The South Asian Neighbour at No. 42 Goes Global1: Jorge Diego Sánchez University of Salamanca, Spain Television drama is one of the most remarkable cultural lenses through which to evaluate the presence and the recurrence of stereotypical artistic constructions of the many identities that coexist in the “Diaspora Space” (Brah 1996). In is in this light that this paper will introduce and discuss The Kumars at No. 42, a British sitcom that portrayed a British South Asian family living in the London district of Wembley (UK) during the first years of the Noughties (2001-2006). The show, which enjoyed the benefit of the British audience and critics alike (it won two International Emmy Awards in 2002 and 2003), portrayed the daily routines of Sanjeev, a thirty-something British Indian man dreaming of becoming a TV presenter and Shushila, his grandmother, who constantly mocks her grandson’s obsession with money and his social incompetence to integrate the South Asian distinctiveness into what she calls the “British way of life”. The present paper has a two-fold purpose. Firstly, it analyses the construction of this pair of characters as illustrative of the stereotypes that are still created by the British society about the South Asian community: the old auntie stuck in the old traditions from the Sub-Continent and the first generation British Indian man only eager to work and earn money. Secondly, it studies how these two characters have been re-written in the adaptations of The Kumars at No. 42 that have been produced in Australia, India and Pakistan. By so doing, this essay will ultimately aim at further contextualising the derogatory and cultural reading of South Asian difference that, both in the British and the global productions of The Kumars, are designed for these two recurrent constructions of the next-door South Asian migrant. BACKGROUND BIBLIOGRAPHY Ali, Nasreen & Virinder S. Kalra & S. Sayyd (ed.). A Postcolonial People. South Asians in Britain. London: Hurst & Company, 2004. _______. “Imperial Implosions: Postcoloniality and the Orbits of Migration” in Ali, Nasreen & Virinder S. Kalra & S. Sayyd (ed.). A Postcolonial People. South Asians in Britain. London: Hurst & Company, 2004. 158-168. Amos, Valerie and Pratibha Parmar. “Challenging Imperial Feminism”, Feminist Review: Many Voices, One Chant. No. 17. Taylor & Francis, 1984. 3-19. Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities. London: Verson, 1996 (1991). Anthias, Floya & Nimar Yuval Davis. Racialized Boundaries. London: Routledge, 1992. Do not hesitate to use the larger title of “The South Asian Neighbourhood Goes Global: Recurrent Stereotypes in The Kumars at No. 42 and its International Adaptations” if required for the miscellany of sessions at the Conference. 1 Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 1 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es Anzaldúa, Gloria. Borderlands/ La Frontera. The New Mestiza. San Francisco: Spinster/Aunt Lute Book Company, 1987. Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large. New York: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. Ashcroft, Bill & Garreth Griffiths & Helen Tiffin. (eds.) Post Colonial Studies. The Key Concepts. London: Routledge, 2000. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994. ______. “DissemiNation: Time, Narrative, and the Margins of the Modern Nation” in Nation and Narration. New York: Routledge, 1990. 290-297. Biemann, Ursula. “Performing the Border: on Gender, Transnational Bodies, and Technology” in Sadowsky-Smith, Claudia (ed). Globalization on the Line: Gender, Nation, and Capital at U.S. Borders. New York: Palgrave, 2002. 99-121. Brah, Avtar . “The Asian in Britain” in Ali, Nasreen & Virinder S. Kalra & S. Sayyd (ed.). A Postcolonial People. South Asians in Britain. London: Hurst & Company, 2004. 35-62. ______. Cartographies of Diaspora. Contesting Identities. New York & London: Routledge, 1996. Brah, Avtar and R. Minhas “Structural Racism or Cultural Difference: Schooling for Asian Girls” in G. Weiner (ed.) Just a Bunch of Girls. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1985. Brosius, Christiane and Nicolas Yazgi “‘Is There no Place like Home?’: Contesting Cinematographic Constructions of Indian Diasporic Experiences”. Contributions to Indian Sociology 2007; 41. 