity
managed by a particular person in the
holder’s household on behalf of the
agricultural holder.
one or more sub-holdings in a holding.
could comprise a single plot, a whole field,
a whole parcel, or even the whole holding.
could also be a livestock operation associated
with or without any land (FAO, 2005a).
5
Data available from WCA 2000 on
selected gender relevant issues

Male and Female heads of agricultural HH
“Feminisation of agriculture”

Access to resources – land

Access to resources – animals / finances

Labour constraints

Access to agricultural extension

Crop preferences
6
Demographic data  Male and female headed HH
feminisation agriculture (1)
Heads of agricultural holdings / sex in selected provinces - CAMEROON
Province
Agric. census 1984
Agric. survey’85– ‘86
Agric. surveys ’89 –
‘90
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Extreme North
91,8
8.2
91,8
8.2
92,6
7.4
East
91,6
8.4
90,8
9.2
85,6
14.4
Central
77,8
22.2
78,5
21.5
71,8
28.2
South
84,9
15.1
81,1
18.9
71,2
28.8
Coast
79,1
20.9
79,9
20.1
63,2
36.8
West
75,8
24.2
73,6
26.4
66.0
34.0
National
85.4
14.6
85.2
14.8
79,4
20.6
7
Demographic data
 feminisation of agriculture (2)
Guinea – Labé Region
Guinea
85+
85+
80 - 84
80 - 84
75 - 79
75 - 79
70 -74
70 -74
65 - 69
65 - 69
60 - 64
60 - 64
55 - 59
55 - 59
50 - 54
50 - 54
45 - 49
45 - 49
40 - 44
40 - 44
35 - 39
35 - 39
30 - 34
30 - 34
25 - 29
25 - 29
20 - 24
20 - 24
15 -19
15 -19
.10 - 14
.10 - 14
.5 - 9
.5 - 9
>5
>5
Scale maximum = 800000
Male
Female
Male
Female
Scale maximum = 90000
8
Male & female headed HH – NIGER
Data presentation at sub-national level
Tableau M1 : Répartition des ménages agricoles selon la région et le sexe
du chef de ménage
Régions
Agadez
Diffa
Dosso
Maradi
Tahoua
Tillabery
Zinder
Niamey
Total
Homme
Effectif
37 695
45 234
191 535
289 487
279 460
216 281
383 648
39 521
1 482 862
%
87,6
90,0
96,2
97,1
91,1
97,4
90,3
92,9
Femme
Effectif
5 332
5 002
7 553
8 650
27 227
5 827
41 047
3 033
%
12,4
10,0
3,8
2,9
8,9
2,6
9,7
7,1
93,5
103 670
6,5
Effectif total
43 027
50 236
199 088
298 137
306 687
222 108
424 695
42 553
1 586 532
SOURCE : Recensement de l'Agriculture et du Cheptel (RGAC) - 2004/2006
9
Male and female headed HH –Tanzania
at regional level
Agricultural HH
Tanzania:
•20% female headed
•80% male headed
10
Access to resources  Tanzania
LAND
11
Land area per HH by sex of HoHH
TANZANIA – REGIONAL VARIATION
12
Access to resources – NIGER
ANIMALS & effects of financial constraints
PROVISIONAL DATA
Sedentary animals by sex of owner – NIGER ( % )
Bovine
Sheep
Goats
Arses
Donkeys
Pigs
Poultry
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
77.6 22.4 59.9 40.1 45.2 54.8 90.6 9.4 81.6 18.4 45.2 54.8 70.3 29.7
13
Demographic data
 labour constraints
Tab.2 – Number of inactive /active household members and number of male
active members per sex of Head of Household (HoHH) –TANZANIA
Selected
regions
Dodoma
Mtwara
Iringa
Mbeya
Mara
Tanzania
Inactive / active by sex HoHH
Male HoHH Female HoHH
1.4
2
1.1
2.2
1.3
1.9
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.4
1.7
Male active / sex of HoHH
Male HoHH Female HoHH
1.1
0.3
1.0
0.5
1.1
0.2
1.1
0.3
1.0
0.5
1.1
0.4
14
Impact labour constraints - Tanzania
female headed HH’s use of credit
15
Division of Labour
whilst also being responsible
for the normal female duties of
