1 Introduction to Sociology 9605 Sociology&101.D1 Winter 2015 Please print and read this syllabus. Dr. Robert J. Atkins, Ph.D. Phone: (206) 934-7011 Office hours: 9:30-10:00 and 11:00-11:30 T, Th and Online 8:00 – 9:00 am. M, W, F. Office: Rm. IB2327A E-mail = Please send email for this class through the instructor’s campus email. robert.atkins@seattlecolleges.edu I do not check the Canvas course website email. Subject: Include the item # and class you are in (E.g.#9600 Sociology101.D1) Class website: http://canvas.northseattle.edu Login material (Write your items in the space below) User name: _______________________ Your entire student ID number Password: ______________________ The first six (6) letters of your last name. Start repeating your last name if less than six letters – e.g. Smiths or Liuliu) MySocLab (With Macionis e-book): Requires an access code (see the next page). MySocLab: Registration website = http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com/northamerica/ Course Name: 9605-Sociology101.D1- Winter 2015 (Include this with every email) MySocLab: Course ID: atkins35936 If you do not put this course ID# in when you register for MySocLab you will not be in this class on that website!! You will not receive any credit for it !! You should be able to see the course name shown above on your home page. MySocLab Technical support = 800-677-6337 eLearning student support: http://www.virtualcollege.org/ Course summary: This course helps you understand the larger society and how it impacts your personal life. You will have recorded class presentations, mind map diagrams, Power Point slides, Study Guides, the text, plus videos and readings to help you learn the material. The Course Calendar in the back of this syllabus gives you a schedule for the quarter. Grading: Your class grade is based on the four non-cumulative multiple-choice midterms (50 points each), and “MySocLab” (100 points). My Grades: Exam #1 _____, Exam #2 _____, Exam #3 _____, Exam #4 _____, MySocLab (average %) _____ , Total = _______ (Finding this total on the Grading Scale in this syllabus will give you your final grade). 2 Outcomes This course will help you develop attitudes that encourage you to: *Demonstrate a willingness to learn from many cultures, persons, methods, and viewpoints. This course will give you the knowledge to: * Understand the nature of the individual, of human values and of the relationship between the self and the community. Note: Often people have had traumatic experiences or have strong feelings on certain topics. If you feel any of the topics in the text or class will be emotionally damaging to you, or difficult to learn about or discuss, or would create a “hostile environment” for you - do not take this course. Materials for the course: Required Access code: “MySocLab” (With Macionis Sociology 15th. Edition e-book) Entry code: May be purchased from the NSCC bookstore or Pearson Publishers at: http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com/northamerica/ “MySocLab” Course ID is listed on page one of this syllabus. Computer: Your computer needs to be a PC or Mac with a good internet connection, internet browser, ability to view Power Point, PDF, and MP4 video files. Most computers come with the ability to view these, if not, you can search for free player downloads for these items. Search for: “Microsoft Power Point Viewer”, “Adobe PDF reader”, Windows Media Player MP4” or “Apple QuickTime”. Google Chrome netbook computers are not recommended. 3 MySocLab (Required) “MySocLab” is a website that provides the videos and written articles to view or read and take a short multiple choice quiz based on the material. This will add interest to the class, and enable you to be exposed to material we do not have time to cover in class. It will also give you one hundred points in the class (one third of the total points). These are designed so you can view the activity, take the quiz, and reread or view the video again and change your quiz answers as needed before submitting your answers. You also may submit your answers unlimited times, and the computer will record your highest score. Therefore, you should have 100% on this portion of the course. The activities are seen on the right side of the Course Calendar at the back of this syllabus. All the activities are available from the first day of class, and will turn off near the end of the course, on the date indicated in the course calendar, and will not be reset. To register for “MySocLab” The steps below are also presented in a video with screen shots under “**Start Here” in your course website 1. Go to: http://www.pearsonmylabandmastering.com/northamerica/ 2. Under “Register” select student 3. Check “Yes, I have a Course ID 4. Enter Course ID: (Find course ID on the first page of this syllabus) 5. Select, “Create a Pearson Account” – Create 6. Complete the account information, check “I accept the license agreement” 7. Click “Create Account” 8. If you purchased an access code from the NSCC bookstore, under “Use an Access Code” click “Access code”. If you have not purchased an access code from the NSCCbookstore, you may purchase one directly from the publisher on this page under “MySocLab for Macionis, Sociology, 15e w/eText”. 