Bundling and Unbundling of
Functions
Naomi Radke, seecon international GmbH
Bundling and Unbundling of Functions
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Bundling and Unbundling of Functions
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Contents
1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Function
2.1 Make a Stakeholder Analysis
2.2 Create a Stakeholder Platform
2.3 Identify Actual Functions
2.4 Identify Actors’ Capacities
2.5 Propose Future Functions
2.6 Implementation
3. Applicability
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
5. References
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1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
Bundle and unbundle functions
• Crucial for implementation of SSWM on the local level
• Decreases overlapping of roles and therefore increases project
efficiency
• Conflicts might appear between different stakeholders
Bundling and Unbundling of Functions
Source: http://de.123rf.com/photo_14135218_asian-businessfrau-schriftlich-organigramm-f-r-personalmanagementkonzept.html [Accessed: 11.10.2013]
= A clear definition of roles and responsibilities within
organisations/institutions
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1. Why to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
Who does what?
• Separation between public and private functions
• Relationship between central and local governments
• Allocation of functions among municipalities with different capacities
• Function of civil society and private sector
Too many cooks spoil the
broth, if their functions and
responsibilities are not
clearly defined. Source: WSP (2009)
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
1. Make a stakeholder analysis (1/3)
Identify (key)stakeholders whose:
• Interests are affected by an issue or project
• Activities strongly affect an issue or project
• Power, money, technical expertise or organisational profile gives
control over relevant implementation instruments
• Information, resources, experience or expertise is required for
strategy or policy-making on an issue
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
1. Make a stakeholder analysis (2/3)
Three broad groupings need to be involved in water and sanitation:
1.Main social groups (men, women, poorer, better-off) who have the
right to water and sanitation
2.Main water-user groups (farmers, domestic and industrial users, etc.)
3.Main institutional stakeholders (private sector water and sanitation
providers, local NGO’s/CBO’s, local governments and politicians, legal
representatives and enforcement bodies)
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
1. Make a stakeholder analysis (3/3)
Make a diagram of all stakeholders and connections
Stakeholders and their connections to each other should be identified.
Source: Moriarity et al. (2007)
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
2. Create a stakeholder platform
Invite all relevant stakeholders (representatives of each group) to a
platform to discuss the question of the
Allocation of sanitation and water management functions!
A stakeholder platform.
Source: http://www.limawater.de/en/pp5.html [Accessed
02.10.2013]
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
3. Identify actual functions (1/2)
With a stakeholder platform:
•
Differentiate functions one actually holds and functions one thinks
one holds
•
Note overlaps/lead to confusion or conflict
 use an “actors and task matrix” to fill out actors and their key
roles/tasks and identify overlaps
Overlaps and gaps of tasks need to be
identified for the bundling and unbundling of
sanitation and water management functions.
Source: WSP (2003)
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
3. Identify actual functions (2/2)
Some guiding questions:
• Which tasks/ functions are performed by which actors?
• What activities do the actors carry out in performing these tasks?
How effective are they?
• What gaps are there between tasks?
• What overlaps are there between different actors/ tasks?
• Is there a coordinated effort by actors to integrate their tasks?
• What factors within the system have a positive or negative influence
on task performance?
• What information is held by which stakeholders that helps them to
perform their tasks? Is it shared? If so, how?
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
4. Identify actors’ capacities
Identify:
• Capacities
• Weaknesses
• Resources
Summarise outcomes on flip charts, mind maps or the like.
Identify capacities and weaknesses.
Source: http://coreytowe.wordpress.com/2011/08/10/leadingfrom-your-strengths-part-1/ [Accessed: 02.10.2013]
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
5. Propose future functions (1/2)
Key questions:
• Do the proposed functions fall within the scope of the current
activities of the actors?
• Does a relative consensus exist concerning the need to intervene
and the need to carry out the interventions proposed by the team
and the participating actors?
• Do the relevant key actors see the functions as being in their
interest?
• Whose perceived interests might be negatively affected by the new
allocation of functions?
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
5. Propose future functions (2/2)
Key questions (continued):
• Whose perceived interests might be negatively affected by the new
allocation of functions?
• Which of the key actors share a need for the perceived
interventions? If they work alone, could they make changes?
• Do the relevant key actors have the resources needed to implement
the proposed interventions (financial, human, knowledge base,
leadership, organisational capacities)?
• Which of the key actors has actually expressed willingness to
implement some or all of the proposed interventions?
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2. How to Bundle and Unbundle Functions
6. Implementation
Monitoring the function allocation helps to find out about upcoming
uncertainties early!
Source: Clipart
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3. Applicability
A very wide applicability, ...
... as it is always helpful to avoid overlaps and gaps of functions and
responsibilities!
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4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Clear definition of functions
• A stakeholder platform is
necessary to find out about
optimal function allocation
• Avoiding inefficiency and
conflict
• Heightens transparency
• Better use of expertise
• The discussion of functions and
responsibilities might lead to
conflicts
• Includes capacities of each
stakeholder
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5. References
WSP (Editor) (2009): Too Many Cooks Spoil the Broth. URL:
http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2009%20Calendar [Accessed: 11.01.2010]
MORIARTY, P.; BATCHELOR, C.; ABD-ALHADI, F.; LABAN, P.; FAHMY, H.; INWRDAM (Editor) (2007): The
EMPOWERS Approach to Water Governance: Guidelines, Methods and Tools. pdf presentation.
Amman, Jordan: Inter-Islamic Network on Water Resources Development and Management
(INWRDAM). URL: http://www.project.empowers.info/page/2850 [Accessed: 02.10.2013]
WSP (Editor) (2003): Gap of Responsibilities. URL:
http://www.wsp.org/about/Cartoon%20Calendars/2003%20Calendar [Accessed: 02.10.2013]
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