Contraception
Facts:


80% of American women have a child by
age 45
64% of women 15-44 are on
contraceptives
Outercourse




Oral sex
Anal intercourse
It can be a viable form of birth control
It is not “safe sex” you can still get STD.s
Who is likely to use
contraception ineffectively?

People who feel guilty about sex
Oral contraceptives

Advantages
Very effective (99%+)
 Increase spontaneity and enjoyment
 Risks are much lower than pregnancy


Disadvantages
Decrease sexual motivation
 Water weight gain
 Problems with blood clots (in some users)

Types of pills

Constant dose combination pill


Multiphasic pill


Most common
Both types prevent conception by inhibiting
ovulation
Mini pill

Progestin only
Danger signs for pill users =
ACHES


Abdominal pain
Chest Pain



Headaches
Eye problems




Heart attack
Blurred vision
Light flashes
Blindness
Severe leg pain

Blood clot in leg
The patch




Estrogen and progestin
1 patch a week for 3
weeks on & 1 week off
99% effective (similar to
pill)
Prevent ovulation
Increase cervical mucus
Intrauterine Device - IUD

Danger signs = PAINS
Period late or no period
 Abdominal pain
 Increased temperature, fever, chills
 Nasty discharge



Foul smelling
Spotting, bleeding, heavy periods, clots
IUD effectiveness due to:



Copper
Progesterone
Irritation in uterus

Makes implantation
unlikely
IUD in uterus
Male Condoms



With Nonoxynol-9
Additional protection
against STD’s
How to use
Female condoms
Diaphragm

One of the least effective birth control
methods
Cervical cap
Spermicide
Depo-Provera


Progestin only
Injection

Once every 12 weeks (3months)
Emergency contraception

High dose of estrogens or progestins
Contraceptive patch for
women

http://www.orthoevra.com/about_ortho_evr
a/about_ortho_evra.html
Norplant Implants



Progestin only
Best for a woman who smokes cigarettes,
has high blood pressure, is forgetful, and
likes spontaneous sex
Legal problems (several law suits filed
against this product)
Basal Body Temp.
(Rhythm Method)
What is the leading method of
birth control in the United
States?

Sterilization
Male sterilization
(Vasectomy)
Vasectomy reversal

http://www.vasectomy.com/general/index.a
sp
Female sterilization
Female Sterilization (Cont.)
Seasonale




4 periods a year
Low-dose estrogen
and progestin
12 weeks of active
pills + 1 week of
dummy pills
Twice the risk of
“breakthrough”
bleeding
Seasonale (Cont.)

Pill - similar to other pills with hormones

84 pink hormone pills and 7 white inactive
pills
Withdrawal bleeding should occur during the 7
days following discontinuation of pink active
tablets.

One period every three month.

NuvaRing





Estrogen hormone ring
Insert in vagina
Worn 3 out of 4 weeks
Position not critical
Low dose hormone = low
side effects