9. Enter your access code and click “Finish”. 10. Click “Go to your course” (I suggest printing this page with the account information and order details) 11. You should now see the title of your course, which is the entry point for all the MySocLab materials. 4 Overview of “MySocLab” 1. Click on the name of your course, e.g. “Introduction to Sociology – SOC 101” 2. Before you do anything else: Click on “Tune up your browser” and follow the directions This will solve 90% of the technical problems you will have later if you do not do this Click on “Set your time zone”, follow the directions and click “Save” It may automatically be set to Pacific time. 3. On the left hand side you will find the following items: Assignment Calendar: How to find your assignments! A. Click the title “Assignment Calendar”, then click “Enter” B. Go to the last month of the quarter. To change months, click on the right or left facing triangle on either side of the month. C. On the last day of the course you will see a clock icon. Click that date. Here you will find all the MySocLab activities for the entire quarter, since they all turn off at about 6:00 pm on that date. This is the date also listed in the Course Calendar at the back of your syllabus. You may complete that activity on or before that date, but not after that date. If attempted after that date, the computer will give you a zero for that activity (which will not be changed). All the quarter’s activities turn off at that time. eText & Chapter Audio This is an electronic version of your text. Grades Click on “Student Grades”, on the left hand side to see your grades. 4. MySocLab reading assignments with quizzes: I suggest you print out the reading assignments and read them before taking the quiz. You may then refer to them when taking the quiz. There is a video in the “Start Here” folder to show you how to print the readings. If you can only print one page, I suggest you listen to that video. 5. MySocLab video (Watch) assignments with quizzes: I suggest watching the video through once, then take the quiz. You may watch the video again as often as you want while taking the quiz. You may change your answers as often as you wish before submitting the quiz. My expectation is that all students will have 100% correct on all the quizzes. 5 Exams: General description: The four mid-term exams (50 points each) are not cumulative and cover only the chapters for that exam. The exams are all multiple-choice, and will test your knowledge of concepts, terms, and findings. You will also be asked to apply some of the fundamental concepts to new situations. All exams are available from the first day of the quarter, and close near the last day of the quarter as indicated on the Course Calendar in this syllabus. I suggest completing all exams prior to the day they close in case your internet or computer crashes. This gives you some time to solve any problems. The exams will not be extended. If you have not completed an exam by the day they turn off, you will receive a zero for that exam – believe me. Other exam concerns: 1. Take the exams on a stable internet connection. If your internet crashes, try repeatedly to restart the connection during the time you have to take the exam. The test will return at the same place you left off, however, the timer will keep going. 2. Once you start an exam you must complete the 50 questions in 40 minutes. You cannot pause an exam to look up the answer and come back to it later. 3. The exam labeled, “Practice Exam (Not graded)” is the only practice exam. All others are real exams. This is to familiarize you with the test taking system. You may take this exam unlimited times. The real exams can only be taken once. You are not expected to know the answers to this practice exam, and it is not graded. This is just a trial run to be sure you know how to take an exam. 4. You may use any notes, study guides, text, or other materials provided in the class during the exams. You may not use any other source of help. You need to know the material. You will not have time to look up all the answers; the exam will turn off before you finish, and you will have a zero for the remaining questions. Please do not email me saying you had a slow internet connection, your computer crashed, or something else and ask for the exam to be reset. It will not be. You may use the computer lab at the college (rm. 3303) for exams if you wish. 5. To reduce cheating, you can only see one question at a time. You cannot go back to previous questions. 6. I suggest you make notes on topics you are unsure about during the exam if you wish to restudy those items. To protect the exam, I will not email you the questions you missed. With online digital questions it is easy to copy the exam questions and send them to other students, friends, relatives or archive them for future reference. 6 7. If an answer option is “All the above” and it is in position “B” for example, it means all the other answers. This option may occur in other than the last (“D” or “E”) position because the questions and answers are scrambled for each student. 