the household beer making,
collecting water, etc. They also
use more of hired labour
Female heads of households take on the
additional roles normally undertaken by
the male head of household; Off farm
income, bee keeping and fishing
Chart 5.17 Percent of Households by Type of Labour - MALE Headed
Households
Off - farm Income Generation
Fish Farming
Fishing
Beekeeping
Making Beer
Building / Maintaining Houses
T imber Wood Cutting
Pole Cutting
Collecting Firewood
Collecting Water
Poultry Keeping
Pig Rearing
Milking
Goat & Sheep Marketing
Goat & Sheep Herding
Goat & Sheep Rearing
Cattle Marketing
Cattle Herding
Cattle Rearing
Crop Marketing
Crop Processing
Harvesting
Crop Protection
Weeding
Planting
Soil Preparation by Oxen / T ractor
Soil Preparation by Hand
Land Clearing
Off - farm Income Generation
Fish Farming
Fishing
Beekeeping
Making Beer
Building / Maintaining Houses
T imber Wood Cutting
Pole Cutting
Collecting Firewood
Collecting Water
Poultry Keeping
Pig Rearing
Milking
Goat & Sheep Marketing
Goat & Sheep Herding
Goat & Sheep Rearing
Cattle Marketing
Cattle Herding
Cattle Rearing
Crop Marketing
Crop Processing
Harvesting
Crop Protection
Weeding
Planting
Soil Preparation by Oxen / T ractor
Soil Preparation by Hand
Land Clearing
Type of Labour
Type of Labour
0%
Head of Household Alone
Adults
Percent
Boys & Girls
Chart 5.18 Percent of Households by Type of Labour
- Female Headed Households
20%
40%
Adults Males
Boys
All Household Members
60%
80%
Adult Female
Girls
Hired Labour
100%
0%
Head of Household Alone
Adults
Percent
Boys & Girls
20%
40%
Adults Males
Boys
All Household Members
60%
80%
Adult Female
Girls
Hired Labour
16
100%
Data analysis & presentation sub-holding level
 access to agricultural extension services
Tab 4 : Access to agricultural extension by sex of sub-holder - SENEGAL
Region
Diourbel
Thiès
Koalack
Kolda
National
Male sub-holders
N
%
16,197
7,826
39,889
18,364
155,072
4.62
1.37
6.55
4.05
4.08
Female sub-holders
N
%
4,722
5,895
9,075
4,612
53,253
1.35
1.03
1.47
1.02
1.40
Total
%
20,919
13,721
48,964
22,976
208,325
3.9
1.2
5.6
3.4
3.4
17
Crop preferences
analysis and presentation sub-holding level
Tab 3 Area cultivated / crop by sex of agricultural holder and sub-holder
Burkina Faso, mid 1990s
Holder
(Collective fields)
Sub-Holder
(Individual fields)
Crops
Millet
Maize
Rice
Groundnuts
Vouandzou
White sorghum
Red sorghum
(sub) Total
M
97
99
98
97
96
98
97
98
F
3
1
2
3
4
2
3
2
M
45
90
65
32
20
58
55
48
F
55
10
35
68
80
42
45
52
Both
(All fields)
M
F
87
13
89
11
85
15
54
46
50
50
90
10
91
9
86
14
18
Crop preferences
Data presentation at sub-national level
 area under maize
19
Crop preferences
Data presentation at sub-national level
 area under vouandzou
20
Crop preferences
Data presentation at sub-national level
 area under gombo
21
Gender publications 2000 WCA
United Republic of Tanzania
NATIONAL SAMPLE CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE
2002/2003
GENDER PROFILE OF SMALLHOLDER RURAL
AGRICULTURE POPULATION IN
TANZANIA MAINLAND
Volume IX
National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security,
Ministry of Water and Livestock Development, Ministry of Cooperatives and Marketing,
Presidents Office, Regional Administration and Local Government,
Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs – Zanzibar
Forthcoming Gender profiles:



Livestock sub-sector, NIGER
Agricultural sub-sector, NIGER
Overall agricultural sector, CAPE VERDE
22
3. Gender related data 2010 WCA
CORE CENSUS module


limited number of variables
exhaustive data collection
TWELVE SUPPLEMENTARY MODULES
01:
02:
03:
04:
05:
06:
Land
Irrigation and water management
Crops
Livestock
Agricultural practices
Agricultural services
07: Demogr.& social characteristics
08: Farm labour
09: Household food security
10: Aquaculture
11: Forestry
12: Management of the holding
(sub-holdings / sex of sub-holder)
23
4. Gender module for 2010 WCA
24
4. Gender module for 2010 WCA
 AGRI-GENDER DATABASE
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Agricultural population and
households
Access to productive resources
Production and productivity
Destination of agricultural produce
Labour and time-use
Income and expenditures
Membership of agricultural/farmer
organisations
Food security
Poverty indicators
25
ii - Access to productive resources
NIGER
Example: Question regarding landowne rship by sub-holder - NIGER
Identification
champs, parcelles
INVENTAIRE DES PARCELLES DU MËNAGE AGRICOLE
Sexe du
responsable de la
Nom et prénoms du
Type de gestion de
responsable de la parcelle
parcelle
la parcelle
1
2
3
Inscrire le
numéro
d'ordre
du champ
Inscrire le
numéro
d'ordre de
la parcelle
Inscrire d'abord le nom, puis les
prénoms du responsable
de la parcelle en commençant
par le Chef de Ménage
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|
|__|
4
1 = Masculin
2 = Féminin
5
1 = Individuel
2 = Collectif
Etc.
26
ii - Access to productive resources
Continue
INVENTAIRE DES PARCELLES DU MËNAGE AGRICOLE
Passé cultural
Système de
Mode
de la parcelle
culture
d'acquisition
6
1 = Cultivé
2 = Jachère
7
1 = Culture pure
2 = Cult. associé
Type de relief
8
1 = Héritage
2 = Achat
3 = Fermage ou métayage
4 = Prêt
5 = Don
6 = Autre
9
1 = Plaine ou plateau
2 = Bas-fonds
3 = Versant colline montagne
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
Etc.
Source: Recensement général de l’agriculture et du cheptel, Niger, 2005/06
27
ii - Access to productive resources
The GAMBIA
Numb er of Cattle
A. CATTLE AND CALVES
(a)
Males
Females
(b )
(c)
Total Cattle
(d)
Numb er of Cattle managed or
owned b y sex of members
Male
Female
(e)
(f)
Total numb er of cattle of all ages
(If “None” enter X and move to
B)
Total numb er under 2 years of
age
Total numb er 2 years of age and
over
ANIMALS
Numb er of Goats
B. GOATS
(a)
Males
Females
(b )
(c)
Numb er of Sheep
C. SHEEP AND LAMBS
(a)
Males
Females
(b )
(c)
Numb er of Pigs
D. PIGS
(a)
E. POULTRY AND RABBITS
(a)
Total Goats
(d)
Total Sheep
(d)
Total Pigs
Numb er of Goats managed or
owned b y sex of members
Male
Female
(e)
(f)
Numb er of Sheep managed or
owned b y sex of members
Male
Female
(e)
(f)
Numb er of Pigs managed or
owned b y sex of members
Males
Females
Male
Female
(b )
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Hens,
Cocks,
Ducks and
Ducklings
Others: Turkeys,
Guinea Fowls, etc.
Other Farm
Animals
(Specify)
Rabbits
(b )
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
28
iii - Production and productivity
MALI
RECAPITULATIF DES BLOCS ET PARCELLES DE L’EXPLOITATION TRADITIONELLE
N° Bloc
N° parcelle
Saison :
1=
Hivern.
2= Hors
hivern.
Culture principale
Nom
Code
Superficie en ares
N° d’ordre
du
responsab
le de mise
en val. de
la parcelle
Nom du
responsab l
e de la
parcelle
Sexe du
responsa
ble de la
parcelle
1=M
2=F
148
I__I__I
149
I__I__I
150
I___I
151
_____
152
I__|__|__I
153
I__I__I__I__I,I__I__I
154
I___I___I
155
_________
156
|__|
I__I__I
I__I__I
I___I
_____
I__|__|__I
I__I__I__I__I,I__I__I
I___I___I
_________
|__|
I__I__I
I__I__I
I___I
_____
I__|__|__I
I__I__I__I__I,I__I__I
I___I___I
_________
|__|
Etc.
Total (1)
I___I___I___I___I___I, I___I___I
