13 - Personality
What type of personality do you have?
Were you born with it? Based on experiences?
How ethical are you?
A.
B.
C.
D.
above average.
average.
just a bit below average.
far below average.
Compared to others,
how hard do you work?
A. above average.
B. average.
C. just a bit below average.
D. far below average.
Have you ever done something you knew was wrong, but
decided it is OK in this situation because…….
• A. Yes
• B. No
Class presentation video:
Personality
What topics do you need help with?
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Freud’s Id, Ego, Superego
• B. Concept of the unconscious
• C. Defense mechanisms
– E.g. repression, rationalization, projection, etc.
• D. Thematic Apperception Test
• E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
•
A. MMPI test
B. Rorschach test
C. Bandura’s reciprocal determinism
D. Internal and external locus of control
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
•
•
•
•
A. Learned helplessness
B. Self-serving bias
C. Maslow’s concept of self actualization
D. Humanistic perspective of Carl Rogers
– Client centered therapy
• E. I understand
El Salvadorans have a saying: “The
thief thinks everyone else is a thief.”
This most clearly relates to the defense
mechanism of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
displacement.
rationalization.
projection.
regression.
El Salvadorans have a saying: “The
thief thinks everyone else is a thief.”
This most clearly relates to the defense
mechanism of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
displacement.
rationalization.
projection.
regression.
A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is
"for the child's own good," though it is really because the
parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would
be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense
mechanism called
1. Sublimation.
2. Denial.
3. Rationalization.
4. Repression.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
A parent says that his abusive punishment of his child is
"for the child's own good," though it is really because the
parent cannot control his aggressive impulses. Freud would
be most likely to say that this illustrates the defense
mechanism called:
1. Sublimation.
2. Denial.
3. Rationalization.
4. Repression.
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
15
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The division of the mind that is very similar to short term
memory in that it contains all the information a person is
currently using and aware of is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Conscious
Preconscious
Unconscious
Conscience
Subconscious
16
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward
their children for good behavior and punish them for bad
behavior help their children to develop the
1. Defense mechanisms
2. Id
3. Superego
4. Ego
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
LO 13.2
Based on Freud's view of personality, parents who reward
their children for good behavior and punish them for bad
behavior help their children to develop the
1. Defense mechanisms
2. Id
3. Superego
4. Ego.
18
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
LO 13.9
The personality test that is most concerned with assessing
abnormalities in personality is called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Keirsey Temperament Sorter
Myers-Briggs Inventory
MMPI
Big Five Personality Inventory
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
20
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident
that few people realize he is actually riddled
with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt.
Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense
mechanism known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
reaction formation.
projection.
displacement.
rationalization.
Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident
that few people realize he is actually riddled
with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt.
Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense
mechanism known as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
reaction formation.
projection.
displacement.
rationalization.
Children who have witnessed a
parent’s murder and report memories
of the event most clearly challenge
Sigmund Freud’s concept of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
rationalization.
the Oedipus complex.
displacement.
repression.
Children who have witnessed a
parent’s murder and report memories
of the event most clearly challenge
Sigmund Freud’s concept of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
rationalization.
the Oedipus complex.
displacement.
repression.
Humanistic psychology has been
most closely associated with an
emphasis on the importance of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
free association.
empirically derived tests.
reciprocal determinism.
a positive self-concept.
Humanistic psychology has been
most closely associated with an
emphasis on the importance of:
A.
B.
C.
D.
free association.
empirically derived tests.
reciprocal determinism.
a positive self-concept.
After experiencing prolonged and seemingly
inescapable physical abuse from her husband,
Kayla became increasingly depressed and
hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction
best illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
a reaction formation.
an Electra complex.
learned helplessness.
an inferiority complex.
After experiencing prolonged and seemingly
inescapable physical abuse from her husband,
Kayla became increasingly depressed and
hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction
best illustrates:
A.
B.
C.
D.
a reaction formation.
an Electra complex.
learned helplessness.
an inferiority complex.
Researchers have found that when asked to
rate themselves on socially desirable
dimensions such as how ethical they are or
how hard they work, most people rate
themselves as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
average.
far below average.
just a bit below average.
above average.
Researchers have found that when asked to
rate themselves on socially desirable
dimensions such as how ethical they are or
how hard they work, most people rate
themselves as:
A.
B.
C.
D.
average.
far below average.
just a bit below average.
above average.
In a job interview for a position as an
elementary school teacher, you are asked to
take a Rorschach test. How would you respond
to this request?
A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological
tool.
B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to
predict emotional disorders.
C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer
in this situation.
D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable
reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate
evaluation.
In a job interview for a position as an
elementary school teacher, you are asked to
take a Rorschach test. How would you respond
to this request?
A. Take the test; after all, it is a well-known psychological
tool.
B. Take the test, because it has been successfully used to
predict emotional disorders.
C. Decline to take the test, because it is illegal to administer
in this situation.
D. Decline to take the test, because it has questionable
reliability and validity and can lead to inaccurate
evaluation.
What is your opinion?
Personality is largely determined by
A) experiences you have before you are 5 years old.
B) genetic influences.
C) experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what
behaviors you copy from others.
D) our interpretations of things that happen to us.
E) a combination of B, C, and D.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
What is your opinion?
Personality is largely determined by
A) experiences you have before you are 5 years old.
(Freud)
B) genetic influences. (Trait model (somewhat))
C) experiences like what you get rewarded for, and what
behaviors you copy from others. (Behaviorism)
D) our interpretations of things that happen to us.
(Cognitive)
E) a combination of B, C, and D. (Reciprocal
Determinism)
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon, 2009
Discussion Question
• Describe the four major theories of
personality (psychodynamic, trait model,
humanistic, and social-cognitive) and identify
advantages and disadvantages of each theory.
Psychodynamic theory
•
•
•
•
•
Based on Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory
Past is important
Id, ego, superego
Ego defense mechanisms
Part of personality is outside of awareness
(unconscious)
Psychodynamic theory
• Advantages
– Recognized importance of childhood
– Theory has been around a long time
• Disadvantages
– Too focused on sex & the past
– Difficult to access unconscious aspects of
personality
Humanistic theory
• Based on Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
• Focus is on experience, consciousness, and
self-concept
• Focused on the whole person and a positive
life
Humanistic theory
• Advantages
– Attention on positive aspects of personality
– Focus on growth
• Disadvantages
– Too optimistic
– Too simplistic
– Excessive self-love
Trait perspective
• Personality consists of broad enduring traits that
can be assessed
– E.g. Shy, sociable, competitive
• Advantages
– Can identify and assess personality traits
– Can use questionnaires as a more reliable method of
assessing personality
• Disadvantages
– Focus on broad dimensions instead of individual
uniqueness
– Tendency for biased self-reporting
Social Cognitive theory
• Bandura’s theory
• Behavior, environment, and cognitive factors
influence personality
• Self-efficacy is important
• The situation can alter a person’s personality
Social Cognitive theory
• Advantages
– Focus on cognitive process and self control
• Disadvantages
– Does not account for individual differences
– Does not account for biological factors