8. Scoring exams: The score you receive will be the grade indicated by the computer. I feel this is the fairest for the largest number of students. While I am glad to discuss the exam with you, it will not change your score. Any changes in question wording, etc. will be considered for next quarter, but will not be used to change scores this quarter. 9. I do not recommend taking the exam at Starbucks, Panera, or similar location. You may be disconnected from the internet if your ant-virus software does not recognize the network. When you click “Take this quiz” you must take the exam: Do not click “Take this quiz” (even by accident) and look through the exam without answering the questions, then tell me your computer crashed, or you clicked it by mistake, and ask me to reset the exam. This is the digital equivalent of stealing the exam, looking at the questions, then asking to take the exam. I can see how long an exam was open, and print a spreadsheet showing which questions you opened (even if you did not answer the question) along with the time and date you did it. You can only open an exam once. It will not be reset. How to do well on the exams: The exams come from the text and many additional items to help you understand the material. Use the Course Calendar at the end of this syllabus to keep yourself on track so you will have covered the material and understand it before you take the exam. To understand each topic, read the text, listen to the class presentation, take notes, review the chapter diagrams, and complete the study guides. Go to “Quizzes” not “Grades” to take the exams: If you use the grades tab to take the exams, the countdown clock will not be available. 7 Avoid procrastination: Do not wait until the last possible day to take the exams. Emails like, “I forgot what the last day was”, or ”I tried to take the exams, and my computer (or internet) had problems”, or, “My electricity turned off”, or “I tried to open the last exam, and it was not there (emailed after the last day)”, now it is past the last day and the class is over, how do I make it up? The answer is, you don’t. Any exams not completed before the exams turn off as indicated in the course calendar have a score of zero – believe me. Therefore, I recommend at least following the suggested course calendar at the back of the syllabus to avoid this procrastination. Please remember, you need to have completed all four exams and MySocLab by at least the last day indicated in the syllabus at about 6:00 pm. All items turn off at that time – believe me. You may complete everything early if you wish. My hope is that having the exams and study materials available at the start of the quarter will let you progress at your individual pace and make it more convenient for family and work schedules, thereby making the class more enjoyable for you. 8 Taking the exams: When taking the exams, you must answer one question before going on. You may not go back. Also, If you skip a question you may not go back to answer it. It is best to have an answer for each question. NOTE *** Turn off the pop-up blocker in your web browser To turn off the pop-up blocker. With Firefox, go to tools > Options >Content, and uncheck the "Block pop up window". With Explorer, go to Tools > Pop-up blocker > Turn off pop-up blocker. 1. Log in and go to your course home page. 2. Click on “Quizzes” > then quiz (exam) number > then “Take the quiz”. (Note the time remaining on the right side) 3. Answer the first question >then click “Next” (Answer all questions) > 4. Finally, when all questions are answered, click “Submit” then “OK”. Note: Your time remaining is shown in the upper right hand corner. At the end of that time, the exam will automatically stop and will not be reset. Therefore, please watch your time remaining. ******************************************************************** YOU MUST CLICK “SUBMIT” FOR ALL EXAMS BEFORE THEY TURN OFF AS INDICATED IN THE COURSE CALENDAR. AT ABOUT 6:00 pm THE EXAMS TURN OFF AND YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT FOR TAKING ANY REMAINING EXAMS. I SUGGEST YOU END ALL YOUR EXAMS PRIOR TO THAT DAY JUST TO BE SURE, IN CASE THE CLOCKS ARE DIFFERENT, OR YOU HAVE ANY PROBLEMS. The Course Calendar gives you a suggested schedule. ********************************************************************* You need to take the exams on or before the date indicated in the Course Calendar. The closing dates will not be extended. If you have not completed an item by the last day, you will receive a zero for that item – believe me. The Course Calendar in the back of this syllabus gives you a suggested schedule for the quarter, including the last date for completing the exams. 9 Grading Your final grade will be based on the total questions you answered correctly on all four exams and the website materials. TOTAL POINTS 300-270 269-240 239-210 209-180 179-0 % GRADE 90 80 70 60 "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" 4.0-3.5 3.4-2.5 2.4-1.5 1.4-0. 