S2 Bell Work
Term 4 2015-2016
S2BW#1 12/2/2016 Copy and underline
cognates and words that you know.
• Pero cuando una larga Sucesión de Abusos y
Usurpaciones, todos ellos encaminados de
manera invariable hacia el mismo Objetivo,
revelan la Intención de someter a dicho
Pueblo al absoluto Despotismo, es su
Derecho, es su Deber, derrocar a tal Gobierno
y nombrar nuevos Guardianes de su futura
Seguridad.
Copy in English.
• But when a long Train of Abuses and
Usurpations, pursuing invariably the same
Object, evinces a Design to reduce them
under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it
is their Duty, to throw off such Government,
and to provide new Guards for their future
Security.
S2BW#1 9/3/2016 Copy, write the part of speech, and
translate into English.
•
•
•
•
Despotismo
Noun (m)
Despotism
The exercise of absolute power, especially
in a cruel and oppressive way.
• from Medieval Latin despota, "master of a
household, lord, absolute ruler," from
Latin potentem "powerful," present
participle of potere "be powerful,"
from potis "powerful, able, capable;
possible;" of persons, "better, preferable;
chief, principal; strongest, foremost," from
poti- "powerful, lord"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
El déspota
(nm) Despot
Despótico(a)
(aj) Despotic
S2BW#2 10/3/2016 Copy, write the part of speech, and
translate into English.
•
•
•
•
Deber
Noun (m)
Duty
Something that you must
do because it is morally
right or because the law
requires it.
• From Vulgar Latin debutus,
from Latin debitus, past
participle of debere "to
owe" from de- "away"
+ habere "to have"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Deber
(v) To owe; to must
Haber
(v) To have
S2BW#3 11/3/2016 Copy, write the part of speech, and
translate into English.
•
•
•
•
Seguridad
Noun (f)
Security
The state of being
protected or safe from
harm.
• From Latin securitas,
from securus "free from
care“ from se "free
from" + cura "care"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Seguro(a)
(aj) Safe, secure; sure
Seguramente
(av) Surely
Inseguro(a)
(aj) Insecure
S2BW#4 14/3/2016: Copy, translate, give the part of
speech and define
•
•
•
•
Derecho
Noun
Right
That which is due to anyone
by just claim, legal
guarantees, moral
principles, etc.
• From Latin directus
"straight," past participle of
dirigere "set straight," from
dis- "apart" + regere "to
direct, to guide, keep
straight"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Enderezar
(v) To straighten up
El (La) derechista
(nmf) Political rightist; right
winger
• Also . . .
What is a derecho?
• Definition of a derecho
A derecho is a widespread, long-lived wind storm. Derechos are
associated with bands of rapidly moving showers or thunderstorms
variously known as bow echoes, squall lines, or quasi-linear
convective systems.
• Although a derecho can produce destruction similar to that of a
tornado, the damage typically occurs in one direction along a
relatively straight path. As a result, the term "straight-line wind
damage" sometimes is used to describe derecho damage. By
definition, if the swath of wind damage extends for more than 240
miles (about 400 kilometers), includes wind gusts of at least 58 mph
(93 km/h) along most of its length, and several, well-separated 75
mph (121 km/h) or greater gusts, then the event may be classified
as a derecho.
• Origin of the term "derecho"
The word "derecho" was coined by Dr. Gustavus Hinrichs, a physics
professor at the University of Iowa, in a paper published in
the American Meteorological Journal in 1888. Hinrichs used the
word "derecho" to distinguish thunderstorm-induced straight-line
winds from the damaging rotary winds produced by tornadoes.
While the term was adopted to a limited extent by the
meteorological community during the late nineteenth century,
"derecho" disappeared from use for nearly a century until being
resurrected by severe weather meteorologists in the mid-1980s.
• "Derecho" is a Spanish word meaning "direct" or "straight ahead."