355-388. Brown, Judith M. Global South Asians. Introducing the Modern Diaspora. London: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Chadha, Gurinder & Susan Koshy. “Turning Colour” in Transition No. 72 (1996), Published by: Indiana University Press on behalf of the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute. 148-161. Chakrabarty, Dipesh “Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for Indian Pasts?” In Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory. A Reader. New York: Arnold editors, 1996. 223-245. Ciecko, Anne. “Representing the Spaces of Diaspora in Contemporary British Films by Women” in Cinema Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Spring, 1999). 67-90. Clifford, James. “Travelling Cultues” in L Grossberg, C. Nelson and P. Treichler (eds.) Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 1992. 68-84. Cohen, Robin. Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: Routledge, 1997. Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 2 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es Deleuze, Gilles. Cinema 2: The Time-Image. Trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Robert Galeta. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 1989. Desai, Jigna. Beyond Bollywood. The Cultural Politics of South Asian Diasporic Film. New York & London: Routledge, 2004. Dyal, Samir. “Diaspora and Double Consciousness”. The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association. Vol. 29, No. 1 (Spring, 1996). 46-62. Eagleton, Terry. “Postcolonialism and ‘Postcolonialism’” in Interventions, vol. I.I. pp. 24-36. Friedman, Susan S. “‘The New Migration’: Clashes, Connections and Diasporic Women’s Writing” in Contemporary Women’s Writing 3: 1, June 2009. doi 10.1093/cww/vpp013. Oxford University Press, 2009. 6-28. ______. Mappings: Feminisms and the Cultural. New York: Princeton University Press, 1998. Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Conciousness. London Verso, 1993. Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Studies: Two Paradigms." in Media, Culture and Society 2, 1980. 57-72. ______. “Cultural Politics and Diaspora” in Hall, Stuart (ed.) Culture, Media, language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992. Hirsch, Marianne. “ Projected Memory” in Cultural Recal (ed. by Bal et. al). Harvard University Press, 1997. 3-23. ______. The Clash of Cultures and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. New York & London: Routledge, 1996. Mahmodd, Iqbal. Strategies of Negation. Postcolonial Themes and Conflicts in the English Language Literature of the East Indian Diaspora. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2006. Mehta, Brinda. “Exilic Dispositions and Double Identity” in Raghuram, Parvati et al. (ed) Tracing an Indian Diaspora. New Delhi: SAGE, 2008. 428-450. Miller, Cintya J. “Immigrants, Images and identity: Visualising Homelands across Borders” in Raghuram, Parvati et al. (ed.) Tracing an Indian Diaspora. New Delhi: SAGE, 2008. 284-299. Min-ha, Trinh. “No Master Territories” In Ashcroft, Bill et al. (ed.) The Postcolonial Studies Reader. London & New York: Routledge, 1999. 215-218. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity. New York: Duke University Press, 2003 Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 3 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es Moorti, Sujata. “Desperately Seeking an Identity. Diasporic Cinema and the Articulation of Transnational Kinship” in International Journal of Cultural Studies. Volume 6 (3), SAGE, 2003. 355-376. Mukherjee, Meenakshi. “Whose Centre, Which Periphery?” in Gosh-Schellhorn, Martina with Vera Alexander (ed.). Peripheral Centres, Central Peripheries. India and its Diaspora. Münster: LIT VERLAG Berlin, 2006. 37-47. Naficy, Hamid. An Accented Cinema. Exilic and Diasporic Film. New York: Princeton University Press, 2001. ____. Home, Exile, Homeland: Film, Media and the Politics of Place. New York: Princeton University Press, 1998. Narayana Singh, Udaya “Another India: Voices from the Periphery” in Gosh-Schellhorn, Martina with Vera Alexander (ed.). Peripheral Centres, Central Peripheries. India and its Diaspora. Münster: LIT VERLAG Berlin, 2006. 