0.0 (See the "Grading Scale" page for a more detailed grade distribution) Exam #1 = 50 pts. Exam #2 = 50 pts. Exam #3 = 50 pts. Exam #4 = 50 pts. “My Soc Lab” website = 100 pts. Total = 300 points (See the “Grading Scale” page for a more detailed grade distribution) 10 Grading Scale Total Points 300 (100%) 299 298 4.0 297 296_____ 295 294 293 3.9 292 291_____ 290 289 288 3.8 287 286 285_____ 284 283 282 3.7 281 280_____ 279 278 277 3.6 276 275_____ 274 273 272 3.5 271 270____(90%) A 269 268 3.4 267_____ 266 265 3.3 264_____ 263 262 3.2 261_____ 260 259 3.1 258_____ 257 256 3.0 255_____ 254 253 2.9 252_____ 251 250 2.8 249_____ 248 247 2.7 246_____ 245 244 2.6 243_____ 242 241 2.5 240____(80%) B 239 238 2.4 237_____ 236 235 2.3 234_____ 233 232 2.2 231_____ 230 229 2.1 228_____ 227 226 2.0 225_____ 224 223 1.9 222_____ 221 220 1.8 219_____ 218 217 1.7 216_____ 215 214 1.6 213_____ 212 211 1.5 210____(70%) C 209 208 207 1.4 206 205 204_____ 203 202 201 1.3 200 199 198_____ 197 196 195 1.2 194 193 192_____ 191 190 189 1.1 188 187 186_____ 185 184 183 1.0 182 181 180____(60%) 179 0.0 D 11 All students are treated the same: After all grades are in, or even during the quarter, some students want me to make a new, grading scale or create exam options just for them that do not apply to the rest of you. These requests sound like this: “Can I take the exam again, I didn’t like my score.” “I only need one more point to get the next higher grade … please.” “I am failing the class, so don’t give me the grade I earned, give me an NC (or an Incomplete) instead.” “If you give me the grade I earned, I can not get into the university.” “I need a 2.0, or I will be deported.” “I will lose my financial aid.” “I forgot to take the test (or do an activity) when it was scheduled with everyone else, so can I take it now (several days later)?” “I tried (or I learned a lot) so you should give me a higher grade.” “I did not know I was registered in the class and did absolutely nothing, so I should not receive a 0.0 grade.” “I had personal problems during the quarter, so you should increase my grade (or any deadlines should not apply to me).” “I did not remember it was due then, so can I turn it in now?” “I didn’t complete the exam, so give me more time than everyone else so I can finish it.” I cannot grade based on any of these factors. You need to do the best you possibly can from the first day of class, and feel confident the grade you receive at the end was the best you are capable of. Here is an example of an email sent to a student explaining my thoughts on this matter. “I receive many mails from students wanting me to make an exception because of their personal situations. It would not be fair to other students to make individual decisions allowing one student to do something others were not allowed to do (based on the syllabus they received the first day). I have no doubt that what you say is true. However, I cannot make grading or changes in the syllabus based on each student's difficult situation. Many students have families, take a heavy course load, and work long hours, have family emergencies in another country, get sick and have other situations during the quarter. I do not believe you would be happy if you learned I allowed someone to retake an exam and not you because I liked his or her story more than yours. As a result, I attempt to treat all students fairly and equally based on the syllabus.” If you need help with anything, please see me. I want you to do very well in class and have established many items to help you do so. These include: (1) “How To Study” sheet in this syllabus, (2) Class Presentations (3) Power point slides, (4) The text (5) Study Guides, (6) Chapter Diagrams (7) My office hours if you need additional help understanding the material. With all this support, please remember, all students are treated the same. 12 Instructor created study materials Class Presentations (Videos): To view the class presentation videos, click on the file. After the introductory slide appears, click on the right pointing triangle. This will start the presentation. Be certain the volume is on (mute turned off) and the volume is turned up to a comfortable level. You may then simply sit back and listen to the presentation as if you were attending the class that created these presentations. However, you have the advantage of being able to pause or rewind and review the presentation using the controls at the bottom of the screen. These recordings have been made “live” in class. When listening to the recordings and watching the slides, it is good to have the Study Guide, Chapter Diagram, Power Points and text in front of you to use as guides to what will be on the exam. These recordings, and the related Power Point slides, have been included for the following reasons: 1. It gives you a feeling of being in class, complete with stories, examples, and comments. 