H O • x 10 Biomagnification of

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Biomagnification of
Monomethylmercury
in Carnegie Lake
H2O • x 104
Are there differences in MMHg uptake for different species of
phytoplankton? Which characteristics might be related to increased
uptake?
Size Fractioning
Target Group
Filter pore size
Phytoplankton and particulates
0.4−20 μm
Herbivorous zooplankton
>20 μm
Flow Cytometry
Target Group
Signal
Live Autotrophs
DNA & chlorophyll
Live Heterotrophs
DNA
Detritus
None
Within each site: Does the concentration of
MMHg increase with increasing trophic level?
Clams
Amphipods
Blood worms
Snails
Comparing the 5 sites: Is there a correlation
between the density of phytoplankton and the
concentration of mercury in the biota?
• Phytoplankton density based on fluorescence
of chlorophyll (mg of chlorophyll L-1)
High Plankton Densities Reduce Mercury Biomagnification
Chen & Folt, 2005
Total Mercury in Plankton based on
Volume filtered 6/23/10
Total Mercury in Plankton based on
Volume Filtered 7/27/10
4
0,35
0,3
Phytoplankton
6/23/10
0,25
0,2
0,15
Zooplankton
6/23/10
0,1
0,05
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL09
CL14
Concentration HgT (ng/L)
Concentration HgT (ng/L)
0,4
3,5
3
Phytoplankton
7/27/10
2,5
2
Zooplankton
7/27/10
1,5
1
0,5
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL09
CL14
Question: Is there a correlation between the density of phytoplankton and the
concentration of MMHg in the biota?
Total Mercury in Plankton based on
Volume Filtered 7/27/10
Chlorophyll Concentration in
Unfiltered Water
30
3,5
3
Phytoplankton
6/23/10
Zooplankton
6/23/10
Phytoplankton
7/27/10
Zooplankton
7/27/10
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
Chlorophyll fluorescence
Concentration HgT (ng/L)
4
25
20
6/23/2010
15
7/27/2010
10
5
0
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL09
CL14
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL09
CL14
Total Mercury 6/23/10
Total Hg in Water, Carnegie Lake
7/27/10
7
8
5
4
Unfiltered
3
Filtered
2
1
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL06
DUP
CL06
TRIP
CL09
CL14
Concentration HgT (ng/L)
6
7
6
5
4
Filtered
3
Unfiltered
2
1
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CONTAMINATED FILTER
Total Hg in Unfiltered Water
Carnegie Lake
3,5
Concentration HgT (ng/L)
HgT Concentration (ng/mL)
8
3
2,5
2
Unfiltered 6/23/10
1,5
Unfiltered 7/27/10
1
0,5
0
CL01
CL04
CL06
CL09
CL14
CL09
CL14
Total Hg Concentration in Invertebrates & Fish
200
180
Concentration HgT (ng/g)
160
140
CL01
120
CL04
CL05
100
CL06
80
CL09
CL14
60
40
20
0
Backswimmers
Snails
Amphipods
Clams
Limpet
Fish
Total Hg Concentration in
Amphipods
180
Concentration HgT (ng/g)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
CL01 Amphipods CL04 Amphipods CL09 Amphipods
705.6 ppb HgT
312.4 ppb HgT
Total Mercury in Fish
Mean Mercury Concentrations in Freshwater Fish Species
Mean concentration (ppb)
200
180
Bottom Feeders
Carp
White sucker 110
Channel catfish
160
140
120
110
90
100
Predator Fish
Largemouth bass
Smallmouth bass
Walleye
Brown trout 140
80
60
40
20
0
CL01 Spotted
Sunfish
CL09 Largemouth
Bass
460
340
520
a EPA National Study of Chemical Residues in Fish 1987;
b Concentrations are reported on wet weight basis
Source: Bahnick et al., 1994.
Biomagnification of Total Mercury
X8
X2
X 20,000
Concentration HgT (ppb)
Total Mercury at Site CL01
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Thanks to PEI, Dr. Eileen Zerba, Dr. Francois Morel, Frank
Black, Nejma Piagentini, and my fellow interns for all
your help this summer!
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