In contrast, the word "tornado" is thought by some, including
Hinrichs, to have been derived from the Spanish word "tornar,"
which means "to turn." Because "derecho" is of Spanish origin, the
plural form is spelled "derechos;" i.e., the letter "e" is not added
after the letter "o."
S2BW#5 15/3/2016: Copy, translate, give the part of
speech and define
•
•
•
•
•
Derrocar
Verb
To throw off
Overthrow; depose
From Latin de- "down,
down from, from, off“ +
ponere (past participle
positus) "to put, place"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
El derribo
(nm) Demolition
Poner
(v) To put, place
S2BW#6 16/3/2016: Copy, translate, give the part of
speech and define
•
•
•
•
Gobierno
Noun (m)
Government
The body that conducts
the policy, actions, and
affairs of a state,
organization, or people.
• From Latin gubernare "to
direct, rule, guide,
govern" originally "to
steer, to pilot,"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
El (La) gobernador(a)
(nmf) Governor
Desgobernar
(v) To misgovern
Gubernamental
(aj) Governmental
S2BW#7 17/3/2016: Copy, translate, give the part of
speech and define
•
•
•
•
Guardianes
Noun (m)
Guards
A person who keeps
watch, especially a soldier
or other person formally
assigned to protect a
person or to control
access to a place.
• From ProtoGermanic wardon "to
guard"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Guardar
(v) To keep; to save
Los guardacostas
(nm) Coastguard
El guardaropa
(nm) Cloakroom
S2 BW#8 23/3/2016 Copy and underline
cognates and words that you know.
• Tal ha sido el paciente Sufrimiento de estas
Colonias; y tal es hoy la Necesidad que las
obliga a modificar sus anteriores Sistemas de
Gobierno. La Crónica del actual Rey de Gran
Bretaña es una Crónica de repetidas Injurias y
Usurpaciones, todas ellas dirigidas al
Establecimiento de una Tiranía absoluta sobre
estos Estados. Para probar esto, expongamos
los Hechos a un Mundo sincero.
Copy.
• Such has been the patient Sufferance of these
Colonies; and such is now the Necessity which
constrains them to alter their former Systems
of Government. The History of the present
King of Great-Britain is a History of repeated
Injuries and Usurpations, all having in direct
Object the Establishment of an absolute
Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let
Facts be submitted to a candid World.
S2BW#9 24/3/2016 Copy, write the
part of speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Paciente
Adjective
Patient
Bearing pains or trials calmly or
without complaint.
• Latin patientem "bearing,
supporting, suffering, enduring,
permitting," present participle
of pati "to suffer, endure."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La paz
(n) Peace
Impaciente
(aj) Impatient
S2BW#10 4/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Sufrimiento
Noun (m)
Sufferance
Patient endurance
From Late
Latin sufferentia,
from sufferens, present
participle of sufferre "to
bear, undergo, endure”
from sub "up, under"
+ ferre "to carry"
• Related:
• Sufrido(a)
• (aj) Enduring, longsuffering
• El (La) sufridor(a)
• (nmf) Sufferer
S2BW#11 5/4/2016 Copy, write the
part of speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Colonias
Noun (f)
Colonies
An area that is controlled by
or belongs to a country and
is usually far away from it.
• From Latin colonia "settled
land, farm, landed estate,"
from colonus "husbandman,
tenant farmer, settler in
new land," from colere "to
inhabit, cultivate, frequent,
practice, tend, guard,
respect."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Colonizar
(v) Colonize
El (La) colonizador(a)
(nmf) Colonizer, colonist
S2BW#12 6/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hoy
Adverb
Today
Now
At the present time
From Latin hodie “on
this day.”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
De hoy a mañana
(av) Any time now
De hoy en adelante
(av) From now on
Hoy día
(av) Nowadays
S2BW#13 7/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Necesidad
Noun (f)
Necessity
Something that you must
have or do.