2. You get to know your instructor on a more personal level 3. You get to hear explanations of topics that may be difficult to comprehend otherwise. Playing the video files: If you cannot play the videos, you need the ability to download and play .mp4 files. This software is available as a free download from the internet. I would search for “Download .mp4 files”, and choose one you feel may be reputable. Windows Media player, Real Player and Quick Time will all do that. Most computers (PC and Mac) come with this ability, and it is not a problem for most students. A fun way to listen to the videos: Rather than listening to the videos alone, if you have friends in the course it may be more fun to get together with pizza and popcorn and listen to them (like going to the movies). Pause the tape at the “Do You Remember” questions and discuss them among yourselves to see if you understand them. This is also a good time to take a break before continuing. CAUTION: Do not take the exam immediately afterward with the other students. You could be accused of helping each other with the answers, which is cheating, and everyone would receive a zero for the exam. 13 “Do You Remember?” questions: The videos have “Do You Remember?” questions to help you review the material immediately after it has been presented. If you cannot remember the answers to these questions, then is a good time to go back and immediately review them to reinforce your memory. These questions have also been duplicated in a Word document for each exam, and are in a file under the “Start Here” videos. Print these out and complete the answers when listening to the videos. You can then use these to study for the exams. Also, since the videos can be long, I suggest you take a break when you get to these questions. You can walk around, or get something to drink. This will reset your attention span, which will help you to refocus and start remembering the material again. Power Point slides: The Power Point slides are not “canned” from the textbook, they have been made by your instructor specifically to help you with the exams, and are the same ones used in the class presentations. If you wish to print out the slides, they are available in a file entitled “Power Point Slides”. I suggest printing out three or six slides per page. “Discussion questions” are idea starters The discussion questions in each chapter do not need to be completed or handed in. There is no additional credit for discussion postings or replying to a post, however, if someone wants to post a discussion, these can be idea starters. 14 Chapter diagrams Chapter diagrams are “Concept Maps” of the key concepts being discussed in lecture, text, and exams. The theory behind these maps is that you can remember a diagram (or photograph or drawing) better than written text or an outline. This is particularly true of visual learners. How to use them: The best way to use these is to print them out on a color printer and have them in front of you (along with the study guides) when you listen to the lectures during class. When listening to the lectures, exam reviews, or reading the text, you can take notes and transfer the key ideas to the concept diagrams for later study. When writing the notes into your diagram, ask yourself if you understand them; then explain it to yourself (or someone else). It will work even better if you can say this aloud to yourself so you can hear it. How to study with them: 1. Add any notes you want to the diagram 2. Develop a mental image of the diagram 3. Try to reproduce that image on a blank piece of paper without looking at the original diagram. 4. Compare your diagram to the original. A. The missing items are the ones you need to concentrate on B. Repeat this process. A video on Chapter Diagrams has been posted under: Home Page > **Start Here. Study guides This file gives you a study guide for each chapter. These are designed directly from the exams. While you read the text, listen to the class presentations, and view the Power Point slides, keep these sheets with you, and work toward being able to answer each of the questions. These will then help you during the exams. 15 How to study: Look at the course calendar to see what materials need to be covered that day. MySocLab: Complete these items before the date they turn off as indicated in the class calendar. All activities are available from the start of class. However, this will eliminate any computer problems preventing you from receiving credit after the assignment turns off. Class materials (for each chapter): 1. Print out the study materials. This includes the power points (3-6 to a page), chapter diagrams, and the study guide. This will help you focus your studying on the most important items. 2. Spread out the text and all the materials in front of you, then listen to the lecture video. Pause the video to make notes on the study materials. This will help you recall the lecture material. 3. Review the visual summary, “Making The Grade” at the back of the chapter in the text along with the chapter itself, and highlight the topics presented in the study materials. Use the text as a reference book, do not read page after page. This will help you review the class material, and see how it relates to the text. 4. After listening to the video and reading the text: A. Add to any notes you may have made on the power points, diagrams, etc. B. Complete the study guide questions. They do not need to be handed in. This will help you further understand the material presented in the video and focus your study time on what is most apt to be on the exam. Each day: Take about fifteen minutes per chapter to review the materials presented since the last exam. Learning research tells us that many short reviews helps you remember the material much better than one long review. 