Chapter 4
US history
U.S. History Ch. 4
European Empires in the Americas
1500-1700
Hernan Cortes & the Aztec
 Spanish Governor asked ___________ to create a post on mainland North
America.
 March ________, Cortes landed on the ____________ Peninsula
 Met _____________ who spoke both ___________ (Aztec language) and
Mayan. She became Cortes’ interpreter.
 April, 1519, Cortes began marching inland toward _____________.
 Founded colony on the coast and named it ________________, claiming
Mexico for Spain and the Roman Catholic Church.
 ____________ his ships before leaving, to prevent his men from retreating
to Cuba.
 ____________________ tried to stop Cortes by sending him bags of gold,
but this just made him want more
Cortes in Tenochtitlan
 Arrived at _______________ on November 8, _____________.
 Montezuma invited him and his men into the city, gave them quarters,
food, and riches.
 He captured ________________ and held him hostage.
 Cortes and his men took all the gold in the city
 ______________ was killed by a _______________ throw from an Aztec
during a revolt.
 The _____________ united and drove Cortes and the ___________ out of
Tenochtitlan.
 When the Spanish left, the Aztec were faced with a “_______
_______________” that spread across the people (probably smallpox).
 Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan ____ months later and captured the city.
 Aug. 13, 1521 the _______ surrendered to the Spanish. They had fallen in
two years.
 Cortes ordered a new city be built on the site of Tenochtitlan. It would be
the new Spanish capital, renamed __________ ______________.
Pizarro and the Inca
 __________ _____________ searched for riches along the South
American coast.
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Chapter 4
US history
 In ________ he spotted an Incan trading boat loaded with silver and gold.
Pizarro had his men take the ship and the men. He trained them to be
_____________.
 In ________ Pizarro led an expedition along the west coast of ________
___________.
 Pizarro captured the Incan ruler _______________ and killed thousands of
Inca
 Pizarro promised to free _____________ when the Incan collected enough
gold and silver to fill the room that the emperor was kept in. The ransom
was paid (totaling $_____ million today) but Pizarro killed Atahualpa.
 Pizarro captured the capital of _____________.
 By 1535 the Incan empire fell. Pizarro set up his capital in
_____________, Peru.
 From Lima, Pizarro conquered the rest of South America outside of the
____________ realm (Brazil).
Spain’s American Empire
 _________ divided the New World in half
 ________ – was the southern part, made of claims in South America
 _________ ____________ – land north of South America, including the
Caribbean islands, Central America, Mexico
 _________________ – were the lands along the northern edges of
Spanish territory
 _________________ - governing official in control of empire. One in Peru
and one in New Spain.
Settlements and Social Structure
 Spanish law set up three types of settlements
 __________ – towns, places for trade
 ___________ – religious communities that usually included a small town
 ____________ – fort built near a mission to protect it from invaders.
 Social Classes in New Spain
 ____________ – those born in Spain. Held the highest positions, most
power and wealth
 ___________ – Born from Spanish parents in the New World. Below the
Peninsulares. Held important positions, but could not go as high as
Peninsulares.
 ___________ – Mixture of Spanish and Native American. Most worked
on farms
 __________ ____________ – bottom of the social ladder. Made up most
of the population. Most worked in some form of slavery. Treated poorly
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Chapter 4
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Spanish Borderlands
 1513, ________ Ponce ___ __________ visited Florida searching for riches
 1565 Spanish established ___. ________________ to stop a French attempt
to colonize Florida. It is the oldest city in the U.S. started by Europeans.
 In ___________ Francisco Vasquez de ______________ went searching
for 7 cities called ______________ in Southwest of U.S. (rumored to be full
of gold & riches). Never found the cities, but did claim all lands north of
Mexico for Spain.
 In 1539 Hernando De ___________ went searching for the 7 cities.
 He explored Florida, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and
Tennessee
 Traveled down the _______ River and was buried there after he died.
 He claimed these lands for Spain.
Borderland Missions
 _______________ were established throughout the borderlands to attract
settlers.
 Hundreds of missions were created throughout New Mexico, _________,
Texas, California, __________, and Georgia.
 Many missions met the basic needs of the _________ ____________ and
they in turn had to practice and accept the Catholic religion.
 Many Native Americans enjoyed them, but others didn’t like the _______
and _____________ and revolted. Some attacked them, killing missionaries
and tearing down the missions.
 Upper ____________ wasn’t settled by the Spanish until the 1760’s
 Spanish became alarmed b/c of traders from ___________ held Alaska.
 In ___________ a chain of missions were established in California.
 They began a settlement known as _____ __________. 21 missions
stretched from here to San Francisco
French in the New World
 ___________ didn’t get involved in the New World, b/c they were busy
fighting wars in Europe. Wars ended in 1589
 Establishing New France
 Samuel de ____________ led expedition to North America in 1603.
Landed on the eastern coast of present day ______ __________, New
Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. French named it ___________.
 1608 Champlain established __________, the first permanent French
settlement.
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Chapter 4
US history
French Fur Trade & Native Americans
 French accepted Native American ___________ and had a peaceful
existence with them.
 ________________ explored Lake Ontario & Huron, and explored northern
New York.
 This land became known as New __________ and ________________ was
considered the father of New ___________.
 The Fur Trade fueled the economy of New France. _______, __________,
and _____ skins were traded and sent back to France.
Exploring the MS and Expanding New France
 Native Americans kept telling them of a great _________ further south of
where they were.
 _________ & ___________ explored the route in 1673 thinking it may be
the ___________ _______________.
 Robert de _______ ___________ traveled the length of the river in
________.
 He claimed the ______________ River ____________ for France. He
named it _______________ in honor of King Louis XIV.
 The French Empire was _________. It contained Acadia, Canada, &
Louisiana.
Attracting French Settlers
 French had a _________ time convincing people to leave the comfort of
France to settle in the New World.
 People heard stories of _________ weather and ____________ attacks.
 King ________ ________ gave land grants to nobles if they brought settlers
in to work the land.
 Population _________ grew.
 Created forts stretching from Canada down to New Orleans along the MS
River for defense.
Dutch and Swedish
 1609 a __________ sailor named Henry ______________ sailed his ship,
the Half Moon, across the Atlantic and landed in North America.
 ___________ became interested in the fur trade and created a colony named
New __________________. Included New York, New Jersey, Connecticut,
and Delaware.
 In the late 1630’s, Sweden settled south of New Netherland along the
Delaware. Called the area New _______________.
Conflicts quickly arose between the two.
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