• Latin necessitatem
"compulsion, need for
attention, unavoidableness,
destiny," from necesse
"unavoidable,
indispensable," originally
"no backing away," from ne"not" + cedere "to
withdraw, go away, yield"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Necesitar
(v) To need
Necesario(a)
(aj) Necessary
El neceser
(nm) Toiletry case or case of
necessary items
S2BW#14 8/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Obliga
Verb
Constrains
Obliges
To force or require someone or
something to do something
because of a law or rule or because
it is necessary.
• From Latin obligare "to bind, bind
up, bandage," figuratively "put
under obligation," from ob "to"
+ ligare "to bind,"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La obligación
(nf) Obligation
Obligatorio(a)
(aj) Obligatory
S2BW#15 11/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Modificar
Verb
Alter
Modify
To change some parts of
something while not
changing other parts.
• From Latin modificare "to
limit, measure off, restrain,"
from modus "measure,
manner" + root
of facere "to make"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La modificación
(nf) Modification
Modificable
(aj) Modifiable
S2BW#1 13/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Sistemas
Noun (f)
Systems
A group of related parts
that move or work
together.
• From Late
Latin systema "an
arrangement, system."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
El ecosistema
(nm) Ecosystem
Sistemático(a)
(aj) Systematic
S2BW#2 14/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Crónica
Noun (f)
History
Chronicle
A description of events in the
order that they happened
• From Latin historia "narrative
of past events, account, tale,
story.“
• From Latin from
Latin chronica “chronicle.”
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La cronología
(nf) Chronology
A chronology is a factual list
sorted into chronological
order possibly without
commentary.
A chronicle is a story that may
have narrative, dialogue,
opinions, and more.
Cronológico(a)
(aj) Chronological
**Make-up testing is
tomorrow.
S2BW#3 15/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Rey
Noun (m)
King
A male ruler of a country
who usually inherits his
position and rules for life.
• From Latin rex "a king,"
related to regere "to keep
straight, guide, lead,
rule."
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La reina
(nf) Queen
Reinar
(v) To reign
El reino
(nm) Kingdom
S2BW#4 18/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Actual
Adjective
Present; current
Not past or future : existing or
happening now
• Latin praesentem "present, at
hand, in sight; immediate;
prompt, instant;
contemporary," from present
participle of præesse "be
before, be at hand," from prae"before" + esse "to be"
• Related:
• Actualizar
• (v) To make current; to bring
up-to-date
• Actualmente
• (av) Currently; nowadays
S2BW#5 20/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Gran
Adjective
Great
Large in size;
predominant.
• From Latin grandis "big,
great; full, abundant,"
also "full-grown;"
figuratively "strong,
powerful, weighty,
severe."
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Grande
(aj) Big
El (La) grande
(nmf) Adult
La grandeza
(nf) Greatness
S2BW#6 21/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
• The term Britain is widely used as a
Bretaña
common name for the sovereign
Noun (f)
state of the United Kingdom, or UK for
Britain
short. The United Kingdom includes
three countries on the largest island,
Island of W Europe
which can be called the island of
comprising England,
Britain or Great Britain: these are
Scotland, & Wales.
England, Scotland and Wales. However
• From Latin Britannia,
the United Kingdom also includes
from Brittani "the
Northern Ireland on the neighboring
Britons“ from
island of Ireland, the remainder of
Latin Brittonem "a
which is not part of the United
member of the tribe of
Kingdom. England is not synonymous
the Britons."
with Britain, Great Britain, or United
Kingdom.
•
•
•
•
United Kingdom
S2BW#7 22/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Repetidas
Adjective
Repeated
Recurring again and
again.
• From Latin repetere "do
or say again; attack
again," from re- "again"
+ petere "to go to; attack;
strive after; ask for,
beseech"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Repetir
(v) To repeat
La repetición
(nf) Repetition
S2BW#8 22/4/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Injurias
Noun (f)
Injuries
Insult, offense
Hurt, damage, or loss
sustained.