16 Miscellaneous items Acceptance of the syllabus: Your registration for, and continued presence in this class indicates you have read, understand, and accept the entire syllabus (including the grading scale, time limits, etc.). Incompletes: No “Incomplete” (I) grades will be given. No Credit “NC” grades and Withdrawals: You must request an "NC" grade or withdraw by the “last day to withdraw” indicated on the course calendar. If you have not, you will receive a decimal grade for this course. ************************************************************************ When the Registrar’s office says you can get an “NC” grade up until the end of the quarter, they mean they will process it. What they tend not to tell you is that you can only receive an NC if requested by the instructor based on the criteria for assigning an NC grade. My criteria are that you can only receive an NC grade if it is requested prior to the last day to withdraw. After that date you will receive a decimal grade. Do not tell me the Registrar said you could get an NC grade up until the end of the quarter – you cannot. ************************************************************************ Cheating: Any cheating on exams will result in a score of zero (“0”) for that exam (which can not be retaken). Copying an exam, sending or showing an exam to another student, or keeping an exam is considered cheating. Facilitating the cheating of another student is also considered cheating, and both parties will receive a zero. Being with another student in the same class while taking the exam will be considered collaborating on answering the exam questions, and will be considered cheating. Guidelines for Student Conduct: Students are expected to comply with student conduct policy and procedures. Information on student responsibilities and rights is available at the following website: https://northseattle.edu/policies/student-conduct-policy Americans with Disabilities Act: If you need course adaptations or accommodation because of a disability; you must contact Disability Services at phone 206-934-3697, or TTY: 206-934-0079 or on the web at https://northseattle.edu/disability-services. How to see your final course grade: You may check your grades via the internet at: NSCC home page > Services > Online Services > Grades/Records>Grades/Unofficial Transcript. Put in your Student ID and Student PIN, then click on “Get My Transcript”. Academic Honesty: Academic honesty is highly valued at NSCC. A student must always submit work that represents his/her original words or ideas. 17 How to check your internet browser if you are having problems 1. Go to the class website and log in. 3. Often, simply turning off “pop-up blockers” on your web browser will solve problems. 4. Another way to check your browser is to try all the class activities, such as the Power Points, the recordings, and the class materials. If these all work, you are ok. If you still have questions, contact the eLearning office on the first page of this syllabus. How to withdraw from the course: You may withdraw from a course via the internet at: NSCC home page > Services > Online Services > Register/Add/Drop Classes, and follow the directions 18 Course Calendar Sociology&101- Winter 2015 All exams and activities are open when class starts, and close (turn off) near the end of the quarter as shown below. The closing date will not be extended. I suggest you at least follow this schedule. You may complete the course as early as you wish. Date Week of: January 4 Class Presentation Videos & Exams Download and read the syllabus Listen to videos in “Start Here” Soc. Perspectives (Ch. 1) “My Soc Lab” Activities All are listed on March 21st, when they turn off Register for MySocLab See “Start Here” in class website V=Video, R=Reading V=What is Sociology? R-The Promise January 11 Soc. Investigation (Ch. 2) Culture (Ch. 3) V – Sociological Theory and Research V - Culture January 18 Society (Ch. 4) Exam #1 R- Communist Manifesto January 25 Socialization (Ch. 5 ) V - Socialization R- Extreme Case of Social Isolation V – Social Interaction R-Presentation of Self in Everyday life Social Interaction (Ch. 6 ) February 1 Groups (Ch. 7) Sexuality (Ch. 8) February 8 February 15 Exam #2 Deviance (Ch.9) Social Class (Ch. 11) Gender Stratification. (Ch. 13) February 22 March 1 V – Society, Groups, and Organizations R- McDonaldization of Society V – Sex and Sexuality R- Human Rights, Sex Trafficking, Prostitution V - Deviance V – Social Class in the U.S. R- Media Magic V - Gender Race & Ethnicity (Ch. 14 ) Exam #3 V – Race & Ethnicity Family (Ch. 18) V- Marriage & Families R- How History & Sociology help today’s families V - Education Education (Ch.20) 19 March 8 Health (Ch.21) Population (Ch. 22 ) March 15 Exam #4 All exams have turned off by All activities have turned off by Saturday st March 21st at 6:00pm. Finish before this time to be Saturday March 21 at 6:00pm Class ends (There is no final exam) sure it will be available. If you are still doing these on the last day, and it turns off, or you have computer problems, it will not be reset for any reason. February 27th. is the last day to withdraw V-Health and Medicine V- Population, Urbanization, and the Environment R-Life and Death in the City