Source : République du Mali – Recensement Général de l’Agriculture 1999 / 2000
29
iii - Production and productivity
NIGER
Code
Champ Parcelle
1
2
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
|__|__|
Système
de
culture
(code)
3
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
Sexe du
responsable
de parcelle
Nom de la
culture
Poids brut en
k ilogramme
(k g)
Poids net en
k ilogramme
(k g)
6
7
3’
4
Code
de la
culture
5
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
………….
|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
………….
|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
………….
|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
………….
|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
|__|__|,|__|__|__|
(1 = M ; 2 = F)
Etc.
Source République du Niger – Recensement Général de l’Agriculture et du Cheptel 2004-2006
30
v. Labour and time-use
ETHIOPIA
5. How many persons were engaged on the holding other than the holder? (Last 12 months )
S/N
Labour status
5.1
Permanent paid work ers (full-time)
5.2
Temporary (seasonal paid work ers)
5.3
Unpaid family work ers
5.4
Partners (share holders paid/unpaid)
5.5
Total persons engaged at any time of the year
Male
Number
Female
Total
Source: Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration Miscellaneous Questions – 2001/02
31
v. Labour and time-use
UGANDA
5.3.2
Household members work on the holding by specific operations
27
How many household members work ed permanently or temporarily on the holding this agricultural
season on the specified operations ? (Give the number work ed for all categories).
Operation
Code
Males
(1)
Number who participated
Children
Females
Boys
Girls
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Ploughing
1
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Planting
2
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Weeding
3
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Pruning
4
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Harvesting
5
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Bush clearing
6
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Herding
7
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Feeding
8
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Milk ing
9
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Fish farming
10
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Construction/maintenance
11
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
Other, specify
12
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
|__|__|__|
32
v. Labour and time-use
ETHIOPIA
Mak e
(code)
Female
(code)
Children(code)
Boys
Girls
S/N
Activity
21.1
Tilling
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.2
Sowing
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.3
Weeding
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.4
Harvesting
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.5
Feeding/Treating
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.6
Milk ing
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
21.7
Mark eting of agricult ural products
|__|
|__|
|__|
|__|
33
v. Labour and time-use
TUNISIA
Nom …..
GRILLE BUDGET-TEMPS
Temps
Heure réveil!_!_! _!_! HIER.......
(heures)
Semaine dernière (heures)
Activités
P.
Matin Midi A. midi Soir Total 2è
mat
j.
3è j. 4è
j.
5è
j.
6è
j.
Mois dernier (jours)
7è
j.
Année dernière (jours)
Total 2ème 3ème 4ème Total Eté Print. Autom Hiver Total
A. AGRICOLE
1. Préparation du
sol (labour,
binage, sarclage,
désherbage,
fertilisation,
semis, taille,
piquage,
irrigation)
2. Récolte,
cueillette,
moisson
3. Act. paraagricoles
(transport, récolte,
marché, entretien,
stock, etc.)
34
5. CONCLUSION – DISCUSSION ITEMS

Steps to enhance production of sexdisaggregated data

Steps to enhance utilisation of sexdisaggregated data
35
Thank you for your attention
36