• From Latin injuria "wrong,
hurt, injustice, insult," noun
use of injurius "wrongful,
unjust," from in- "not,
opposite of" + ius "right,
law."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Injuriar
(v) To insult
Justo(a)
(aj) Right, just
S2BW#9 23/4/2016 Copy, write the part of speech, and
translate into English.
•
•
•
•
Usurpaciones
Noun (f)
Usurpations
Taking one’s power or property by
force.
• From Latin usurpationem "a taking
into use," noun of action from
past participle stem
of usurpare "make use of, seize for
use," in later Latin "to assume
unlawfully, trespass on,"
from usus "a use" + rapere "to
seize"
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Usar
(v) To use
Rapiñar
(v) To steal, plunder
S2BW#10 11/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Todos
Adjective
All
The whole, entire, total
amount, quantity, or
extent of.
• From Medieval
Latin totalis "entire, total"
from Latin totus "all, all at
once, the whole, entire,
altogether."
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Todavía
(av) Still, yet
Todopoderoso(a)
(aj) All-powerful
Todo el mundo
(nm) Everyone
S2BW#11 12/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Dirigidas
Adjective
Direct
To cause to turn, move, or
point undeviatingly or to
follow a straight course.
• From
Latin directus "straight,"
past participle
of dirigere "set straight,"
from dis- "apart"
+ regere "to guide"
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Dirigir
(v) To direct
Dirigirse
(v) To direct oneself
La dirección
(nf) Direction
S2BW#12 13/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Establecimiento
Noun (m)
Establishment
A settled arrangement.
From Latin stabilire "make
stable,"
from stabilis "stable" +
Latin -mentum, which was
added to verb stems
sometimes to represent
the result or product of
the action.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Establecer
(v) To establish
Establecerse
(v) To establish oneself
Estable
(aj) Stable
S2BW#13 16/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Tiranía
Noun (f)
Tyranny
Oppressive
power, especially oppressive
power exerted by government.
• From Latin tyrannus "lord,
master, monarch, despot,"
especially "arbitrary ruler,
cruel governor, autocrat."
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Tiránico(a)
(aj) Tyrannical
El (La) tirano(a)
(nmf) Tyrant
Tiranizar
(v) Tyrannize
S2BW#14 17/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Absoluta
Adjective
Absolute
Complete and total.
From Latin absolutus, past
participle of absolvere "to
set free, make
separate" from ab"from"+ solvere "loosen."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Absolutamente
(av) Absolutely
Soltar
(v) To loosen
S2BW#15 18/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
Sobre
Preposition
Over
So as to cover
something.
• From
Latin super "above,
over, on the top (of),
beyond, besides, in
addition to."
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
Superior
(aj) Superior
Superar
(v) To overcome; to
surpass
• La superioridad
• (nf) Superiority
S2BW#16 19/5/2015 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
Probar
Verb
To prove
To test
To show the existence, truth, or
correctness of something by using
evidence, logic, etc.
• From Latin probare "to make good;
esteem, represent as good; make
credible, show, demonstrate; test,
inspect; judge by trial,”
from probus "worthy, good, upright,
virtuous."
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Related:
La prueba
(nf) Test
Probado(a)
(aj) Proven
El probador
(nm) Dressing
room for trying on
clothes
S2BW#17 20/5/2016 Copy, write the part of
speech, translate, and define:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Expongamos
Verb
Be submittted
Expose
To make known
From Latin exponere "set forth,
lay open, exhibit, reveal,
publish" altered by confusion
with poser "to place, lay
down" from Late Latin
pausare "to halt, rest, cease,
pause“ from pausa "a halt,
stop, cessation."
• Related:
• El (La) expositor(a)
• (nmf) Person who explains
something
• Expuesto(a)
• (aj) Exposed
• Parar(se)
• (v) To stop (oneself)
• La parada
• (nf) Stop