How Adults Learn
Dorothee Spuhler (seecon international gmbh), Tuseko Sindano (Water
and Sanitation Association of Zambia)
How Adults Learn
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How Adults Learn
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Contents
1. Introduction to Learning
2. Learning Concepts and Styles
3. Practical Toolkit
How Adults Learn
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1. Introduction to Learning
What are the Differences in How Children and How Adults Learn?
Brainstorming
• 5 min discussion with your neigbour
• Share with the whole group
Source: http://-photos-images/1436R-361268 and www.superstock.com/stock
[Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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1. Introduction to Learning
Definition of Learning
1. Knowledge acquired by systematic study in any field of scholarly
application.
2. The act or process of acquiring knowledge or skill.
3. The modification of behaviour through practice, training, or
experience.
Source: www.dictionary.com [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
How Do We Learn?
Brainstorming
People learn by...
• ?
• ?
• ?
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
How Do We Learn?
How Adults Learn
Brainstorming
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Methods of Learning
People learn by...
• Attending lectures
• Reading/ Researching
• Hearing
• Seeing
• Feeling
• Doing/ Actively participating
• Teaching
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
How Do We Best Retain, What We Have Learnt?
Brainstorming
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
How Do We Best Retain, What We Have Learnt?
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Average Student Retention Rates
Source: http://stephenslighthouse.com/2010/02/26/the-learning-pyramid/ [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
According to Research on Learning, Students...
1. ...Build on prior knowledge
– e.g. learning needs
assessment
2. ...Need effective structure
– e.g. define objectives,
learning targets, key learnings
etc.
3. ...Have to actively participate
4. ...Should practise often/ Get constructive feedback
– e.g. different
teaching methods
5. ...Require multiple representations (e.g. Graphs, tables)
6. ...Need to understand the way they learn
– e.g. ToTs,
different types of
“learners”
Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
3. Students Have to actively participate
Inquiry based learning:
Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html [Accessed: 16.01.2013]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
4. Students Should Practise Often and Get Constructive Feedback
Basic Information-Processing Model of Human Cognition of Atkinson
and Shiffrin (1968)
Source: http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/careerprep/teaching/learning.html#schemes [Accessed: 16.01.2013]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
6. Students Need to Understand the Way they Learn
One classification of learning styles:
-->
Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Adventurous Learner
 ‘Do it my own way’
• Ability to translate ideas into reality
• Independent, impulsive & innovative
• Thrive on challenge & change
• Strong-willed and avoid conforming
• Ambitious visions
• Leaders, not followers
Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Social Learner
 Enjoys sharing the journey with others
• Intuitive of people's feelings and well being
• Spontaneous random approach to things
• Skilled communicators
• Strong values and morals
• Seek personal meaning for their lives
• Guided by their heart rather than their head
Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Practical Learner
 Down to earth with a 'hands-on' approach
• Focus on things they can see, hear, touch etc
• Like to get the job done right and on time
• Like stability, structure and order
• Pursue perfection
• Predictable, dependable and reliable
• Interested in how things work
Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Conceptual Learner
 Intense thinkers seeking deep understanding
• Thinking is not limited by reality
• Systematic, logical and rational
• Seeks deep understanding
• Take time to research and reflect on things
• Very thorough
• Enjoys independent research
Source: http://linkup.tafesa.edu.au/learning_styles_evaluation.html [Accessed: 20.06.2012]
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
What Type of Learner Are You?
Energiser
Time: 5 minutes
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
A Different Classification of Learning Styles
3 General Learning Styles:
Visual (see)
“Show me”
Auditory (hear)
“Tell me”
Kinethetic (feel)
“Let me do it”
How Adults Learn
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2. Learning Concepts and Styles
Share Your Learning Experience: What Makes a Good Teacher?
Brainstorming
• Who was your best teacher?
• Why were they your best teacher, use key
words to describe them?
• 5 min discussion with your neigbour
• Share with the whole group
How Adults Learn
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3. Practical Toolkit
Do’s and Don’ts
• Smile
• Keep eye contact
• Establish norms
• Dress smart & comfortable
• Tap wealth of wisdom
• Be enthusiastic
• Observe content, layout, presentation
• Use your body (arms, step forth and
back) to bring a “melody” in what you
are saying
How Adults Learn
• Turn your back to audience
• Speak in low tone
• Discourage
• Do all the talking
• Disrespect others opinions
• Be disorganised
• Speak fast
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3. Practical Toolkit
Reminder to Help you Designing Your Training
The 4 A’s:
Activity
Structured learning exercise or activity that is used to introduce a
topic. Should be brief, related to the topic, and enable the
participants to participate in the learning process.
Analysis or reflective feedback
Builds on the previous activity. Questions are asked on what the
participants gained or learned from the activity.
Abstraction or integration
Builds on analysis. Explanation of technical content related to the
topic.
Application or practical synthesis
Builds on abstraction. Introduction to how the concepts can be applied
in real life situations.
How Adults Learn
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3. Practical Toolkit
"Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself."
- Chinese Proverb
How Adults Learn
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“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation,
Water Management & Agriculture”
SSWM is an
initiative
supported by:
Created
by:
How Adults Learn
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