251- 263 . Paranjape, Makarand. “Indian Anglophony, Diasporan Polycentris, and Postcolonial Futures” in Gosh-Schellhorn, Martina with Vera Alexander (ed.). Peripheral Centres, Central Peripheries. India and its Diaspora. Münster: LIT VERLAG Berlin, 2006. 101-111. Prakash, Gyan. After Colonialism: Imperial Histories and Postcolonial Displacements. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Prakashan,Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. “Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu?”. New Delhi: Veer Savarkar Prakashan ed., 1972 (1969). Raghuram, Parvati & Nirmal Puwar (eds.). South Asian Women in the Diaspora. New Delhi: Berg Publishers, 2003. Raghuram, Parvati & Ajaya Kumar Sahoo. “Thinking ‘Indian Diaspora’ for Our Times”. in Raghuram, Parvati et al. (ed.) Tracing an Indian Diaspora. New Delhi: SAGE, 2008. 1-20. Rajgopal, Shoba S. “The Politics of Location: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Conflict in the Cinema of the South Asian Diaspora in SAGE Journal of Communication Inquiry 2003; 27. 49-66. Robertson, Ronald. Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture. London & New Delhi: SAGE, 1992. Roy, Srirupa. “Moving Pictures: the Postcolonial State and Visual Representations of India” in Contributions to Indian Sociology 2002; 36. Published by SAGE. 233-278. Shohat, Ella “Notes on the Postcolonial” in Mongia, Padmini (ed.). Contemporary Postcolonial Theory. A Reader. London: Arnold, 1996. 322-335. Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 4 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es Shohat, Ella and Robert Stam. Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media. London: Routledge, 1994. Shuval, J.T. “Diaspora Migration: Definitional Ambiguities and a Theoretical Paradigm”, International Migration, 38 (5): 41-56, 2000. Singh, Arvind-Pal. “Writing Otherwise than Identity: Translation and Cultural Hegemony.” In Singh, Pritam and Shindr Singh Thandi (eds.) Punjabi Identity in a Global Context. New Delhi: OUP, 1999. 111-138. Spivak, Gayatri. “Subaltern Studies: Deconstructing Historiography”. In Donna Landry & Gerald MaCleac ed. The Spivak Reader. London & New York: Routledge, 1996. ______. “Teaching for the Times”. The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 25, No. 1, Oppositional Discourse (Spring, 1992). 3-22. ______. The Post-Colonial Critic. New York: Routledge, 1990. Suleri, Sara “Woman Skin Deep: Feminism and the Postcolonial Condition” in The PostColonial Studies Reader. London & New York: Routledge, 1995. 273-282. Tharu, Susie. “Third World Women’s Cinema: Notes on Narrative, Reflections on Opacity”. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 21, N0. 20 (May 17, 1987). 864-866. Troyna, B. and J Williams. Racism, Education and the State, London: Croom Helm, 1986. Vertoveck, Steven. Transnationalism. London: Routledge, 2009. Vishra, Vijay. The Literature of the Indian Diaspora. Theorizing the Diasporic Imagination. London: Routledge, 2007. Westwood, Sallie. “Gendering Diaspora: Space, Politics, and South Asian Masculinities in Britain”, in van der Veer (ed.). Nation and Migration: The Politics of Space in the South Asian Diaspora. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. 197-221. Wilson, Amrit. Dreams, Questions, Struggles: South Asian Women in Britain. London: Pluto Books, 2006. Young, Robert. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race. London: Routledge, 1995. SHORT BIOGRAPHY Jorge Diego Sánchez is a research fellow at the Department of English Studies at University of Salamanca (Spain). His research activity currently focuses on postcolonial constructions of interculturality and gender concerns in the English speaking Indian Diaspora in UK and the US. Nowadays, he works on the films by Gurinder Chadha and Mira Nair as for his MA thesis and as a part of his PhD thesis on Intercultural Constructions and Gender Concerns in the Cinema and Theatre of the Anglo-Indian Diaspora in UK and the US. He is the convenor of the annual congress El Arte de Hace Teatro (2009, 2010, at University of Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 5 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es Salamanca). He is a member of the research group Artdidaktion at University of Salamanca as well as an affiliate of the Centro de Estudios de la Mujer (CEMUSA, University of Salamanca). Diego Sánchez, Jorge U of Salamanca, Spain 6 jorgediegosanchez@usal.es