1. Most biological macromolecules (“biomolecules”) are made of:
a. ions grouped together in blobs
b. carbons bonded in rings
c. simple units linked together in chains
d. carbon and nitrogen bonded together
e. big rectangular molecules nested together
2. The function of complex carbohydrates in the cell is energy storage and:
a. structural support
b. hormones
c. enzymes
d. insulation
e. hereditary information storage
3. Fats are examples of:
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. nucleic acids
d. proteins
e. ions
4. Proteins are made of long chains of:
a. nucleotides
b. simple sugars
c. fats
d. hormones
e. amino acids
5. Phospholipids are used in cells to:
a. form membrane barriers
b. catalyze reactions
c. send chemical messages
d. cause the cell to move
e. support the cell and make it rigid
6. An example of a simple sugar is:
a. starch
b. DNA
c. glucose
d. chitin
e. lysine
7. Murein (peptidoglycan) is a:
a. polypeptide
b. deoxyribonucleotide
c. polysaccharide
d. phospholipid
e. sterol
8. The main function of cellulose in living things is:
a. structural support
b. catalysis
c. chemical signaling
d. energy storage
e. storage of genetic information
9. The unique defining feature of the tertiary level of protein structure is:
a. peptide bonds
b. hydrogen bonds
c. pleated sheets
d. alpha helices
e. disulfide bonds
Use the diagram of molecules below to answer the following questions. Note that if the
correct answer is made of multiple letters, like “ab”, fill in “a” AND “b” both on your answer
sheet. In this way, you may have to fill in more than one rectangle to mark the correct
answer. Some answer may be used more than once.
10. Which molecule above might be found within a membrane for purposes of keeping the
membrane fluid and flexible?
11. Which molecule in the diagram above could be called glycogen?
12. Which molecule in the diagram above is found in plant cell walls?
13. Which molecule in the diagram above could be found in hemoglobin, collagen, and all
enzymes?
14. Which molecule in the diagram could be called an oil?
15. Which molecule in the diagram could be called a steroid?
16. Which molecule in the diagram above is called a fatty acid?
17. Which molecule in the diagram above is called chitin?
18. Which molecule in the diagram above is a storage form for glucose in animals?
19. The molecule labeled "d.” in the diagram above would be found in:
a. DNA
b. a phospholipid bilayer
c. a bacteria cell wall
d. RNA
e. a polypeptide
20. Buffer chemicals in a cell help to keep enzymes functioning normally.
a. T
b. F
21. Glucose and fructose both have the formula C6H12O6, but they have different chemical
activity in living things. This is because glucose and fructose:
a. are isomers of each other
b. are isotopes of each other
c. are reducing sugars
d. are different in atomic composition
e. are different in the total number of protons and neutrons
22. Triglycerides with many double bonds are:
a. solid at room temperature
b. polyunsaturated
c. similar to those in butter and lard
d. commonly found in cell membranes
e. commonly found in cell walls
23. Why are cells usually smaller than about 100 micrometers in diameter?
a. Enzymes denature as the volume of a cell increases
b. Very big cells tend to be eaten by other living things
c. Large cells have difficulty transporting food and waste efficiently through the membrane
d. Small cells can swim more quickly and can out-compete larger cells in getting to food
e. Cells need to be small so that they fit together to make a multicellular organism
24. Which of the following is NOT an organelle found in a eukaryotic cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. Golgi Body
c. nucleoid
d. lysosome
e. vacuole
25. Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable barriers, rather than impermeable
barriers due to the presence of:
a. proteins
b. cholesterol
c. phospholipids
d. carbohydrates
e. microtubules
26. Which statement is true?
a. A cell placed in an isotonic solution will swell
b. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell
c. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will shrink
d. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will remain the same size
e. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will remain the same size
27. Moving very large molecules into a cell is usually accomplished by:
a. diffusion
b. passive transport
c. exocytosis
d. endocytosis
e. osmosis
28. The general process whereby any molecule moves from high to low concentration is called:
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. exocytosis
e. endocytosis
29. In which structure in the cell diagram above are lipids synthesized?
30. Which structure in the cell diagram above can be called the “greeting and garbage
committee” of the cell?
31. Name the pointer in the cell diagram above that indicates the nucleus.
32. Locate the structure that is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and protein “gates”
33. Where in the cell diagram above is chromatin located?
34. Where in the cell diagram above are proteins packaged and for export from the cell?
35. Which structure in the cell diagram above might be made of cellulose?
36. Which structure is responsible for making in the cell diagram above free-floating proteins?
37. Which structure in the cell diagram above could be called "a bag of digestive enzymes"?
38. The cell in the cell diagram above is a:
a. bacterial cell
b. plant cell
c. animal cell
d. prokaryotic cell
e. protist cell
39. What is the function of the Golgi Body?
a. packaging and shipping of proteins and lipids
b. structural support
c. storage of genetic information
d. greeting incoming molecules and dumping garbage
e. acting as a “worktable” for ribosomes
40. Which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of lipids?
a. ribosomes
b. lysosomes
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. mitochondria
e. peroxisomes
Answers:
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. E
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. E
10. I
11. B
12. C
13. K
14. A
15. I
16. G
17. F
18. B
19. D
20. A
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. C
25. A
26. B
27. D
28. B
29. B
30. H
31. F
32. L
33. F
34. I
35. K
36. G
37. H
38. B
39. A
40. C